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var chpdata = [
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch1",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 1 - Chemical Reactions and Equations",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The property to flow is unique to fluids. Which one of the following statements is correct?",
          "ans": "(c) Gases and liquids behave like fluids",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Only liquids are fluids",
            "(b) Only gases behave like fluids",
            "(c) Gases and liquids behave like fluids",
            "(d) None"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Freezing point of pure water is :",
          "ans": "(a) 273 K",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 273 K",
            "(b) 273 °C",
            "(c) –273 °C",
            "(d) –273 K"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "During summer water kept in an earthen pot becomes cool because of phenomenon of ______________________.",
          "ans": "(b) evaporation",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) osmosis",
            "(b) evaporation",
            "(c) transpiration",
            "(d) diffusion"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which condition out of the following will increase the evaporation of water?",
          "ans": "(b) Increase in temperature of water.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Adding common salt to water.",
            "(b) Increase in temperature of water.",
            "(c) Decrease in temperature of water.",
            "(d) None of these."
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Converting 25 °C to Kelvin scale, the temperature is ______________________.",
          "ans": "(a) 298 K",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 298 K",
            "(b) 300 K",
            "(c) 302 K",
            "(d) 304 K"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Intermolecular spaces are maximum in ______________________.",
          "ans": "(b) gases",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) liquids",
            "(b) gases",
            "(c) solids",
            "(d) all of these"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following sets of phenomena would increase on raising the temperature?*",
          "ans": "(c) Evaporation, diffusion, expansion of gases",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Diffusion, evaporation, compression of gases",
            "(b) Evaporation, compression of gases, solubility",
            "(c) Evaporation, diffusion, expansion of gases",
            "(d) Evaporation, solubility, diffusion, compression of gases"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Seema visited a Natural Gas Compressing Unit and found that the gas can be liquefied under specific conditions of temperature and pressure. While sharing her experience with friends, she got confused. Help her to identify the correct set of conditions.*",
          "ans": "(c) Low temperature, high pressure",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Low temperature, low pressure",
            "(b) High temperature, low pressure",
            "(c) Low temperature, high pressure",
            "(d) High temperature, high pressure"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "During summer, water kept in an earthen pot becomes cool because of the phenomenon of*",
          "ans": "(d) evaporation",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) diffusion",
            "(b) transpiration",
            "(c) osmosis",
            "(d) evaporation"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A few substances are arranged in the increasing order of ‘forces of attraction’ between their particles. Which one of the following represents a correct arrangement?*",
          "ans": "(c) Oxygen, water, sugar",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Water, air, wind",
            "(b) Air, sugar, oil",
            "(c) Oxygen, water, sugar",
            "(d) Salt, juice, air"
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "On converting 25°C, 38°C and 66°C to Kelvin scale, the correct sequence of temperature will be*",
          "ans": "(a) 298 K, 311 K and 339 K",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 298 K, 311 K and 339 K",
            "(b) 298 K, 300 K and 338 K",
            "(c) 273 K, 278 K and 543 K",
            "(d) 298 K, 310 K and 338 K"
          ],
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Choose the correct statement of the following:*",
          "ans": "(a) Conversion of solid into vapours without passing through the liquid state is called sublimation.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Conversion of solid into vapours without passing through the liquid state is called sublimation.",
            "(b) Conversion of vapours into solid without passing through the liquid state is called vapourisation.",
            "(c) Conversion of vapours into solid without passing through the liquid state is called freezing.",
            "(d) Conversion of solid into liquid is called sublimation."
          ],
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Conversion of solid into liquid is called sublimation.",
          "ans": "(c) 308 K, 329 K, 391 K",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 306 K, 329 K, 391 K",
            "(b) 308 K, 329 K, 392 K",
            "(c) 308 K, 329 K, 391 K",
            "(d) 329 K, 392 K, 308 K"
          ],
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In which of the following conditions, the distance between the molecules of hydrogen gas would increase?* <br/> (i) Increasing pressure on hydrogen contained in a closed container <br/> (ii) Some hydrogen gas leaking out of the container <br/> (iii) Increasing the volume of the container of hydrogen gas <br/> (iv) Adding more hydrogen gas to the container without increasing the volume of the container",
          "ans": "(c) (ii) and (iii)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i) and (iii)",
            "(b) (i) and (iv)",
            "(c) (ii) and (iii)",
            "(d) (ii) and (iv) "
          ],
          "val": 14
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Physical nature of ice is ______________.",
          "ans": "solid",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Matter is made up of ______________.",
          "ans": "particles",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Particles of matter are ______________.",
          "ans": "continuously moving",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Particles of matter ______________ each other.",
          "ans": "attract",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Particles of matter are bound together by ______________.",
          "ans": "intermolecular forces",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Intermolecular spaces are minimum in ______________ and maximum in ______________.",
          "ans": "solid; gases",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "______________ state of matter is least compressible and ______________ is most compressible.",
          "ans": "Solid; gas",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Conversion of solid to liquid is called ______________.",
          "ans": "fusion",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Conversion of gas to solid is called ______________.",
          "ans": "deposition",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Freezing point of pure water is ______________.",
          "ans": "273 K",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Evaporation causes ______________.",
          "ans": "cooling",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Unit of pressure is called ______________.",
          "ans": "pascal",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Symbol of density is ______________.",
          "ans": "r",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Evaporation of a liquid at room temperature leads to a ______________ effect.",
          "ans": "cooling",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "At room temperature, the forces of attraction between the particles of solid substances are ______________ than those which exist in the gaseous state.",
          "ans": "stronger",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The arrangement of particles is less ordered in the ______________ state. However, there is no order in the ______________ state.",
          "ans": "liquid; gaseous",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "______________ is the change of solid state directly to vapour state without going through the ______________ state.",
          "ans": "Sublimation; liquid",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The phenomenon of change of a liquid into the gaseous state at any temperature below its boiling point is called ______________.",
          "ans": "evaporation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 18
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Match the Following.",
          "qus": "Match the physical quantities given in column I to their SI units given in column II :*",
          "ans": "1. – (c), 2. – (d), 3. – (e), 4. – (b),  5. – (a)",
          "code": "MTF",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [
            {
              "image": "Column I",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Pressure",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Temperature",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Density",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Mass",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "5. Volume",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option2": [
            {
              "image": "Column II",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) cubic metre",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) kilogram",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) pascal",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(d) kelvin",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(e) kilogram per cubic metre",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option3": [
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option4": [
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Match the Following.",
          "qus": "The non-SI and SI units of some physical quantities are given in column I and column II respectively. Match the units belonging to the same physical quantity :*",
          "ans": " 1. – (d), 2. – (c), 3. – (v), 4. – (b), 5. – (a)",
          "code": "MTF",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [
            {
              "image": "Column I",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. degree celsius",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. centimetre",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. gram per centimetre cube",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. bar",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "5. milligram",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option2": [
            {
              "image": "Column II",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) kilogram",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) pascal",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) metre",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(d) kelvin",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(e) kilogram per metre cube",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option3": [
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option4": [
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Perform and explain an activity to show that particles have space between them.",
          "ans": " • Take a glass of water, add sugar/salt and stir. <br/> •  You will observe that there is no rise in the water level. When sugar is added to the water, the sugar/salt the particles adjust themselves in the space between the water particles. This shows that particles of matter have spaces between them.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "cha1.jpg",
            "width": "300",
            "height": "113"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the different states of matter? Explain giving one example of each.",
          "ans": "Solid state, Liquid state, Gaseous state. <br/> Example : Solids have fixed shape and fixed volume, eg. ice. <br/> Example : Liquids have fixed volume but not fixed shape, eg. water. <br/> Example : Gases neither have fixed shape nor fixed volume, eg. air.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define matter.",
          "ans": "Anything that occupies space has mass and can be judged by one or more of the five known physical senses.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define sublimation.",
          "ans": "The phenomenon of conversion of a solid into a gas without changing into intermediate liquid state is called sublimation.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give reason : The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several metres away, but to get the smell from cold food you have to go close.",
          "ans": " This is because the rate of diffusion of a gas increases with the increase in temperature. In hot food the rate of diffusion is greater than that in cold food. Increase in temperature increases the kinetic energy of molecules and they move faster.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "You can easily stretch a rubber band but not a metallic ring. Explain why.",
          "ans": "In a rubber band, the force of attraction between the particles is less than that between the particles in a metallic ring. Hence, a rubber band can be easily stretched, but a metallic ring cannot be stretched so easily.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "“Smell of perfume can be sensed even from a distance”. Give reason.",
          "ans": "This is because the molecules of perfumes are moving with very high speed in all the direction and they diffuses easily into air particles.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give three points of difference between liquid state and solid state.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Liquid State",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Liquids have fixed volume but not fixed shape.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Liquids generally flow easily.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Liquids diffuse more than solids.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Solid state",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Solids have fixed shape and fixed volume.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Solids have fixed shape and fixed volume.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Solids diffuse extremely slowly.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define Fluidity.",
          "ans": "It is the property of matter due to which it can flow. Gases and liquids show fluidity.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Liquids do not have definite shape and volume. Why?",
          "ans": "The molecules of liquid have large intermolecular spaces. Due to which they do not have definite shape and volume. They take the shape of the container in which they are filled.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give three points of difference between gaseous state and liquid state.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Gaseous state",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Gases flow very easily.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Gases spread out quickly.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Gases are highly compressible.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Liquid state",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Liquids flow less easily than gases.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Liquids spread and can be poured.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "They can be compressed, but only to some extent.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which are the factors affecting the rate of evaporation?",
          "ans": " Surface area, Temperature, Humidity, Wind speed",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Perform an activity to study the factors affecting the rate of evaporation.",
          "ans": "Activity : <br/> • Take 5 mL of water in a test tube and keep it near a window or under a fan. <br/> • Take 5 mL of water in an open china dish and keep it near a window or under a fan. <br/> •  Take 5 mL of water in an open china dish and keep it inside a cupboard or on a shelf in your class.<br/> • Record the room temperature.<br/> • Record the time or days taken for the evaporation process in the above cases. <br/> • Repeat the above three steps of activity on a rainy day and record your observations. <br/> •  What do you infer about the effect of temperature, surface area and wind velocity (speed) on evaporation? <br/> Observation : We can observe that the Rate of evaporation increases with <br/> • an increase in surface area. <br/> • an increase in temperature. <br/> • a decrease in humidity. <br/> • an increase in wind speed.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define Melting point.",
          "ans": "The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid at one atmospheric pressure is called its melting point.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define Boiling point.",
          "ans": "The temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas at one atm is called its boiling point.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why does our palm feel cold when we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on it?",
          "ans": " This is because the particles of acetone or petrol or perfume gain energy from our palm and the surroundings and thus evaporate to cause cooling.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A sample of water under study was found to boil at 102°C at normal temperature and pressure. Is the water pure? Will this water freeze at 0°C? Comment.*",
          "ans": "Its freezing point will be below 0°C due to the presence of a non-volatile impurity in it.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Classify the following into osmosis/diffusion :* <br/> (a) Swelling up of a raisin on keeping in water. <br/> (b) Spreading of virus on sneezing. <br/> (c) Earthworm dying on coming in contact with common salt. <br/> (d) Shrinking of grapes kept in thick sugar syrup. <br/> (e) Preserving pickles in salt. <br/> (f) Spreading of smell of cake being baked throughout the house. <br/> (g) Aquatic animals using oxygen dissolved in water during respiration.",
          "ans": "(a)	 Osmosis <br/> (b)	 Diffusion <br/> (c)	 Osmosis	<br/> (d)	 Osmosis <br/> (e) Osmosis (f) Diffusion <br/> (g) Diffusion",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Alka was making tea in a kettle. Suddenly she felt intense heat from the puff of steam gushing out of the spout of the kettle. She wondered whether the temperature of the steam was higher than that of the water boiling in the kettle. Comment.*",
          "ans": "The temperature of both boiling water and steam is 100°C, but steam has more energy because of latent heat of vapourisation.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A glass tumbler containing hot water is kept in the freezer compartment of a refrigerator (temperature < 0°C). If you could measure the temperature of the content of the tumbler, which of the following graphs (Fig) would correctly represent the change in its temperature as a function of time?*",
          "ans": "(a)	 The water will cool initially till it reaches 0°C, the freezing point. At this stage, the temperature will remain constant till all the water will freeze. After this, temperature would fall again.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "cha2.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "103"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Look at Fig. and suggest in which of the vessels A, B, C or D the rate of evaporation will be the highest? Explain.*",
          "ans": "(c)	 The rate of evaporation increases with an increase of surface area because evaporation is a surface phenomenon. Also, with the increase in air speed, the particles of water vapour will move away with the air, which will increase the rate of evaporation.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch1a3.jpg",
            "width": "400",
            "height": "158"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "(a) Conversion of solid to vapour is called sublimation. Name the term used to denote the conversion of vapour to solid.* <br/> (b) Conversion of solid state to liquid state is called fusion. What is meant by latent heat of fusion?*",
          "ans": "(a) Deposition <br/> (b) The amount of heat required to convert 1 kg of solid into liquid at one atmosphere pressure at its melting point is known as its latent heat of fusion.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 22,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "It is a hot summer day. Priyanshi and Ali are wearing cotton and nylon clothes respectively. Who do you think would be more comfortable and why?*",
          "ans": "Cotton being a better absorber of water than nylon helps in absorption of sweat followed by evaporation which leads to cooling. So Priyanshi is more comfortable, whereas Ali is not so comfortable.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 23,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "You want to wear your favourite shirt to a party, but the problem is that it is still wet after a wash. What steps would you take to dry it faster?*",
          "ans": "Conditions that can increase the rate of evaporation of water are <br/> (a)	an increase in surface area by spreading the shirt <br/> (b) an increase in temperature by putting the shirt under the sun <br/> (c) increase the wind speed by spreading it under the fan.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 24,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
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      [],
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      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 10",
    "co": "ch1_co",
    "fib": "ch1_fib",
    "mcq": "ch1_mcq",
    "nf": "ch1_nf",
    "yn": "ch1_yn",
    "un": "ch1_un",
    "dtf": "ch1_dtf",
    "afq": "ch1_afq",
    "jtf": "ch1_jtf",
    "ctt": "ch1_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch1_ctco",
    "laq": "ch1_laq",
    "afow": "ch1_afow",
    "snc": "ch1_snc",
    "vsaq": "ch1_vsaq",
    "pbq": "ch1_pbq",
    "mtf": "ch1_mtf",
    "saq": "ch1_saq",
    "cs": "ch1_cs",
    "map": "ch1_map",
    "gowf": "ch1_gowf",
    "tf": "ch1_tf",
    "grf": "ch1_grf",
    "arbq": "ch1_arbq",
    "cbq": "ch1_cbq"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch2",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 2 - Is Matter Around Us Pure",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Oxygen gas can be extracted from air by ______________________.",
          "ans": "(b) fractional distillation",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) distillation",
            "(b) fractional distillation",
            "(c) evaporation",
            "(d) double-distillation"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following will show “Tyndall effect”?",
          "ans": "(a) milk",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) milk",
            "(b) salt solution",
            "(c) copper sulphate solution",
            "(d) none of these"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "______________________ is heterogeneous mixture",
          "ans": "(b) Soil",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Vinegar",
            "(b) Soil",
            "(c) Tea",
            "(d) Water"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Tincture of iodine has antiseptic properties. This solution is made by dissolving.",
          "ans": "(a) iodine in alcohol",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) iodine in alcohol",
            "(b) iodine in water",
            "(c) iodine in vaseline",
            "(d) none of these"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is not a physical change?",
          "ans": "(a) Rusting of iron",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Rusting of iron",
            "(b) Bending of an iron rod",
            "(c) Drawing a wire of iron metal",
            "(d) Melting of iron metal"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "FeS + 2HCl → FeCl<sub>2</sub> + ______________________.",
          "ans": "(d) H<sub>2</sub>S",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) H<sub>2</sub>O",
            "(b) HS",
            "(c) SH<sub>2</sub>",
            "(d) H<sub>2</sub>S"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following statements are true for pure substances?* <br/> (i) Pure substances contain only one kind of particles <br/> (ii) Pure substances may be compounds or mixtures <br/> (iii) Pure substances have the same composition throughout <br/> (iv) Pure substances can be exemplified by all elements other than nickel",
          "ans": "(b) (i) and (iii)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i) and (ii)",
            "(b) (i) and (iii)",
            "(c) (iii) and (iv)",
            "(d) (ii) and (iii)"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Rusting of an article made up of iron is called*",
          "ans": "(c) corrosion and it is a chemical change",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) corrosion and it is a physical as well as chemical change",
            "(b) dissolution and it is a physical change",
            "(c) corrosion and it is a chemical change",
            "(d) dissolution and it is a chemical change"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A mixture of sulphur and carbon disulphide is*",
          "ans": "(d) homogeneous and does not show Tyndall effect",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) heterogeneous and shows Tyndall effect",
            "(b) homogeneous and shows Tyndall effect",
            "(c) heterogeneous and does not show Tyndall effect",
            "(d) homogeneous and does not show Tyndall effect"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following are homogeneous in nature?* <br/> (i) ice (ii) wood (iii) soil (iv) air",
          "ans": "(c) (i) and (iv)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(i) ice (ii) wood (iii) soil (iv) air",
            "(b) (ii) and (iv)",
            "(c) (i) and (iv)",
            "(d) (iii) and (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following are physical changes?* <br/> (i) Melting of iron metal <br/> (ii) Rusting of iron <br/> (iii) Bending of an iron rod <br/> (iv) Drawing a wire of iron meta",
          "ans": "(c) (i), (iii) and (iv)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)",
            "(b) (i), (ii) and (iv)",
            "(c) (i), (iii) and (iv)",
            "(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following are chemical changes?* <br/> (i) Decaying of wood <br/> (ii) Burning of wood <br/> (iii) Sawing of wood <br/> (iv) Hammering of a nail into a piece of wood",
          "ans": "(a) (i) and (ii)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i) and (ii)",
            "(b) (ii) and (iii)",
            "(c) (iii) and (iv)",
            "(d) (i) and (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Two substances, A and B were made to react to form a third substance, A2B according to the following reaction: <br/>2A + B → A<sub>2</sub> B <br/> Which of the following statements concerning this reaction are incorrect?* <br/> (i) The product A2B shows the properties of substances A and B <br/> (ii) The product will always have a fixed composition <br/> (iii) The product so formed cannot be classified as a compound <br/> (iv) The product so formed is an element",
          "ans": "(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)",
            "(b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)",
            "(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv)",
            "(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Two chemical species X and Y combine together to form a product P which contains both X and Y: <br/> X + Y → P <br/> X and Y cannot be broken down into simpler substances by simple chemical reactions. Which of the following concerning the species X, Y and P are correct?*",
          "ans": "(d) (i), (iii) and (iv)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)",
            "(b) (i), (ii) and (iv)",
            "(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv)",
            "(d) (i), (iii) and (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 14
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A mixture is made up of more than one __________________.",
          "ans": "substance",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "__________________ and __________________ are examples of a substance.",
          "ans": "Sugar; Salt",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Two types of mixtures are __________________ and __________________.",
          "ans": "homogeneous; heterogeneous",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A colloidal solution has __________________ phases.",
          "ans": "two",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The particle size in suspensions is __________________ nm.",
          "ans": "> 100",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "__________________ is a technique used for separation of coloured components of a mixture.",
          "ans": "Chromatography",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Sugar can be extracted from its aqueous solution by __________________.",
          "ans": "crystallisation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Common salt can be separated from iodine in their mixture by __________________.",
          "ans": "sublimation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Dissolution of sugar in water is a __________________.",
          "ans": "physical change",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Digestion of food is a __________________ change.",
          "ans": "chemical",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Metals are highly__________________.",
          "ans": "malleable and ductile",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "__________________ are non-sonorous.",
          "ans": "Non-metals",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "__________________ metal is found in liquid state at room temperature.",
          "ans": "Mercury",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A colloid is a __________________ mixture and its components can be separated by the technique known as __________________.",
          "ans": "heterogeneous; centrifugation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Ice, water and water vapour look different and display different __________________ properties but they are __________________ the same.",
          "ans": "physical; chemically",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A mixture of chloroform and water taken in a separating funnel is mixed and left undisturbed for some time. The upper layer in the separating funnel will be of __________________ and the lower layer will be that of __________________.",
          "ans": "water; chloroform",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A mixture of two or more miscible liquids, for which the difference in the boiling points is less than 25 K can be separated by the process called __________________.",
          "ans": "fractional distillation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "When light is passed through water containing a few drops of milk, it shows a bluish tinge. This is due to the __________________ of light by milk and the phenomenon is called __________________. This indicates that milk is a __________________ solution.",
          "ans": "scattering; Tyndall effect; colloidal",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 18
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by homogeneous mixture?",
          "ans": "A homogeneous mixture is a mixture that has some proportions of its components through any given sample. An example of homogenous mixture is air.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by chromatography?",
          "ans": "It is a technique used for the separation of coloured components of a mixture.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by heterogeneous mixture?",
          "ans": "1. It consists of two or more phases. <br/> 2. It does not have a uniform composition. <br/> 3. It does not have the same properties throughout the bulk.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Calculate the concentration of a solution at 273 K, if 20 g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 50 g water at 273 K to get a saturated solution.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch2a1.jpg",
            "width": "300",
            "height": "116"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How would you obtain a sample of sulphur from a mixture of sulphur and carbon?",
          "ans": "For this, we first shake the mixture of sulphur and carbon with carbon disulphide. Then we filter the resultant solution. Sulphur becomes a part of the filtrate while carbon is obtained as the residue. Then we heat the filtrate so that carbon disulphide gets evaporated leaving behind sulphur.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is fractional distillation? Give its importance.",
          "ans": "Fractional distillation is the process of separation of a mixture of two or more miscible liquids having very close boiling points. Fractionating columns are used for distillation in this technique. <br/> Importance : <br/> 1. It is useful in obtaining petroleum products from crude oil. <br/> 2. It is also useful in separting different components of air.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write an activity to show how, to obtain pure copper sulphate from its impure sample.",
          "ans": "<b>Procedure :</b> <br/> 1. Take some 5 g impure sample of copper sulphate in china dish. <br/> 2. Dissolve it in minimum amount of water. <br/> 3. Filter the impurities out. <br/> 4. Evaporate water from the copper sulphate solution so as to get a saturated solution. <br/> 5. Cover the solution with a filter paper and leave it undisturbed at room temperature to cool slowly for a day. <br/> <b>Observation :</b> <br/>  On cooling down the hot saturated solution of copper sulphate, crystals of copper sulphate are obtained. These crytals can be separated out from the solution by filtration.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by centrifugation? State its uses.",
          "ans": "1. It is a process that involves the use of the centrifugal force for the sedimentation of mixture with a centrifuge. <br/> 2. It is used in the dairy industry and also in laboratories for blood sampling. This process is used to seprate two immiscible liquid substances. <br/> 3. It is used to seprate skim milk from whole milk and blood cells from blood plasma.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give two examples in which separating funnel is used.",
          "ans": "1. To separate mixture of oil and water. <br/> 2. To extract iron from its ore.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give two points of difference between physical change and chemical change.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Physical change",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• No new substance is formed in a physical change.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• Physical change is a temporary change.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• The mass of a substance does not alter in a physical change.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Chemical change",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• A new substance isformed in a chemical change.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• A chemical change is a permanent change.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• The mass of a substance does alter in a chemical change.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A physical change is temporary and can be reversed but a chemical change is permanent and cannot be reversed. Explain with example.",
          "ans": "<b>Physical change :</b> It is a temporary change in which only physical properties of a substance change. It can be easily reversed. <br/> <b>Example :</b> Melting of ice or glowing of an electric bulb. <br/> <b>Chemical change :</b> It is a permanent change is which the chemical properties of a substance change. It is non-reversible. <br/> <b>Example :</b> Digestion of food or growth of a plant.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give four points of difference between metals and non-metals.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Metals",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. They have lustre.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. They are good conductors of heat and electricity.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. They have silvery grey or gold yellow colour.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. They are sonorous.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Non-metals",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. They are non-lustrous.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. They are poor conductors of heat and electricity",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. They have variety of colours.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. They are non-sonorous.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are metalloids?",
          "ans": "The elements which show intermediate properties between metals and non-metals are known as metalloids. <b>For example :</b> boron, germanium, silicon, etc.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give five names of metals which produce sonorous sound after striking with an object.",
          "ans": "Tin, Brass, Copper, Aluminium, Iron.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Suggest separation technique(s) one would need to employ to separate the following mixtures.* <br/> (a) Mercury and water <br/> (b) Potassium chloride and ammonium chloride <br/> (c) Common salt, water and sand (d) Kerosene oil, water and salt",
          "ans": "(a) Separation by using separating funnel <br/> (b) Sublimation <br/> (c) Filtration followed by evaporation <br/> Or <br/> Centrifugation followed by evaporation/distillation <br/> (d)	 Separation by using separating funnel to separate kerosene oil followed by evaporation or distillation.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": " Which of the tubes in Fig. 2.1 (a) and (b) will be more effective as a condenser in the distillation apparatus?*",
          "ans": "Hint : Look for the larger surface area. The presence of beads in tube (a) would provide a larger surface area for cooling.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch2a2",
            "width": "124",
            "height": "200"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Salt can be recovered from its solution by evaporation. Suggest some other technique for the same.*",
          "ans": "Crystallisation",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "The ‘seawater’ can be classified as a homogeneous as well as heterogeneous mixture. Comment.*",
          "ans": "Homogeneous— mixture of salts and water only <br/> Heterogeneous— contains salts, water, mud, decayed plant, etc",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "While diluting a solution of salt in water, a student by mistake added acetone (boiling point 56°C). What technique can be employed to get back the acetone? Justify your choice.*",
          "ans": "<b>Hint :</b> Distillation, since acetone is more volatile, it will separate out first.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What would you observe when* <br/> (a) a saturated solution of potassium chloride prepared at 60°C is allowed to cool to room temperature? <br/> (b) an aqueous sugar solution is heated to dryness? <br/> (c) a mixture of iron filings and sulphur powder is heated strongly?",
          "ans": "(a) Solid potassium chloride will separate out. <br/> (b) Initially the water will evaporate and then sugar will get charred. <br/> (c)	Iron sulphide will be formed.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain why particles of a colloidal solution do not settle down when left undisturbed, while in the case of a suspension they do.*",
          "ans": "Particle size in a suspension is larger than that in a colloidal solution. Also molecular interaction in a suspension is not strong enough to keep the particles suspended and hence they settle down.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Smoke and fog both are aerosols. In what way are they different?*",
          "ans": "Both fog and smoke have gas as the dispersion medium. The only difference is that the dispersed phase in fog is liquid and in smoke it is a solid.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 22,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Classify the following as physical or chemical properties.* <br/> (a) The composition of a sample of steel is: 98% iron, 1.5% carbon and 0.5% other elements. <br/> (b) Zinc dissolves in hydrochloric acid with the evolution of hydrogen gas. <br/> (c) Metallic sodium is soft enough to be cut with a knife. <br/> (d) Most metal oxides form alkalis on interacting with water.",
          "ans": "Physical properties – (a) and (c) <br/> Chemical properties – (b) and (d)",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 23,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "The teacher instructed three students ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ respectively to prepare a 50% (mass by volume) solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). ‘A’ dissolved 50 g of NaOH in 100 mL of water, ‘B’ dissolved 50 g of NaOH in 100 g of water, while ‘C’ dissolved 50 g of NaOH in water to make 100 mL of solution. Which one of them has made the desired solution and why?*",
          "ans": "Physical properties – (a) and (c) <br/> Chemical properties – (b) and (d)",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 24,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch2a3.jpg",
            "width": "400",
            "height": "67"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the process associated with the following :* <br/> (a) Dry ice is kept at room temperature and at one atmospheric pressure. <br/> (b) A drop of ink placed on the surface of water contained in a glass spreads throughout the water.<br/> (c) A potassium permanganate crystal is in a beaker and water is poured into the beaker with stirring. <br/> (d) An acetone bottle is left open and the bottle becomes empty. <br/> (e) Milk is churned to separate cream from it. <br/> (f) Settling of sand when a mixture of sand and water is left undisturbed for some time. <br/> (g) Fine beam of light entering through a small hole in a dark room, illuminates the particles in its paths.",
          "ans": "(a)	 Sublimation	<br/> (b) Diffusion	<br/> (c) Dissolution/diffusion <br/> (d) Evaporation, diffusion <br/> (e) Centrifugation <br/> (f)	 Sedimentation <br/> (g) Scattering of light (Tyndall effect)",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 25,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "You are given two samples of water labelled as ‘A’ and ‘B’. Sample ‘A’ boils at 100°C and sample ‘B’ boils at 102°C. Which sample of water will not freeze at 0°C? Comment.*",
          "ans": "Sample ‘B’ will not freeze at 0°C because it is not pure water. At 1 atm, the boiling point of pure water is 100°C and the freezing point of pure water is 0°C.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 26,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the favourable qualities given to gold when it is alloyed with copper or silver for the purpose of making ornaments?*",
          "ans": "Pure gold is very soft as compared to gold alloyed with silver or copper. Thus for providing strength to gold, it is alloyed.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 27,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "An element is sonorous and highly ductile. Under which category would you classify this element? What other characteristics do you expect the element to possess?*",
          "ans": "This element is a metal. Other characteristics expected to be possessed by the element are lustre, malleability, heat and electrical conductivity.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 28,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give an example each for the mixture having the following characteristics. Suggest a suitable method to separate the components of these mixtures* <br/> (a) A volatile and a non-volatile component. <br/> (b) Two volatile components with appreciable difference in boiling points. <br/> (c) Two immiscible liquids.<br/> (d) One of the components changes directly from solid to gaseous state. <br/> (e) Two or more coloured constituents soluble in some solvent.",
          "ans": "(a) Evaporation or distillation	<br/> (b) Distillation <br/> (c) Separation by using <br/> separating funnel <br/> (d) Sublimation <br/> (e)	 Chromatography",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 29,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Sucrose (sugar) crystals obtained from sugarcane and beetroot are mixed together. Will it be a pure substance or a mixture? Give reasons for the same.*",
          "ans": "It is a pure substance because chemical composition ofsugar crystalsissame irrespective of its source.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 30,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give some examples of Tyndall effect observed in your surroundings.*",
          "ans": "<b>Hint :</b> Tyndall effect can be seen when light passes through a heterogeneous mixture, e.g. when sunlight passes through the canopy of a dense forest.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 31,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Can we separate alcohol dissolved in water by using a separating funnel? If yes, then describe the procedure. If not, explain.*",
          "ans": "<b>Hint :</b> Water and alcohol are miscible. So they cannot be separated using a separating funnel.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 32,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Non-metals are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity. They are non-lustrous, non-sonorous, non-malleable and are coloured.* <br/> (a) Name a lustrous non-metal. <br/> (b) Name a non-metal which exists as a liquid at room temperature. <br/> (c) The allotropic form of a non-metal is a good conductor of electricity. Name the allotrope. <br/> (d) Name a non-metal which is known to form the largest number of compounds. <br/> (e) Name a non-metal other than carbon which shows allotropy. <br/> (f) Name a non-metal which is required for combustion.",
          "ans": "(a) Iodine <br/> (b) Bromine <br/> (c)	 Graphite <br/> (d) Carbon <br/> (e) Sulphur, phosphorus <br/> (f) Oxygen",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 33,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Classify the substances given in Fig. 2.2 into elements and compounds.*",
          "ans": "(a) Iodine <br/> (b) Bromine <br/> (c)	 Graphite <br/> (d) Carbon <br/> (e) Sulphur, phosphorus <br/> (f) Oxygen",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 34,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Elements",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Cu",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Zn",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "F<sub>2</sub>",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "O<sub>2</sub>",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Diamond (carbon)",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Hg",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Compounds",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "CaCO<sub>3</sub>",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "H<sub>2</sub>O",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Nacl",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch2a4.jpg",
            "width": "350",
            "height": "202"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which of the following are not compounds?* <br/> (a) Chlorine gas (b) Potassium chloride (c) Iron (d) Iron sulphide (e) Aluminium (f) Iodine (g) Carbon (h) Carbon monoxide (i) Sulphur powder",
          "ans": "Chlorine gas, Iron, Aluminium, Iodine, Carbon, Sulphur powder.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 35,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "(a) Under which category of mixtures will you classify alloys and why?* <br/> (b) A solution is always a liquid. Comment.* <br/> (c) Can a solution be heterogeneous?*",
          "ans": "<b>Hint:</b> (a)  Homogenous mixture, because they have a uniform composition throughout <br/> (b) No, solid solutions and gaseous solutions are also possible, e.g. brass and air <br/> (c) No, solution is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 36,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A child wanted to separate the mixture of dyes constituting a sample of ink. He marked a line by the ink on the filter paper and placed the filter paper in a glass containing water as shown in Fig. 2.3. The filter paper was removed when the water moved near the top of the filter paper.* <br/> (i) What would you expect to see, if the ink contains three different coloured components? <br/> (ii) Name the technique used by the child. <br/> (iii) Suggest one more application of this technique.",
          "ans": "Hint : (i) Three different bands will be observed. <br/> (ii)	Chromatography <br/> (iii) To separate the pigments present in Chlorophyll.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 37,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch2a5.jpg",
            "width": "296",
            "height": "252"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch2a6.jpg",
            "width": "181",
            "height": "134"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A group of students took an old shoebox and covered it with a black paper from all sides. They fixed a source of light (a torch) at one end of the box by making a hole in it and made another hole on the other side to view the light. They placed a milk sample contained in a beaker/tumbler in the box as shown in Fig. 2.4. They were amazed to see that milk taken in the tumbler was illuminated. They tried the same activity by taking a salt solution but found that light simply passed through it.* <br/> (a) Explain why the milk sample was illuminated. Name the phenomenon involved. <br/> (b) Same results were not observed with a salt solution. Explain. <br/> (c) Can you suggest two more solutions which would show the same effect as shown by the milk solution?",
          "ans": "(a) Milk is a colloid and would show Tyndall effect. <br/> (b) Salt solution is a true solution and would not scatter light. <br/> (c)	 Detergent solution, sulphur solution.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 38,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch2a7.jpg",
            "width": "356",
            "height": "218"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Classify each of the following as a physical or a chemical change. Give reasons.* <br/> (a) Drying of a shirt in the sun. <br/> (b) Rising of hot air over a radiator. <br/> (c) Burning of kerosene in a lantern. <br/> (d) Change in the colour of black tea on adding lemon juice to it. <br/> (e) Churning of milk cream to get butter. ",
          "ans": "<b>Hint :</b> Physical changes — (a), (b), (e) <br/> Chemical changes — (c), (d)",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 39,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "You are provided with a mixture containing sand, iron filings, ammonium chloride and sodium chloride. Describe the procedures you would use to separate these constituents from the mixture.*",
          "ans": "<b>Hint :</b> <br/> Step-1: Separate iron filings with the help of a magnet. <br/> Step-2: Sublimation of the remaining mixture separates ammonium chloride. <br/> Step-3: Add water to the remaining mixture, stir and filter. <br/> Step-4: The filtrate can be evaporated to get back sodium chloride.",
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 40,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Arun has prepared 0.01% (by mass) solution of sodium chloride in water. Which of the following correctly represents the composition of the solutions?* <br/> (a) 1.00 g of NaCl + 100 g of water <br/> (b) 0.11g of NaCl + 100 g of water <br/> (c) 0.01 g of NaCl + 99.99 g of water <br/> (d) 0.10 g of NaCl + 99.90 g of water",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ", 
          "options": null,
          "val": 41,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch2a8.jpg",
            "width": "414",
            "height": "67"
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
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      [],
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      [],
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      [],
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      [],
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      [],
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      [],
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      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
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      [],
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      [],
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      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 9",
    "co": "ch2_co",
    "fib": "ch2_fib",
    "mcq": "ch2_mcq",
    "nf": "ch2_nf",
    "yn": "ch2_yn",
    "un": "ch2_un",
    "dtf": "ch2_dtf",
    "afq": "ch2_afq",
    "jtf": "ch2_jtf",
    "ctt": "ch2_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch2_ctco",
    "laq": "ch2_laq",
    "afow": "ch2_afow",
    "snc": "ch2_snc",
    "vsaq": "ch2_vsaq",
    "pbq": "ch2_pbq",
    "mtf": "ch2_mtf",
    "saq": "ch2_saq",
    "cs": "ch2_cs",
    "map": "ch2_map",
    "gowf": "ch2_gowf",
    "tf": "ch2_tf",
    "grf": "ch2_grf",
    "arbq": "ch2_arbq",
    "cbq": "ch2_cbq"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch3",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 3 - Atoms and Molecules",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "One atomic mass unit is equal to ______________________.*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a4.jpg",
            "width": "169",
            "height": "27"
          },
          "options": [
            "ch3a4.jpg",
            "ch3a5.jpg",
            "(c) none of these"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Chemical formula of calcium oxide is*",
          "ans": "(c) CaO",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Ca<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>",
            "(b) Ca<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>",
            "(c) CaO",
            "(d) CaO<sub>2</sub>"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The number of moles in 2.4 g of Mg is*",
          "ans": "(d) 0.1",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 1",
            "(b) 0.2",
            "(c) 0.3",
            "(d) 0.1"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> is the formulae of*",
          "ans": "(c) aluminium sulphate",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) potassium sulphate",
            "(b) calcium carbonate",
            "(c) aluminium sulphate",
            "(d) potassium nitrate"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Chemical symbol for sodium is ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(c) Na",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) So",
            "(b) Sd",
            "(c) Na",
            "(d) all of these"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Mass of one atom of oxygen is ______________________.*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a5.jpg",
            "width": "199",
            "height": "30"
          },
          "options": [
            "ch3a4.jpg",
            "ch3a5.jpg",
            "(c) 6.09×10<sup>22</sup>",
            "(d) 6.022 × 10<sup>21</sup>"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "3.42 g of glucose is dissolved in 18 g of water in a beaker. The no. of oxygen atoms in solution is*",
          "ans": "(a) 6.68 × 10<sup>23</sup>",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 6.68 × 10<sup>23</sup>",
            "(b) 6.622 × 10<sup>22</sup>",
            "(c) 6.09 × 10<sup>21</sup>",
            "(d) none of these"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following correctly represents 360 g of water?* <br/> (i) 2 moles of H<sub>2</sub>O <br/> (ii) 20 moles of water <br/> (iii) 6.022 × 10<sup>23</sup> molecules of water <br/> (iv) 1.2044×10<sup>25</sup> molecules of water",
          "ans": "(d) (ii) and (iv)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i) ",
            "(b) (i) and (iv)",
            "(c) (ii) and (iii)",
            "(d) (ii) and (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following statements is not true about an atom?*",
          "ans": "(a) Atoms are not able to exist independently",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Atoms are not able to exist independently",
            "(b) Atoms are the basic units from which molecules and ions are formed",
            "(c) Atoms are always neutral in nature",
            "(d) Atoms aggregate in large numbers to form the matter that we can see, feel or touch"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The chemical symbol for nitrogen gas is*",
          "ans": "(b) N<sub>2</sub>",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Ni ",
            "(b) N<sub>2</sub>",
            "(c) N<sup>+</sup>",
            "(d) N"
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following would weigh the most?*",
          "ans": "(c) 2 moles of CaCO<sub>3</sub>",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 0.2 mole of sucrose (C<sub>12</sub> H<sub>22</sub> O<sub>11</sub>) ",
            "(b) 2 moles of CO<sub>2</sub>",
            "(c) 2 moles of CaCO<sub>3</sub>",
            "(d) 10 moles of H<sub>2</sub>O"
          ],
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following has maximum number of atoms?*",
          "ans": "(d) 18 g of CH<sub>4</sub>",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 18 g of H<sub>2</sub>O",
            "(b) 18 g of O<sub>2</sub>",
            "(c) 18 g of CO<sub>2</sub>",
            "(d) 18 g of CH<sub>4</sub>"
          ],
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following contains maximum number of molecules?*",
          "ans": "(c) 1 g N<sub>2</sub>",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 1 g CO<sub>2</sub>",
            "(b) 1 g N<sub>2</sub>",
            "(c) 1 g N<sub>2</sub>",
            "(d) 1 g CH<sub>4</sub>"
          ],
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "3.42 g of sucrose is dissolved in 18 g of water in a beaker. The number of oxygen atoms in the solution are*",
          "ans": "(a) 6.68 × 10<sub>23</sub>",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 6.68 × 10<sub>23</sub>",
            "(b) 6.09 × 10<sub>22</sub>",
            "(c) 6.022 × 10<sub>23</sub>",
            "(d) 6.022 × 10<sub>21</sub>"
          ],
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A change in the physical state can be brought about* ",
          "ans": "(c) when energy is either given to or taken out from the system",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) only when energy is given to the system",
            "(b) only when energy is taken out from the system",
            "(c) when energy is either given to or taken out from the system",
            "(d) without any energy change"
          ],
          "val": 15
        },
        
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Molecular weight of lead nitrate is __________________.",
          "ans": "331.2 g/mole",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Laws of chemical combination were given by __________________.",
          "ans": "Lavoisier",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "__________________ gave important postulates for an atom.",
          "ans": "John Dalton",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "__________________ in 1808 provided the first atomic theorey based on generalisation of laws of chemical composition.",
          "ans": "John Dalton",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Ration of H and O in water is __________________.",
          "ans": "2 : 1",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Cations are __________________ ions",
          "ans": "positively charged",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "__________________ gave symbols for elements.",
          "ans": "Dalton",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The chemical names of elements are approved by __________________.",
          "ans": "IUPAC",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "__________________ was an important concept proposed by Dalton.",
          "ans": "Atomic mass",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "CH<sub>4</sub> is called __________________.",
          "ans": "methane",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The chemical formula of calcium oxide is __________________.",
          "ans": "CaO",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "6.022 × 10<sub>23</sub> is known as __________________.",
          "ans": "Avogadro constant",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "M stands for __________________.",
          "ans": "Molar Mass",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "N stands for __________________.",
          "ans": "number of particles",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In a chemical reaction, the sum of the masses of the reactants and products remains unchanged. This is called __________________.",
          "ans": "Law of conservation of mass",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A group of atoms carrying a fixed charge on them is called __________________.",
          "ans": "Polyatomic ion",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The formula unit mass of Ca<sub>3</sub> (PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> is ____________________________________.",
          "ans": "(3 × atomic mass of Ca) + (2 × atomic mass of phosphorus) + (8 × atomic mass of oxygen) = 310.",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The formula unit mass of Ca<sub>3</sub> (PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> is ____________________________________.",
          "ans": "N<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>; (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 18
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Calculate the mass of hydrogen in 10 g ammonia.",
          "ans": "3 moles of hydrogen in 1 mole of ammonia = 3 g : 17 g <br/> X = 10 g = 30 = 17 X <br/> X = 10 g = 30 = 17 X",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give two points of difference between atom and molecule.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Atom",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• Generally, it is highly reactive.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• It cannot be subdivided.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Molecule",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• It is less reactive.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• It can be subdivided.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How many atoms are present in <br/> (a) Ammonia molecule <br/> (b) Carbon dioxide <br/> (c) Sulphuric acid",
          "ans": "(a) NH<sub>3</sub> — There are one atom of Nitrogen and 3 atoms of Hydrogen. <br/> (b)	 CO<sub>2</sub> — There are one atom of Carbon and 2 atoms of Oxygen. <br/> (c) H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> — 2 atoms of Hydrogen, one of sulphur and 4 of Oxygen.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why is it not possible to see an atom with naked eyes?",
          "ans": "Because of its extremly small size, atomic radius is roughly 10<sup>–10</sup> m.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give Latin names of Copper, Gold, Iron, Lead, Potassium, Silver, Sodium.",
          "ans": "Copper – Cuprum,	 Gold – Aurum	 Lead – Plumbum,	 Iron – Ferrum,  Potassium – Kalium,	 Silver – Argentum,	 Sodium – Natrium",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write down the chemical formula of calcium bicarbonate, carbon tetrachloride, calcium hydroxide.",
          "ans": "Ca(HCO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> , CCl<sub>4</sub>, Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write down the chemical formula of Aluminium chloride, Sodium Carbonate, Ammonium Sulphate.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a1.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "53"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Calculate the no. of moles in 26 g He.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a2.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "44"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Calculate the number of oxygen atoms in 0.2 moles of Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>.10H<sub>2</sub>O.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a3.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "125"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the following compounds. <br/> Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, CaCl<sub>2</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, KNO<sub>3</sub>, CaCO<sub>3</sub>",
          "ans": "Aluminium Sulphate, Calcium Chloride, Potassium Sulphate, Potassium Nitrate, Calcium Carbonate.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which of the following represents a correct chemical formula? Name it.* <br/> (a) CaCl <br/> (b) BiPO<sub>4</sub> <br/> (c) NaSO<sub>4</sub> <br/> (d) NaS",
          "ans": "(b)	 BiPO<sub>4</sub> — Both ions are trivalent <br/> Bismuth phosphate",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write the molecular formulae for the following compounds :* <br/> (a) Copper (II) bromide <br/> (b) Aluminium (III) nitrate <br/> (c) Calcium (II) phosphate <br/> (d) Iron (III) sulphide <br/> (e) Mercury (II) chloride <br/> (f) Magnesium (II) acetate",
          "ans": "(a) CuBr<sub>2</sub> (b) Al(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (c) Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> <br/> (d) Fe<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> <br/> (e) HgCl<sub>2</sub> <br/> (f) Mg(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write the molecular formulae of all the compounds that can be formed by the combination of the following ions:",
          "ans": "CuCl<sub>2</sub> CuSO<sub>4</sub>, <br/> Cu<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> , Na<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> <br/>  NaCl, NO<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch3a8.jpg",
            "width": "257",
            "height": "29"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write the cations and anions present (if any) in the following compounds :* <br/> (a) CH<sub>3</sub>COONa <br/> (b) NaCl <br/> (c) H<sub>2</sub> <br/> (d) NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a9.jpg",
            "width": "333",
            "height": "102"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give the formulae of the compounds formed from the following sets of elements :* <br/> (a) Calcium and fluorine <br/> (b) Hydrogen and sulphur <br/> (c) Nitrogen and hydrogen <br/> (d) Carbon and chlorine <br/> (e) Sodium and oxygen <br/> (f) Carbon and oxygen",
          "ans": "(a) CaF<sub>2</sub> <br/> (b) H<sub>2</sub>S <br/> (c) NH<sub>3</sub> (d) CCl<sub>4</sub> <br/> (e) Na<sub>2</sub>O <br/> (f) CO, CO<sub>2</sub>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which of the following symbols of elements are incorrect? Give their correct symbols :* <br/> (a) Cobalt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CO <br/> (b) Carbon &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c <br/> (c) Aluminium &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; AL <br/> (d) Helium &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He <br/> (e) Sodium &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; So",
          "ans": "(a)	 Incorrect, the correct symbol of cobalt is Co <br/> (b) Incorrect, the correct symbol of carbon is C <br/> (c) Incorrect, the correct symbol of aluminium is Al <br/> (d) Correct (He) <br/> (e)	 Incorrect, the correct symbol of sodium is Na",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give the chemical formulae for the following compounds and compute the ratio by mass of the combining elements in each one of them. (You may use appendix-III).* <br/> (a) Ammonia <br/> (b) Carbon monoxide <br/> (c) Hydrogen chloride <br/> (d) Aluminium fluoride <br/> (e) Magnesium sulphide",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a10.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "60"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "State the number of atoms present in each of the following chemical species :*",
          "ans": " (a)	 4	 (b)	 5	 (c)	 7	 (d)	 2",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch3a11.jpg",
            "width": "405",
            "height": "56"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the fraction of the mass of water due to neutrons?*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a12.jpg",
            "width": "400",
            "height": "207"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Does the solubility of a substance change with temperature? Explain with the help of an example.*",
          "ans": "Yes, it is a temperature-dependent property. The solubility, generally, increases with increase in temperature. For example, you can dissolve more sugar in hot water than in cold water.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Classify each of the following on the basis of their atomicity.* <br/> (a) F<sub>2</sub> <br/> (b) NO<sub>2</sub> <br/> (c) N<sub>2</sub>O <br/> (d) C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> <br/> (e) P<sub>4</sub> <br/> (f) H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> <br/> (g) P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub> <br/> (H) O<sub>3</sub> <br/> (i) HCl <br/> (j) CH<sub>4</sub> <br/> (k) He <br/> (l) Ag",
          "ans": "(a) 2	<br/> (b)	 3 <br/>	 (c)	 3 <br/>	 (d)	 8	<br/> (e)	 4	<br/> (f)	 4	<br/> (g)	 14 <br/> (h) 3 <br/> (i) 2 <br/> (j) 5 <br/> (k)	 1 (Noble gases do not combine and exist as monoatomic gases). <br/> (l)	 Polyatomic. It is difficult to talk about the atomicity of metals as any measurable quantity will contain millions of atoms bound by metallic bond (about which you will learn later).",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "You are provided with a fine white coloured powder which is either sugar or salt. How would you identify it without tasting?*",
          "ans": "On heating the powder, it will char if it is sugar. <br/> Alternatively, the powder may be dissolved in water and checked for its conduction of electricity. If it conducts, it is salt.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 22,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Calculate the number of moles of magnesium present in a magnesium ribbon weighing 12 g. Molar atomic mass of magnesium is 24g mol<sup>–1</sup>.*",
          "ans": "On heating the powder, it will char if it is sugar. <br/> Alternatively, the powder may be dissolved in water and checked for its conduction of electricity. If it conducts, it is salt.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 23,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a13.jpg",
            "width": "273",
            "height": "43"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Verify by calculating that* <br/> (a) 5 moles of CO<sub>2</sub> and 5 moles of H<sub>2</sub>O do not have the same mass. <br/> (b) 240 g of calcium and 240 g of magnesium elements have a mole ratio of 3:5.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 24,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a14.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "197"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Find the ratio by mass of the combining elements in the following compounds. (You may use Appendix-III.)* <br/> (a) CaCO<sub>3</sub> <br/> (b) MgCl<sub>2</sub> <br/> (c) H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> <br/> (d) C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH <br/> (e) NH<sub>3</sub> <br/> (f) Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 25,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a15.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "152"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Calcium chloride when dissolved in water dissociates into its ions according to the following equation.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 26,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch3a16.jpg",
            "width": "606",
            "height": "54"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a17.jpg",
            "width": "603",
            "height": "162"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "The difference in the mass of 100 moles each of sodium atoms and sodium ions is 5.48002 g. Compute the mass of an electron.*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 27,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a18.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "128"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Cinnabar (HgS) is a prominent ore of mercury. How many grams of mercury are present in 225 g of pure HgS? Molar mass of Hg and S are 200.6 g mol<sup>–1</sup> and 32 g mol<sup>–1</sup> respectively.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 28,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a19.jpg",
            "width": "400",
            "height": "104"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "The mass of one steel screw is 4.11 g. Find the mass of one mole of these steel screws. Compare this value with the mass of the Earth (5.98 × 10<sup>24</sup> kg). Which one of the two is heavier and by how many times?*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 29,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a20.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "101"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A sample of vitamic C is known to contain 2.58 × 10<sup>24</sup> oxygen atoms. How many moles of oxygen atoms are present in the sample?*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 30,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a21.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "104"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "The visible universe is estimated to contain 10<sup>22</sup> stars. How many moles of stars are present in the visible universe?*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 31,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a22.jpg",
            "width": "436",
            "height": "43"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Express each of the following in kilograms :* <br/> (a) 5.84×10<sup>–3</sup> mg <br/> (b) 58.34 g <br/> (c) 0.584 g <br/> (d) 5.873 × 10<sup>–21</sup> g",
          "ans": "(a) 5.84 × 10<sup>–9</sup> kg <br/> (b) 5.834 × 10<sup>–2</sup> kg <br/> (c) 5.84 × 10<sup>–4</sup> kg <br/> (d) 5.873 × 10<sup>–24</sup> kg",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 32,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Compute the number of ions present in 5.85 g of sodium chloride.*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 33,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a23.jpg",
            "width": "390",
            "height": "181"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A gold sample contains 90% of gold and the rest copper. How many atoms of gold are present in one gram of this sample of gold?*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 34,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a24.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "129"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A silver ornament of mass ‘m’ gram is polished with gold equivalent to 1% of the mass of silver. Compute the ratio of the number of atoms of gold and silver in the ornament.*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 35,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a25.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "267"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A sample of ethane (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>) gas has the same mass as 1.5 ×10<sup>20</sup> molecules of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). How many C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> molecules does the sample of gas contain?*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 36,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a26.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "174"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Complete the following crossword puzzle (Fig. 3.1) by using the name of the chemical elements. Use the data given in Table",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 37,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch3a27.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "528"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a28.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "306"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In this crossword puzzle (Fig. 3.2), names of 11 elements are hidden. Symbols of these are given below. Complete the puzzle.*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 38,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch3a29.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "345"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a30.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "339"
          }
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 9",
    "co": "ch3_co",
    "fib": "ch3_fib",
    "mcq": "ch3_mcq",
    "nf": "ch3_nf",
    "yn": "ch3_yn",
    "un": "ch3_un",
    "dtf": "ch3_dtf",
    "afq": "ch3_afq",
    "jtf": "ch3_jtf",
    "ctt": "ch3_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch3_ctco",
    "laq": "ch3_laq",
    "afow": "ch3_afow",
    "snc": "ch3_snc",
    "vsaq": "ch3_vsaq",
    "pbq": "ch3_pbq",
    "mtf": "ch3_mtf",
    "saq": "ch3_saq",
    "cs": "ch3_cs",
    "map": "ch3_map",
    "gowf": "ch3_gowf",
    "tf": "ch3_tf",
    "grf": "ch3_grf",
    "arbq": "ch3_arbq",
    "cbq": "ch3_cbq"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch4",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 4 - Structure of Atom",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": " ______________________ is not sub atomic particle of an atom.",
          "ans": "(d) Neutrino",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Electron",
            "(b) Proton",
            "(c) Neutron",
            "(d) Neutrino"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Chlorine has the electronic configuration as ______________________.",
          "ans": "(c) 2, 8, 7",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 2, 8, 8",
            "(b) 2, 8, 1",
            "(c) 2, 8, 7",
            "(d) 2, 8, 6"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Mass (m) of neutron is ______________________.",
          "ans": "(c) 1.675 × 10<sup>–24</sup> g",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 1.675",
            "(b) 1.675 × 10<sup>24</sup> g",
            "(c) 1.675 × 10<sup>–24</sup> g",
            "(d) 9.58 × 10<sup>4</sup>"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Rutherford’s α-particle scattering experiment was responsible for the discovery of",
          "ans": "(a) atomic nucleus",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) atomic nucleus",
            "(b) electron",
            "(c) proton",
            "(d) neutron"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Electronic configuration of sodium is",
          "ans": "(b) 2, 8, 1",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 2, 8",
            "(b) 2, 8, 1",
            "(c) 2, 1, 8",
            "(d) 8, 2, 1"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Number of electron in magnesium is ______________________.",
          "ans": "(d) 12",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 9",
            "(b) 10",
            "(c) 11",
            "(d) 12"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following correctly represent the electronic distribution in the Mg atom?*",
          "ans": "(d) Neutrino",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 3, 8, 1",
            "(b) 2, 8, 2",
            "(c) 1, 8, 3",
            "(d) 8, 2, 2"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Rutherford’s ‘alpha (α) particles scattering experiment’ resulted into discovery of*",
          "ans": "(b) Proton",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Electron",
            "(b) Proton",
            "(c) Nucleus in the atom",
            "(d) Atomic mass"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The number of electrons in an element X is 15 and the number of neutrons is 16. Which of the following is the correct representation of the element?*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch4a5.jpg",
            "width": "78",
            "height": "42"
          },
          "options": [
            "ch4a3.jpg",
            "ch4a4.jpg",
            "ch4a5.jpg",
            "ch4a6.jpg"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Dalton’s atomic theory successfully explained* <br/> (i) Law of conservation of mass <br/> (ii) Law of constant composition <br/> (iii) Law of radioactivity <br/> (iv) Law of multiple proportion",
          "ans": "(d) (i), (ii) and (iv)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)",
            "(b) (i), (iii) and (iv)",
            "(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv)",
            "(d) (i), (ii) and (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following statements about Rutherford’s model of atom are correct?* <br/> (i) considered the nucleus as positively charged <br/> (ii) established that the α-particles are four times as heavy as a hydrogen atom <br/> (iii) can be compared to solar system <br/> (iv) was in agreement with Thomson’s model",
          "ans": "(a) (i) and (iii)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i) and (iii)",
            "(b) (ii) and (iii)",
            "(c) (i) and (iv)",
            "(d) only (i)"
          ],
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following are true for an element?* <br/> (i) Atomic number = number of protons + number of electrons <br/> (ii) Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons <br/> (iii) Atomic mass = number of protons = number of neutrons <br/> (iv) Atomic number = number of protons = number of electrons",
          "ans": "(d) (ii) and (iv)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i) and (ii)",
            "(b) (i) and (iii)",
            "(c) (ii) and (iii)",
            "(d) (ii) and (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In the Thomson’s model of atom, which of the following statments are correct?* <br/> (i) the mass of the atom is assumed to be uniformaly distributed over the atom <br/> (ii) the positive charge is assumed to be uniformaly distributed over the atom <br/> (iii) the electrons are uniformaly distributed in the positively charged sphere <br/> (iv) the electrons attract each other to stabilise the atom",
          "ans": "(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)",
            "(b) (i) and (iii)",
            "(c) (i) and (iv)",
            "(d) (i), (iii) and (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Rutherford’s α-particle scattering experiment showed that* <br/> (i) electrons have negative charge <br/> (ii) the mass and positive charge of the atom are concentrated in the nucleus <br/> (iii) the mass and positive charge of the atom are concentrated in the nucleus <br/> (iv) most of the space in atom is empty <br/> most of the space in atom is empty",
          "ans": "(b) (ii) and (iv)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i) and (iii)",
            "(b) (ii) and (iv)",
            "(c) (i) and (iv)",
            "(d) (iii) and (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The ion of an element has 3 positive charges. Mass number of the atom is 27 and the number of neutrons is 14. What is the number of electrons in the ion?*",
          "ans": "(a) 13",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 13",
            "(b) 10",
            "(c) 14",
            "(d) 16"
          ],
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Identify the Mg<sup>2+</sup> ion from Fig. 4.1 where, n and p represent the number of neutrons and protons respectively.*",
          "ans": "(d) Neutrino",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch4a7.jpg",
            "width": "196",
            "height": "183"
          },
          "options": [
            "ch4a7.jpg",
            "ch4a8.jpg",
            "ch4a9.jpg",
            "ch4a10.jpg"
          ],
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In a sample of ethyl ethanoate (CH<sub>3</sub>COOC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>), the two oxygen atoms have the same number of electrons but different number of neutrons. Which of the following is the correct reason for it?*",
          "ans": "(c) The two oxygen atoms are isotopes",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) One of the oxygen atoms has gained electrons",
            "(b) One of the oxygen atoms has gained two neutrons",
            "(c) The two oxygen atoms are isotopes",
            "(d) The two oxygen atoms are isobars."
          ],
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Elements with valency 1 are*",
          "ans": "(a) always metals",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) always metals",
            "(b) always metalloids",
            "(c) either metals or non-metals",
            "(d) always non-metals"
          ],
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The first model of an atom was given by*",
          "ans": "(d) J.J. Thomson",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) N. Bohr",
            "(b) E. Goldstein",
            "(c) Rutherford",
            "(d) J.J. Thomson"
          ],
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "An atom with 3 protons and 4 neutrons will have a valency of*",
          "ans": "(c) 1",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 3",
            "(b) 7",
            "(c) 1",
            "(d) 4"
          ],
          "val": 20
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The electron distribution in an aluminium atom is*",
          "ans": "(a) 2, 8, 3",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 2, 8, 3",
            "(b) 2, 8, 2",
            "(c) 8, 2, 3",
            "(d) 2, 3, 8"
          ],
          "val": 21
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following in Fig. 4.2 do not represent Bohr’s model of an atom correctly?*",
          "ans": "(c) (ii) and (iv)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch4a11.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "95"
          },
          "options": [
            "(a) (i) and (ii)",
            "(b) (ii) and (iii)",
            "(c) (ii) and (iv)",
            "(d) (i) and (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 22
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following statements is always correct?*",
          "ans": "(a) An atom has equal number of electrons and neutrons.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) An atom has equal number of electrons and neutrons.",
            "(b) An atom has equal number of electrons and neutrons.",
            "(c) An atom has equal number of electrons and neutrons.",
            "(d) An atom has equal number of electrons, protons and neutrons."
          ],
          "val": 23
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Atomic models have been improved over the years. Arrange the following atomic models in the order of their chronological order* <br/> (i) Rutherford’s atomic model <br/> (ii) Thomson’s atomic model <br/> (iii) Bohr’s atomic model",
          "ans": "(c) (ii), (i) and (iii)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)",
            "(b) (ii), (iii) and (i)",
            "(c) (ii), (i) and (iii)",
            "(d) (iii), (ii) and (i)"
          ],
          "val": 24
        } 
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Electrons were discovered by  __________________.",
          "ans": "J.J. Thomson",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Canal rays were discovered by  __________________.",
          "ans": "E. Goldstein",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "An atom has __________________ charge.",
          "ans": "neutral",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The plum pudding model of atom was given by __________________.",
          "ans": " J.J. Thomson",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "__________________ discovered the nucleus with his __________________ experiment using __________________.",
          "ans": "Rutherford; gold foil; a-particles",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Bohr’s atomic model gave the concept of __________________ or __________________ for an electron.",
          "ans": "electron orbits; energy levels",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "K-shell can accommodate maximum of __________________ electrons.",
          "ans": "2",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Outermost orbit can accommodate maximum of __________________ electrons.",
          "ans": "8",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The number of electrons in a shell is given by the maximum formula __________________, where n is orbit number.",
          "ans": "2n<sup>2</sup>",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "According to __________________ scheme, outermost orbit can accommodate maximum electrons.",
          "ans": "Bohr-Bury;",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Elements with zero valency are __________________.",
          "ans": "noble gases	",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Depending on valency, an element can form __________________ or __________________ bond.",
          "ans": "ionic; covalent",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Electrons are represented as __________________.",
          "ans": "e",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Neutrons are represented as __________________.",
          "ans": "n",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The fundamental particles which are equally present in an atom are __________________ and __________________.",
          "ans": "protons; electrons",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Isobars have same number of __________________.",
          "ans": "nucleons",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Isotopes of an element have different number of __________________.",
          "ans": "neutrons",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Rutherford’s α-particle scattering experiment led to the discovery of the __________________.",
          "ans": "atomic nucleus",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Isotopes have same __________________ but different __________________.",
          "ans": "atomic number; mass number",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Neon and chlorine have atomic numbers 10 and 17 respectively. Their valencies will be __________________ and __________________ respectively.",
          "ans": "0; 1",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 20
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The electronic configuration of silicon is __________________ and that of sulphur is __________________.",
          "ans": "2, 8, 4; 2, 8, 6",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 21
        },
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Match the Following.",
          "qus": "Match the names of the Scientists given in column I with their contributions towards the understanding of the atomic structure as given in column II.*",
          "ans": "1. (c),	 2.	 (d),	 3.	 (a),	 4.	 (b),	 5.	 (f),	 6.	 (g),	 7.	 (e)",
          "code": "MTF",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [
            {
              "image": "Column I",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Ernest Rutherford",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. J.J. Thomson",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Dalton",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Neils Bohr",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "5. James Chadwick",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "6. E. Goldstein",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "7. Mosley",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option2": [
            {
              "image": "Column II",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) Indivisibility of atoms",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) Stationary orbits",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) Concept of nucleus",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(d) Discovery of electrons",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(e) Atomic number",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(f) Neutron",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(g) Canal rays",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option3": [
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option4": [
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why does a comb attract pieces of paper after it has been run through dry hair?",
          "ans": "Due to static electricity.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write two points of difference between proton and neutron.",
          "ans": "Due to static electricity.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Proton",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Proton is a positively charged subatomic particle found in an atom.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Protons are positively charged.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Protons weigh 1.672 × 10<sup>–27</sup> kg.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Protons are a part of nuclear reactions.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Neutron",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Neutrons are found in the nucleus; they belong to the group of nucleons.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Neutrons are neutral.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Neutrons weigh more than protons.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Neutrons only get exposed to nuclear reactions.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain Thomson’s model of an atom with diagram.",
          "ans": "(i)	 According to Thomson, an atom may be regarded as uniform sphere of positive charge in which negatively charged electrons are embedded like the seed in a watermelon. <br/> (ii) The total positive charge is equal to total negative charge of all the electrons so that atom on the whole is electrically neutral.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch4a1.jpg",
            "width": "229",
            "height": "93"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Draw the electronic configurations of the following : <br/> 1. Lithium : <br/> 2. Neon : <br/> 3. Aluminium : <br/> 4. Silicon : <br/> 5. Beryllium : <br/> 6. Fluorine :",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch4a2.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "357"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write the valencies of Helium, Lithium, Flourine, Magnesium, Chlorine, Oxygen, Aluminium.",
          "ans": "0, +1, –1, +2, –1, –2, +3.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How would you identify metals from their valencies?",
          "ans": "Metals have valencies +1, +2 or +3.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why do non-metals have valency –1, –2 or –3?",
          "ans": " Because they accept 1, 2 or 3 electrons to complete their octat.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define Mass number.",
          "ans": "It is the sum of number of protons and neutrons presents is the nucleus of an atom. It is denoted by the symbol ‘A’.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define Atomic number.",
          "ans": " It represents the number of protons in an atom. It is denoted by the symbol ‘Z’.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "<sub>14</sub>X<sup>28</sup> – is an element. Answer the questions. <br/> (i) What does 14 indicate? <br/> (ii) What does 28 indicate? <br/> (iii) Find the number of neutrons.",
          "ans": "(i) A – 14 indicates the atomic number of X. <br/> (ii) A – 28 indicates the mass number of X. <br/> (iii)	A – Number of neutrons 28 – 14 = 14",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define : Isobars, Isotopes and Isotones.",
          "ans": "<b>(i) Isobars :</b> Atoms of different elements that have same numbers of nucleus or same mass number but different atomic numbers are called isobars. <br/> <b>(ii) Isotopes :</b> Atoms of the same element having same atomic number but different mass number are called isotopes. <br/> <b>(iii) Isotones :</b> One of two or more atoms whose nuclei have the same number of neutrons but different protons.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain why elements have fractional atomic masses.",
          "ans": "The atomic masses of most elements are fractional because they exist as a mixture of isotopes of different masses. Most elements occur as a mixture of isotopes of different masses. The fractional atomic masses arise because of this mixture.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Is it possible for the atom of an element to have one electron, one proton and no neutron. If so, name the element.*",
          "ans": "Yes, it is true for hydrogen atom which is represented as <sup>1</sup><sub>1</sub> H",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write any two observations which support the fact that atoms are divisible.*",
          "ans": "•  Formation of ionic compounds is possible due to the formation of ions which involves the transfer of electrons. <br/> <b>Hint :</b> Discovery of electrons and protons.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Will <sup>35</sup>Cl and <sup>37</sup>Cl have different valencies? Justify your answer.*",
          "ans": "They have same number of electrons, so same valency. <br/> <b>Hint :</b> No, <sup>35</sup>Cl and 37Cl are isotopes of an element.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why did Rutherford select a gold foil in his α-ray scattering experiment?*",
          "ans": "So one atom thick foil can be made. <br/> <b>Hint :</b> Gold has high malleability",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Find out the valency of the atoms represented by Fig. 4.3 (a) and (b).*",
          "ans": "(a) 0	 (b)	 –1",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch4a12.jpg",
            "width": "358",
            "height": "154"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "One electron is present in the outer most shell of the atom of an element X. What would be the nature and value of charge on the ion formed if this electron is removed from the outer most shell?*",
          "ans": "+1",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write down the electron distribution of chlorine atom. How many electrons are there in the L shell? (Atomic number of chlorine is 17).*",
          "ans": "2, 8, 7 L shell has 8 electrons.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In the atom of an element X, 6 electrons are present in the outermost shell. If it acquires noble gas configuration by accepting requisite number of electrons, then what would be the charge on the ion so formed?*",
          "ans": "–2",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What information do you get from Fig. 4.4 about the atomic number, mass number and valency of atoms X, Y and Z? Give your answer in a tabular form.*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch4a13.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "163"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch4a14.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "101"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In response to a question, a student stated that in an atom, the number of protons is greater than the number of neutrons, which in turn is greater than the number of electrons. Do you agree with the statement? Justify your answer.*",
          "ans": "<b>Hint :</b> No, the statement is incorrect. In an atom the number of protons and electrons is always equal.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 22,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": null,
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 23,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch4a15.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "43"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch4a16.jpg",
            "width": "414",
            "height": "82"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "The atomic number of calcium and argon are 20 and 18 respectively, but the mass number of both these elements is 40. What is the name given to such a pair of elements?*",
          "ans": "Isobars",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 23,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Complete Table 4.1 on the basis of information available in the symbols given below.*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 24,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch4a17.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "174"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch4a18.jpg",
            "width": "430",
            "height": "110"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Helium atom has 2 electrons in its valence shell but its valency is not 2 Explain.*",
          "ans": "Helium atom has 2 electrons in its outermost shell and its duplet is complete. Hence the valency is zero.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 25,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "An element X has a mass number 4 and atomic number 2. Write the valency of this element.*",
          "ans": "An element X has a mass number 4 and atomic number 2. Write the valency of this element.*",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 26,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why do Helium, Neon and Argon have a zero valency?*",
          "ans": "Helium has two electrons in its only energy shell, while Argon and Neon have 8 electrons in their valence shells. As these have maximum number of electrons in their valence shells, they do not have any tendency to combine with other elements. Hence, they have a valency equal to zero.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 27,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In what way is the Rutherford’s atomic model different from Thomson’s atomic model?*",
          "ans": "Rutherford proposed a model in which electrons revolve around the nucleus in well-defined orbits. There is a positively charged centre in an atom called the nucleus. He also proposed that the size of the nucleus is very small as compared to the size of the atom and nearly all the mass of an atom is centred in the nucleus. However, Thomson proposed the model of an atom to be similar to a christmas pudding. The electrons are studded like currants in a positively charged sphere like christmas pudding and the mass of the atom was supposed to be uniformly distributed.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 28,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What were the drawbacks of Rutherford’s model of an atom?*",
          "ans": "The orbital revolution of the electron is not expected to be stable. Any particle in a circular orbit would undergo an acceleration and the charged particles would radiate energy. Thus, the revolving electron would lose energy and finally fall into the nucleus.If this were so, the atom should be highly unstable and hence matter would not exist in the form that we know.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 29,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In the Gold foil experiment of Geiger and Marsden, that paved the way for Rutherford’s model of an atom, ~ 1.00% of the α-particles were found to deflect at angles > 50º. If one mole of α-particles was bombarded on the gold foil, compute the number of α-particles that would deflect at angles less than 50°.*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 30,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch4a19.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "161"
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        }
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    "grade": "Grade 9",
    "co": "ch4_co",
    "fib": "ch4_fib",
    "mcq": "ch4_mcq",
    "nf": "ch4_nf",
    "yn": "ch4_yn",
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    "cbq": "ch4_cbq"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch5",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 5 - The Fundamental Unit of Life",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Cell wall of which one of these is not made up of cellulose?",
          "ans": "(b) Bacteria",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Hydrilla",
            "(b) Bacteria",
            "(c) Mango tree",
            "(d) Cactus"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Kitchen of cell is",
          "ans": "(a) chloroplast",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) chloroplast",
            "(b) mitochondria",
            "(c) Golgi apparatus",
            "(d) cysosome"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Cell theorey was given by ______________________.",
          "ans": "(b) Schleiden and Schwann",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Robert Hooke",
            "(b) Schleiden and Schwann",
            "(c) Virchow",
            "(d) Haeckel"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The only cell organelle seen in prokaryotic cell is",
          "ans": "(b) ribosomes",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) mitochondria",
            "(b) ribosomes",
            "(c) ribosomes",
            "(d) cysosomes"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "1 μm is ______________________.",
          "ans": "(b) 10<sup>–6</sup> m",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 10<sup>–8</sup> m",
            "(b) 10<sup>–6</sup> m",
            "(c) 10<sup>–5</sup> m",
            "(d) 10<sup>–4</sup> m"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Living cells were discovered by",
          "ans": "(b) Leeuwen Hock",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Robert Hooke",
            "(b) Leeuwen Hock",
            "(c) Purkinje",
            "(d) Robert brown"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following can be made into crystal?*",
          "ans": "(c) A Virus",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) A Bacterium",
            "(b) An Amoeba",
            "(c) A Virus",
            "(d) A Sperm"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A cell will swell up if*",
          "ans": "(b) The concentration of water molecules in surrounding medium is higher than water molecules concentration in the cell.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) The concentration of water molecules in the cell is higher than the concentration of water molecules in surrounding medium.",
            "(b) The concentration of water molecules in surrounding medium is higher than water molecules concentration in the cell.",
            "(c) The concentration of water molecules is same in the cell and in the surrounding medium.",
            "(d) Concentration of water molecules does not matter."
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Chromosomes are made up of*",
          "ans": "(c) DNA and protein",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) DNA",
            "(b) protein",
            "(c) DNA and protein",
            "(d) RNA"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of these options are not a function of Ribosomes?* <br/> (i) It helps in manufacture of protein molecules <br/> (ii) It helps in manufacture of enzymes <br/> (iii) It helps in manufacture of hormones <br/> (iv) It helps in manufacture of starch molecules",
          "ans": "(c) (iii) and (iv)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i) and (ii)",
            "(b) (ii) and (iii)",
            "(c) (iii) and (iv)",
            "(d) (iv) and (i)"
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of these is not related to endoplasmic reticulum?*",
          "ans": "(c) It can be the site of energy generation.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) It behaves as transport channel for proteins between nucleus and cytoplasm.",
            "(b) It transports materials between various regions in cytoplasm.",
            "(c) It can be the site of energy generation.",
            "(d) It can be the site for some biochemical activities of the cell."
          ],
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Following are a few definitions of osmosis. Read carefully and select the correct definition*",
          "ans": "(a) Movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane.",
            "(b) Movement of solvent molecules from its higher concentration to lower concentration.",
            "(c) Movement of solvent molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration of solution through a permeable membrane.",
            "(d) Movement of solute molecules from lower concentration to higher concentration of solution through a semipermeable membrane."
          ],
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Plasmolysis in a plant cell is defined as*",
          "ans": "(b) shrinkage of cytoplasm in hypertonic medium",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) break down (lysis) of plasma membrane in hypotonic medium",
            "(b) shrinkage of cytoplasm in hypertonic medium",
            "(c) shrinkage of nucleoplasm",
            "(d) none of them"
          ],
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following are covered by a single membrane?*",
          "ans": "(b) Vacuole",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Mitochondria",
            "(b) Vacuole",
            "(c) Lysosome",
            "(d) Plastid"
          ],
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Find out the false sentences.*",
          "ans": "(a) Golgi apparatus is involved with the formation of lysosomes",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Golgi apparatus is involved with the formation of lysosomes",
            "(b) Nucleus, mitochondria and plastid have DNA; hence they are able to make their own structural proteins",
            "(c) Mitochondria is said to be the power house of the cell as ATP is generated in them.",
            "(d) Cytoplasm is called protoplasm"
          ],
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Find out the correct sentence.*",
          "ans": "(a) Enzymes packed in Lysosomes are made through RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum).",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Enzymes packed in Lysosomes are made through RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum).",
            "(b) Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum produce lipid and protein respectively.",
            "(c) Endoplasmic reticulum is related with the destruction of plasma membrane.",
            "(d) Nucleoid is present inside the nucleoplasm of eukaryotic nucleus."
          ],
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which cell organelle plays a crucial role in detoxifying many poisons and drugs in a cell?*",
          "ans": "(c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Golgi apparatus",
            "(b) Lysosomes",
            "(c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum",
            "(d) Vacuoles"
          ],
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The proteins and lipids, essential for building the cell membrane, are manufactured by*",
          "ans": "(a) rough endoplasmic reticulum",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) rough endoplasmic reticulum",
            "(b) Golgi apparatus",
            "(c) plasma membrane",
            "(d) mitochondria"
          ],
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The undefined nuclear region of prokaryotes is also known as*",
          "ans": "(d) nucleoid",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) nucleus",
            "(b) nucleolus",
            "(c) nucleic acid",
            "(d) nucleoid"
          ],
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The cell organelle involved in forming complex sugars from simple sugars is*",
          "ans": "(d) Golgi apparatus",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) endoplasmic reticulum",
            "(b) endoplasmic reticulum",
            "(c) plastids",
            "(d) Golgi apparatus"
          ],
          "val": 20
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which out of the following is not a function of vacuole?*",
          "ans": "(d) Locomotion",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Storage",
            "(b) Providing turgidity and rigidity to the cell",
            "(c) Waste excretion",
            "(d) Locomotion"
          ],
          "val": 21
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Amoeba acquires its food through a process termed*",
          "ans": "(b) endocytosis",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) exocytosis",
            "(b) endocytosis",
            "(c) plasmolysis",
            "(d) exocytosis and endocytosis both"
          ],
          "val": 22
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Silver nitrate solution is used to study*",
          "ans": "(b) Golgi apparatus",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) endoplasmic reticulum",
            "(b) Golgi apparatus",
            "(c) nucleus",
            "(d) mitochondria"
          ],
          "val": 23
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Organelle other than nucleus containing DNA is*",
          "ans": "(c) mitochondria",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) endoplasmic reticulum",
            "(b) Golgi apparatus",
            "(c) mitochondria",
            "(d) lysosome"
          ],
          "val": 24
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Lipid molecules in the cell are sythesised by*",
          "ans": "(a) smooth endoplasmic reticulum",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) smooth endoplasmic reticulum",
            "(b) rough endoplasmic reticulum",
            "(c) Golgi apparatus ",
            "(d) plastids"
          ],
          "val": 25
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Cell arises from pre-existing cell was stated by*",
          "ans": "(b) Virchow",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Haeckel",
            "(b) Virchow",
            "(c) Hooke",
            "(d) Schleiden"
          ],
          "val": 26
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Cell theory was given by*",
          "ans": "(a) Schleiden and Schwann",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Schleiden and Schwann",
            "(b) Virchow",
            "(c) Virchow",
            "(d) Haeckel"
          ],
          "val": 27
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Lysosome arises from*",
          "ans": "(b) Golgi apparatus",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) endoplasmic reticulum",
            "(b) Golgi apparatus",
            "(c) nucleus",
            "(d) mitochondria"
          ],
          "val": 28
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Select the odd one out.*",
          "ans": "(d) Plasma membranes contain chitin sugar in plants.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane is affected by the amount of substances dissolved in it.",
            "(b) Membranes are made of organic molecules like proteins and lipids.",
            "(c) Molecules soluble in organic solvents can easily pass through the membrane.",
            "(d) Plasma membranes contain chitin sugar in plants."
          ],
          "val": 29
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A cell is the basic __________________ and __________________ unit of life.",
          "ans": "structural; functional",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "__________________ organisms are made up of a single cell.",
          "ans": "Unicellular",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "SER stands for __________________.",
          "ans": "Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "RER stands for __________________.",
          "ans": "Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Ribosomes are composed of RNA and __________________.",
          "ans": "proteins",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The term protoplasm was coined by __________________.",
          "ans": "proteins",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Match the Following.",
          "qus": "Match the following column I and column II :*",
          "ans": "1. (d),	2.	(e), 3.	(c),	4.	(a), 5. (b)",
          "code": "MTF",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [
            {
              "image": "Column I",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Lysosome",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Lysosome",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Food vacuoles",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "5. Chromatin material and nucleolus",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option2": [
            {
              "image": "Column II",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) Amoeba",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) Nucleus",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) Bacteria",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(d) Detoxification",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(e) Suicidal bag",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option3": [
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option4": [
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are advantages of multi cellularity?",
          "ans": "The advantage of multicellularity are :<br/>(a) The division of labour in a multicellular organism increases the efficiency of an organism. <br/> (b) It increases the chances of survial.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Who proposed cell theory? Briefly state the cell theorey.",
          "ans": " Cell theory was proposed by Schleiden and Schwann in 1839. The theory was further extended by R. Virchow (1855). It states that : <br/>  • All plants and animals are made up of cells. <br/> • Cell is the basic unit of life. <br/> • All cells arise from pre-existing cells.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write three points of difference between diffusion and osmosis.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Diffusion",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) It can occur in any medium.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) A semi-permeable membrance is not required for diffusion to take place.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) It is not influenced by the presence of other substance in the system.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Osmosis",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) It occurs only in liquid medium.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b)  A semi-permeable membrance is required for osmosis to take place.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c)  It isinfluenced by the presence of other substance in the system.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Mention the factors that restrict the size of a cell.",
          "ans": "Factors limiting the size of cells include the following: <br/> •	 Surface area to volume ratio. • Nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio. • Fragility of cell membrane. • Mechanical structures necessary to hold the cell together.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Who discovered cells and how?",
          "ans": " Robert Hooke (1665) discovered cells. He was examing a thin slice of cork under a microscope when he noticed that the thin slice of cork resembled the structure of a honey-comb consisting many hexagonal compartments. He called these boxes as cells.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain in detail Mitochondria with diagram.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch5a1.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "203"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain in detail Golgi apparatus with diagram.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch5a2.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "200"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give functions of nucleus.",
          "ans": "(a) Nucleus controls all the cellular activites of the cell. <br/> (b) It plays an important role in the transfer of hereditary characters from parents of offspring. <br/> (c) It plays a vital role in cell division.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are commonly used units in cell biology?",
          "ans": " Common units used in cell biology are: <br/> 1 nanometre (nm) = 10<sup>–9</sup> m <br/> 1 micrometre (mm) = 10<sup>–6</sup> m <br/> 1 angstrom (Å) = 10<sup>–10</sup> m.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why lysosomes are known as suicidal bags?",
          "ans": "Lysosomes are membrane-bound sacs filled with powerful digestive enzymes. If a cell gets damaged, lysosomes brust and enzymes present in them digest their own cells.Hence lysosomes are called the suicidal bags of a cell.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Draw a neat labelled diagram of an animal cell.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch5a3.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "195"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why does the skin of your finger shrink when you wash clothes for a long time?*",
          "ans": "Soap solution is very concentrated – Hypertonic solution, so water moves out of your finger cells by osmosis.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A person takes concentrated solution of salt; after sometime, he starts vomiting. What is the phenomenon responsible for such situation? Explain.*",
          "ans": "Exosmosis in intestine causes dehydration.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name any cell organelle which is non-membranous.*",
          "ans": "Ribosomes",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "We eat food composed of all the nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and water. After digestion, these are absorbed in the form of glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, etc. What mechanisms are involved in absorption of digested food and water?*",
          "ans": "Diffusion and osmosis respectively.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "If you are provided with some vegetables to cook. You generally add salt into the vegetables during cooking process. After adding salt, vegetables release water. What mechanism is responsible for this?*",
          "ans": "Exosmosis",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write the name of different plant parts in which chromoplast, chloroplast and leucoplast are present.*",
          "ans": " Flower and Fruit — Chromoplast <br/> Leaves of the plant — Chloroplast <br/> Root of the plant — Leucoplast",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the organelles which show the analogy written as under.* <br/> (a) Transporting channels of the cell ______________. <br/> (b) Power house of the cell ______________. <br/> (c) Packaging and dispatching unit of the cell ______________. <br/> (d) Digestive bag of the cell ______________. <br/> (e) Storage sacs of the cell ______________. <br/> (f) Kitchen of the cell ______________. <br/> (g) Control room of the cell ______________.",
          "ans": "(a) Endoplasmic reticulum	<br/> (b)	 Mitochondria	<br/> (c) Golgi body <br/> (d) Lysosome <br/> (e) Vacuole <br/> (f) Chloroplas <br/> (g) Nucleus",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How is a bacterial cell different from an onion peel cell?*",
          "ans": "Hint : Bacterial cell is a prokaryote <br/> Onion peel cell is a plant cell — an eukaryote.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the consequences of the following conditions?* <br/> (a) A cell containing higher water concentration than the surrounding medium. <br/> (b) A cell having low water concentration than the surrounding medium. <br/> (c) A cell having equal water concentration to its surrounding medium.",
          "ans": "(a) Exosmosis <br/> (b) Endosmosis <br/> (c) No effect",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Illustrate only a plant cell as seen under electron microscope. How is it different from animal cell?*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch5a4.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "157"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Draw a neat labelled diagram of an animal cell.*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 22,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch5a5.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "243"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Differentiate between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. How is endoplasmic reticulum important for membrane biogenesis?*",
          "ans": "The ribosomes, which are present in all active cells, are the sites of protein synthesis. Endoplasmic reticulum helps in transporting these proteins to various places. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum helps in manufacture of fat and lipids which alongwith proteins help in building the cell membrane.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 23,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "SER has no ribosomal particles on the surface, hence looks smooth. SER helps in the manufacture of lipids and fat molecules.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "RER has particles of ribosome on the surface. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Draw a neat diagram of plant cell and label any three parts which differentiate it from animal cell.*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 24,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch5a6.jpg",
            "width": "241",
            "height": "174"
          }
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 9",
    "co": "ch5_co",
    "fib": "ch5_fib",
    "mcq": "ch5_mcq",
    "nf": "ch5_nf",
    "yn": "ch5_yn",
    "un": "ch5_un",
    "dtf": "ch5_dtf",
    "afq": "ch5_afq",
    "jtf": "ch5_jtf",
    "ctt": "ch5_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch5_ctco",
    "laq": "ch5_laq",
    "afow": "ch5_afow",
    "snc": "ch5_snc",
    "vsaq": "ch5_vsaq",
    "pbq": "ch5_pbq",
    "mtf": "ch5_mtf",
    "saq": "ch5_saq",
    "cs": "ch5_cs",
    "map": "ch5_map",
    "gowf": "ch5_gowf",
    "tf": "ch5_tf",
    "grf": "ch5_grf",
    "arbq": "ch5_arbq",
    "cbq": "ch5_cbq"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch6",
    "chapterName": "Chapter6 - Tissues",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Flexibility in plants is due to ______________________.",
          "ans": "(a) Collenchyma",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Collenchyma",
            "(b) Parenchyma",
            "(c) Chlorenchyma",
            "(d) Sclorenchyma"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The water conducting tissue generally present in gymnospherm is",
          "ans": "(a) Trachieds",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Trachieds",
            "(b) Sieve tube",
            "(c) Vessels",
            "(d) Xylem fibres"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Cork cells are made impervious to water and gases by presence of ______________________.",
          "ans": "(a) suberin",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) suberin",
            "(b) lignin",
            "(c) lipids",
            "(d) cellulose"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which muscles are involuntary? <br/> (i) striated (ii) smooth (iii) cardiac (iv) skeletal",
          "ans": "(c) 2 and 3",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 1 and 2",
            "(b) 3 and 2",
            "(c) 2 and 3",
            "(d) 3 and 4"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which is not a function of epidermis?",
          "ans": "(b) Conduction of water",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Conduction of alcohol",
            "(b) Conduction of water",
            "(c) Transpiration",
            "(d) Gaseous exchange"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following tissues has dead cells?*",
          "ans": "(b) Sclerenchyma",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Parenchyma",
            "(b) Sclerenchyma",
            "(c) Collenchyma",
            "(d) Epithelial tissue"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Find out incorrect sentence.*",
          "ans": "(c) Apical and intercalary meristems are permanent tissues.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Parenchymatous tissues have intercellular spaces.",
            "(b) Collenchymatous tissues are irregularly thickened at corners.",
            "(c) Apical and intercalary meristems are permanent tissues.",
            "(d) Meristematic tissues, in its early stage, lack vacuoles."
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Girth of stem increases due to*",
          "ans": "(b) lateral meristem",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) apical meristem",
            "(b) lateral meristem",
            "(c) intercalary meristem",
            "(d) vertical meristem"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which cell does not have perforated cell wall?*",
          "ans": "(b) Companion cells",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Tracheids",
            "(b) Companion cells",
            "(c) Sieve tubes",
            "(d) Vessels"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Intestine absorbs the digested food materials. What type of epithelial cells are responsible for that?*",
          "ans": "(b) Columnar epithelium",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Stratified squamous epithelium",
            "(b) Columnar epithelium",
            "(c) Spindle fibres",
            "(d) Cuboidal epithelium"
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A person met with an accident in which two long bones of hand were dislocated. Which among the following may be the possible reason?*",
          "ans": "(c) Ligament break",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Tendon break",
            "(b) Break of skeletal muscle",
            "(c) Ligament break",
            "(d) Areolar tissue break"
          ],
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "While doing work and running, you move your organs like hands, legs, etc. Which among the following is correct?*",
          "ans": "(d) Skeletal muscles contract and pull the tendon to move the bones.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Smooth muscles contract and pull the ligament to move the bones.",
            "(b) Smooth muscles contract and pull the tendons to move the bones.",
            "(c) Skeletal muscles contract and pull the ligament to move the bones.",
            "(d) Skeletal muscles contract and pull the tendon to move the bones."
          ],
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Meristematic tissues in plants are*",
          "ans": "(c) not limited to certain regions",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) localised and permanent ",
            "(b) not limited to certain regions",
            "(c) not limited to certain regions",
            "(d) growing in volume"
          ],
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Select the incorrect sentence.*",
          "ans": "(c) Tendons are non-fibrous tissue and fragile.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Blood has matrix containing proteins, salts and hormones.",
            "(b) Two bones are connected with ligament.",
            "(c) Tendons are non-fibrous tissue and fragile.",
            "(d) Cartilage is a form of connective tissue."
          ],
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Cartilage is not found in*",
          "ans": "(c) kidney",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) nose",
            "(b) ear",
            "(c) kidney",
            "(d) larynx"
          ],
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Fats are stored in human body as*",
          "ans": "(b) adipose tissue",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) cuboidal epithelium",
            "(b) adipose tissue",
            "(c) bones",
            "(d) cartilage"
          ],
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Bone matrix is rich in*",
          "ans": "(b) calcium and phosphorus",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) fluoride and calcium ",
            "(b) calcium and phosphorus",
            "(c) calcium and potassium",
            "(d) phosphorus and potassium"
          ],
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Contractile proteins are found in*",
          "ans": "(c) muscles",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) bones",
            "(b) blood",
            "(c) muscles",
            "(d) cartilage"
          ],
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Voluntary muscles are found in*",
          "ans": "(b) limbs",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) alimentary canal",
            "(b) limbs",
            "(c) iris of the eye",
            "(d) bronchi of lungs"
          ],
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Nervous tissue is not found in*",
          "ans": "(c) tendons",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) brain",
            "(b) spinal cord",
            "(c) tendons",
            "(d) nerves"
          ],
          "val": 20
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Nerve cell does not contain*",
          "ans": "(c) tendons",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) axon",
            "(b) nerve endings",
            "(c) tendons",
            "(d) dendrites"
          ],
          "val": 21
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following helps in repair of tissue and fills up the space inside the organ?*",
          "ans": "(c) Areolar",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Tendon",
            "(b) Adipose tissue",
            "(c) Areolar",
            "(d) Cartilage"
          ],
          "val": 22
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The muscular tissue which functions throughout the life continuously without fatigue is*",
          "ans": "(b) cardiac muscle",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) skeletal muscle",
            "(b) cardiac muscle",
            "(c) smooth muscle",
            "(d) voluntary muscle"
          ],
          "val": 23
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following cells is found in the cartilaginous tissue of the body?*",
          "ans": "(d) Chondrocytes",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Mast cells",
            "(b) Basophils",
            "(c) Osteocytes",
            "(d) Chondrocytes"
          ],
          "val": 24
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The dead element present in the phloem is*",
          "ans": "(b) phloem fibres",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) companion cells",
            "(b) phloem fibres",
            "(c) phloem parenchyma",
            "(d) sieve tubes"
          ],
          "val": 25
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following does not lose their nucleus at maturity?*",
          "ans": "(a) Companion cells",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Companion cells",
            "(b) Red blood cells",
            "(c) Vessel",
            "(d) Sieve tube cells"
          ],
          "val": 26
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In desert plants, rate of water loss gets reduced due to the presence of*",
          "ans": "(a) cuticle",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) cuticle",
            "(b) stomata",
            "(c) lignin",
            "(d) suberin"
          ],
          "val": 27
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A long tree has several branches. The tissue that helps in the sideways conduction of water in the branches is*",
          "ans": "(d) xylem vessels",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) collenchyma",
            "(b) xylem parenchyma",
            "(c) parenchyma",
            "(d) xylem vessels"
          ],
          "val": 28
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "If the tip of sugarcane plant is removed from the field, even then it keeps on growing in length. It is due to the presence of*",
          "ans": "(b) apical meristem",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) cambium",
            "(b) apical meristem",
            "(c) lateral meristem",
            "(d) intercalary meristem"
          ],
          "val": 29
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A nail is inserted in the trunk of a tree at a height of 1 metre from the ground level. After 3 years, the nail will*",
          "ans": "(c) remain at the same position",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) move downwards",
            "(b) move upwards",
            "(c) remain at the same position",
            "(d) move sideways"
          ],
          "val": 30
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Parenchyma cells are*",
          "ans": "(a) relatively unspecified and thin walled",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) relatively unspecified and thin walled",
            "(b) thick walled and specialised",
            "(c) lignified",
            "(d) none of these"
          ],
          "val": 31
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Cork cells are made impervious to water and gases by the presence of*",
          "ans": "(c) suberin",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) cellulose",
            "(b) lipids",
            "(c) suberin",
            "(d) lignin"
          ],
          "val": 32
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Survival of plants in terrestrial environment has been made possible by the presence of*",
          "ans": "(b) conducting tissue",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) intercalary meristem",
            "(b) conducting tissue",
            "(c) apical meristem",
            "(d) parenchymatous tissue"
          ],
          "val": 33
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "parenchymatous tissue",
          "ans": "(c) Epithelial tissues have intercellular spaces between them.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) The nature of matrix differs according to the function of the tissue.",
            "(b) Fats are stored below the skin and in between the internal organs.",
            "(c) Epithelial tissues have intercellular spaces between them.",
            "(d) Cells of striated muscles are multinucleate and unbranched."
          ],
          "val": 34
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The water conducting tissue generally present in gymnosperm is*",
          "ans": "(c) tracheids",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) vessels",
            "(b) sieve tube",
            "(c) tracheids",
            "(d) xylem fibres"
          ],
          "val": 35
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tEpithelial tissue is the protective tissue in the animal body.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe lining of blood vessels, lung alveoli and kidney tubules are all made up of epithelial tissue.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tEpithelial cells have a lot of intercellular spaces.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tEpithelial layer is a permeable layer.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tEpithelial layer does not allow regulation of materials between body and the external environment.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Most of the tissues in plants are _____________ and _____________.",
          "ans": "Supportive; dead",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Animal tissues are _____________ and consume energy.",
          "ans": "living",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_____________ cells contain chloroplasts.",
          "ans": "Guard",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Sieve tubes are found in _____________.",
          "ans": "phloem",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A thin layer of cementing substances called the _____________ exists between two sclerenchyma cells.",
          "ans": "lignin",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Areolar connective tissue joins _____________ with muscles.",
          "ans": "skin",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Tendons and ligaments are specialised type of _____________.",
          "ans": "connective tissue",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Cartilage consists of _____________ cells.",
          "ans": "chondrocytes",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_____________ epithelium occurs in the lining of renal tubules and ducts of salivary glands.",
          "ans": "Cuboidal",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The lining of blood vessels is made up of _____________",
          "ans": "squamous epithelium",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The lining of small intestine is made up of _____________",
          "ans": "columnar epithelium",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The lining of kidney tubules is made up of _____________",
          "ans": "cuboidal epithelium",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Epithelial cells with cilia are found in the _____________ of our body.",
          "ans": "respiratory tract",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Cork cells possess _____________ on their walls that makes them impervious to gases and water.",
          "ans": "suberin",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_____________ have tubular cells with perforated walls and are living in nature.",
          "ans": "Sieve tubes",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_____________ are forms of complex tissue.",
          "ans": "Xylem and phloem",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        },

        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_____________ have guard cells..",
          "ans": "Stomata",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Cells of cork contain a chemical called _____________.",
          "ans": "suberin",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The husk of a coconut is made of _____________ tissue.",
          "ans": "sclerenchyma",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_____________ gives flexibility in plants.",
          "ans": "Collenchyma",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 20
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_____________ and _____________ are both conducting tissues.",
          "ans": "Xylem; phloem",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 21
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Xylem transports _____________ and _____________ from soil.",
          "ans": "water; minerals",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 22
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Phloem transports _____________ from _____________ to other parts of the plant.",
          "ans": "food; leaves",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 23
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
      {
        "heading": "Match the Following.",
        "qus": "Match the following column I and column II :*",
        "ans": "1. (e),	 2.	 (d),	 3.	 (c),	 4.	 (a),	 5.	 (b),	 6.	 (f)",
        "code": "MTF",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [
          {
            "image": "Column I",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "1. Fluid connective tissue",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "2. Filling of space inside the organs",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "3. Striated muscle",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "4. Adipose tissue",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "5. Surface of joints",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "6. Stratified squamous epithelium",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
        ],
        "option2": [
          {
            "image": "Column II",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(a) Subcutaneous layer",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(b) Cartilage",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(c) Skeletal muscle",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(d) Areolar tissue",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(e) Blood",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(f) Skin",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option3": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option4": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Match the Following.",
        "qus": "Match column I with column II:*",
        "ans": "1. (a),	 2.	 (b),	 3.	 (d),	 4.	 (c),	 5.	 (e)",
        "code": "MTF",
        "options": null,
        "val": 2,
        "option1": [
          {
            "image": "Column I",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "1. Parenchyma",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "2. Photosynthesis",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "3. Aerenchyma",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "4. Collenchyma",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "5. Permanent tissue",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option2": [
          {
            "image": "Column II",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(a) Thin walled, packing cells",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(b) Carbon fixation",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(c) Localised thickenings",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(d) Buoyancy",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(e) Sclerenchyma",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option3": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option4": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the function of vascular bundles in plants?",
          "ans": "In plants Xylem and Phloem strands are usually found in bundles called vascular bundles. The main functions of vascular bundles are conduction of water and minerals, translocation of organic solutes and providing mechanical support to the plant body.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are functions of phloem?",
          "ans": "Phloem conducts food materials from the leaves to the different parts of the plant. <br/> They are composed of four different types of cells: <br/> Sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibers.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are different kinds of meristem depending upon location?",
          "ans": "Depending upon location in the body of the plant, the meristem may be apical intercalary and lateral. <br/> (a) Apical meristems are born at the tips of the stems, roots and their branches. <br/> (b) Intercalary meristems are the left out portions of the apical meristems that get separated from the latter by the differentiation of permanent tissue in between meristems at the base of leave or internode. <br/> (c) Lateral meristems are located along the lateral sides of stems and roots.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What does protective tissues include?",
          "ans": "Protective tissues include epidermis (single layer of cutinised parenchyma cell covering all the aerial parts of plant body). It prevents evaporation of water and thus helps in conservation of water. Epidermis protects plants from mechanical injury and attack by Parasite like fungi.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Differentiate between parenchyma and collenchyma.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Collenchyma",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• The cell will get extra thickened at places.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• It is a living mechanical tissue.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• It is mostly restricted to outer part of plant organs.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Parenchyma",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• The cell walls are uniformly thickened.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• Parenchyma does not have any permanent mechanical functions except when its cells are turgid.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• Parenchyma is formed both in the outer and inner parts of plant organs.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are macrophages?",
          "ans": "Macrophages are phagocytic in nature and are involved in the destruction and removal of invading bacteria foreign bodies and damaged cells.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are immunocytes?",
          "ans": "These include cells such are lymphocytes and plasma cell both producing antibodies for the immune response.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List three functions of lymph.",
          "ans": "The functions of lymph are the following: <br/> (a)	Lymph transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, etc. to body cells and transports carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste from the body cell to the blood. <br/> (b)	 It protects the body aganist infection as it is loaded with lymphocytic fluids. <br/> (c) It keeps the body cell moist.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Draw diagrams of fibres : <br/> (i) smooth muscle <br/> (ii) striated muscle <br/> (iii) cardiac muscle",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch5a7.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "188"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write few points of difference between axon and dendrite.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Axon",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• It is the long uniformly thickened fibre like process of a neuron.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• It is always covered with a medullary sheath.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• It carries impulse away from the cell body.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Dendrite",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• It is the broad, tapering process of a neuron.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• Medullary sheath is absent.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• It carriesimpulsestowardsthe cell body.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary muscles. Give one example of each type.*",
          "ans": "Voluntary muscles can be moved by conscious will when we want them to move. For example, muscles of limbs or skeletal muscles. Involuntary muscles function on their own. We cannot start or stop them from working when we want them to. Following are the examples: <br/> Involuntary: Cardiac Muscles <br/> Voluntary: Smooth Muscles",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Differentiate the following activities on the basis of voluntary (V) or involuntary (IV) muscles.* <br/> (a) Jumping of a frog <br/> (b) Pumping of the heart <br/> (c) Writing with your hand <br/> (d) Movement of chocolate in your intestine",
          "ans": "(a)	 (V),	 (b)	 (IV),	 (c)	 (V),	 (d) (IV)",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Differentiate between sclerenchyma and parenchyma tissues. Draw a well labelled diagram.*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Parenchyma",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) The cells are thin walled and unspecialised.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) These are living cells.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) The cells are usually loosely packed with large intercellular space.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(d) It stores nutrient and water in stem and roots.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(e) Some cells contain chlorophyll called chlorenchyma and perform photosynthesis. Other cells have large air cavities called aerenchyma which provide buoyancy to the hydrophytic plants.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Sclerenchyma",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) The cells are thick walled and lignified.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) Tissues are made up of dead cells.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) No intercellular spaces between the cells are found.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(d) It provides strength to the plant parts.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(e) The cells are long and narrow, and make the plant hard and stiff. The tissue is present in the stem around vascular bundles, in veins of leaves and in the hard covering of seeds and nuts.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch5a8.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "164"
          }
        },
        {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "List the characteristics of the cork. How are they formed? Mention their role.*",
        "ans": "Characteristics: <br/> (a) Characteristics: <br/> • These cells are compactly arranged. <br/> • They do not possess intercellular spaces. <br/> • They possess a chemical substance called suberin in their walls. <br/> • They are several layers thick. <br/> (b) As plants grow older, a strip of secondary meristem replaces the epidermis of the stem. Cells cut on the outer side by this meristem are called cork. <br/> (c)	They are protective in function for older stem/twigs/branches. They are impervious to gases and water.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 14,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Why are xylem and phloem called complex tissues? How are they different from one other?*",
        "ans": "Both xylem and phloem consist of more than one type of cell, which coordinate to perform a common function.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 15,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [
          {
            "image": "Xylem",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(a) It consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem, parenchyma and xylem fibres.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(b) It transports water and minerals vertically from the soil to aerial parts of the plant.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(c) Most of the cells except xylem parenchyma are dead cells.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption2": [
          {
            "image": "Phloem",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(a) It consists ofsieve tubes, companion cell, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(b) It transports food from leaves to other parts of the plant.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(c) Most of the cells except phloem fibres are living cells.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "(a) Differentiate between meristematic and permanent tissues in plants.* <br/> (b) Define the process of differentiation.* <br/> (c) Name any two simple and two complex permanent tissues in plants.*",
        "ans": "(b)	 The loss of ability to divide by taking up a permanent shape, size and function is called differentiation. <br/> (c) Simple: Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma Complex: Phloem, xylem",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 16,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [
          {
            "image": "Meristematic",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• Cells of this tissue divide throughout their life.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• Cells of this tissue lose the ability to divide to take up specific function.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• Cells of this tissue are very active, have dense cytoplasm, thin walls and prominent nuclei. They lack vacuoles.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption2": [
          {
            "image": "Permanent",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• Cells of this tissue lose the ability to divide to take up specific function.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• They are distributed throughout the plant body.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• They are vacuolated, and vary in shape and size. Their cell wall may be thick.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• Cell wall is made up of cellulose/lignin/suberin.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      }
      ],
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      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 9",
    "co": "ch6_co",
    "fib": "ch6_fib",
    "mcq": "ch6_mcq",
    "nf": "ch6_nf",
    "yn": "ch6_yn",
    "un": "ch6_un",
    "dtf": "ch6_dtf",
    "afq": "ch6_afq",
    "jtf": "ch6_jtf",
    "ctt": "ch6_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch6_ctco",
    "laq": "ch6_laq",
    "afow": "ch6_afow",
    "snc": "ch6_snc",
    "vsaq": "ch6_vsaq",
    "pbq": "ch6_pbq",
    "mtf": "ch6_mtf",
    "saq": "ch6_saq",
    "cs": "ch6_cs",
    "map": "ch6_map",
    "gowf": "ch6_gowf",
    "tf": "ch6_tf",
    "grf": "ch6_grf",
    "arbq": "ch6_arbq",
    "cbq": "ch6_cbq"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch7",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 7 - Diversity in Living Organisms",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Carl Von Linne was involved with which branch of science?",
          "ans": "(b) Taxonomy",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Physiology",
            "(b) Taxonomy",
            "(c) Taxonomy",
            "(d) Taxonomy"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Differentiation in segmental fashion occurs in ______________________.",
          "ans": "(c) starfish",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) leech",
            "(b) snails",
            "(c) starfish",
            "(d) ascaris"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Real organs are absent in ______________________.",
          "ans": "(a) coelenterata",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) coelenterata",
            "(b) echinodermata",
            "(c) protochordata",
            "(d) none of these"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The 5 kingdom classification is given by ______________________.",
          "ans": "(b) R.H. Whittaker",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Morgan",
            "(b) R.H. Whittaker",
            "(c) A. Haecke",
            "(d) Linnaeus"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The locomotory organs of echinodermata are ______________________.",
          "ans": "(a) tube feet",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) tube feet",
            "(b) muscular feet",
            "(c) jointed legs",
            "(d) parapodia"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Pteridophyta does not have ______________________.",
          "ans": "(d) flower",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) root",
            "(b) leaf",
            "(c) stem",
            "(d) flower"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Find out the incorrect sentence.*",
          "ans": "(d) Monerans have well defined nucleus.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Protista includes unicellular eukaryotic organisms.",
            "(b) Whittaker considered cell structure, mode and source of nutrition for classifying the organisms in five kingdoms.",
            "(c) Both Monera and Protista may be autotrophic and heterotrophic.",
            "(d) Monerans have well defined nucleus."
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which among the following has specialised tissue for conduction of water?* <br/> (i) Thallophyta (ii) Bryophyta (iii) Pteridophyta (iv) Gymnosperms",
          "ans": "(c) (iii) and (iv)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i) and (ii)",
            "(b) (ii) and (iii)",
            "(c) (iii) and (iv)",
            "(d) (i) and (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which among the following produces seeds?*",
          "ans": "(d) Gymnosperms",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Thallophyta",
            "(b) Bryophyta",
            "(c) Pteridophyta",
            "(d) Gymnosperms"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one is a true fish?*",
          "ans": "(c) Dogfish",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Jellyfish",
            "(b) Starfish",
            "(c) Dogfish",
            "(d) Silverfish"
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which among the following is exclusively marine?*",
          "ans": "(b) Echinodermata",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Porifera",
            "(b) Echinodermata",
            "(c) Mollusca",
            "(d) Pisces"
          ],
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which among the following has an open circulatory system?* <br/> (i) Arthropoda (ii) Mollusca (iii) Annelida (iv) Coelenterata",
          "ans": "(a) (i) and (ii)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i) and (ii)",
            "(b) (iii) and (iv)",
            "(c) (i) and (iii)",
            "(d) (ii) and (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In which group of animals is coelom filled with blood?*",
          "ans": "(a) Arthropoda",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Arthropoda",
            "(b) Annelida",
            "(c) Nematoda",
            "(d) Echinodermata"
          ],
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Elephantiasis is caused by:*",
          "ans": "(a) wuchereria",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) wuchereria",
            "(b) pinworm",
            "(c) planarians",
            "(d) liver flukes"
          ],
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one is the most striking or common characteristics of the vertebrates?*",
          "ans": "(a) Presence of notochord",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Presence of notochord",
            "(b) Presence of triploblastic condition",
            "(c) Presence of gill pouches",
            "(d) Presence of coelom"
          ],
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which among the following has scales?* <br/> (i) Amphibians (ii) Pisces (iii) Reptiles (iv) Mammals",
          "ans": "(c) (ii) and (iii)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i) and (iii)",
            "(b) (iii) and (iv)",
            "(c) (ii) and (iii)",
            "(d) (i) and (ii)"
          ],
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Find out the false statement.*",
          "ans": "(d) Fishes, amphibians and reptiles are oviparous.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Aves are warm blooded, egg laying and have a four-chambered heart.",
            "(b) Aves have feather covered body, their fore limbs are modified as wing and they breathe through lungs.",
            "(c) Most of the mammals are viviparous.",
            "(d) Fishes, amphibians and reptiles are oviparous."
          ],
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Identify a member of porifera:*",
          "ans": "(a) Spongilla",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Spongilla",
            "(b) Euglena",
            "(c) Penicillium",
            "(d) Hydra"
          ],
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is not an aquatic animal?*",
          "ans": "(d) Filaria",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Hydra",
            "(b) Jelly fish",
            "(c) Corals",
            "(d) Filaria"
          ],
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Amphibians do not have the following:*",
          "ans": "(c) scales",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) three-chambered heart",
            "(b) gills or lungs",
            "(c) scales",
            "(d) mucus glands"
          ],
          "val": 20
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Organisms without nucleus and cell organelles belong to:* <br/> (i) fungi (ii) protista (iii) cyanobacteria (iv) archaebacteria",
          "ans": "(b) (iii) and (iv)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i) and (ii)",
            "(b) (iii) and (iv)",
            "(c) (i) and (iv)",
            "(d) (ii) and (iii)"
          ],
          "val": 21
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is not a criterion for classification of living organisms?*",
          "ans": "(d) Height of the plant",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Body design of the organism ",
            "(b) Ability to produce one’s own food",
            "(c) Membrane bound nucleus and cell organelles",
            "(d) Height of the plant"
          ],
          "val": 22
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is not a characteristic of protochordata?*",
          "ans": "(c) Jointed legs",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Presence of notochord",
            "(b) Bilateral symmetry and coelom.",
            "(c) Jointed legs",
            "(d) Presence of circulatory system"
          ],
          "val": 23
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Corals are:*",
          "ans": "(d) Cnidarians that live in colonies",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Poriferans attached to some solid support",
            "(b) cnidarians that are solitary living",
            "(c) Poriferans present at the sea bed",
            "(d) Cnidarians that live in colonies"
          ],
          "val": 24
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Who introduced the system of scientific nomenclature of organisms?*",
          "ans": "(b) Carolus Linnaeus",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Robert Whittaker",
            "(b) Carolus Linnaeus",
            "(c) Robert Hooke",
            "(d) Ernst Haeckel"
          ],
          "val": 25
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Two-chambered heart occurs in:*",
          "ans": "(b) fish",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) crocodiles",
            "(b) fish",
            "(c) aves",
            "(d) amphibians"
          ],
          "val": 26
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Skeleton is made entirely of cartilage in:*",
          "ans": "(a) sharks",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) sharks",
            "(b) tuna",
            "(c) rohu",
            "(d) none of these"
          ],
          "val": 27
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is not an annelid?*",
          "ans": "(d) Urchins",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Nereis",
            "(b) Earthworm",
            "(c) Leech",
            "(d) Urchins"
          ],
          "val": 28
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The book Systema Naturae was written by:*",
          "ans": "(a) Linnaeus",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Linnaeus",
            "(b) Haeckel",
            "(c) Whittaker",
            "(d) Robert Brown"
          ],
          "val": 29
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Hard calcium carbonate structures are used as skeleton by:*",
          "ans": "(a) Echinodermata",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Echinodermata",
            "(b) Protochordata",
            "(c) Arthropoda",
            "(d) Nematoda"
          ],
          "val": 30
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In taxonomic hierarchy, family comes between:*",
          "ans": "(b) order and genus",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) class and order",
            "(b) order and genus",
            "(c) genus and species",
            "(d) division and class"
          ],
          "val": 31
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A well defined nucleus is absent in:*",
          "ans": "(a) blue green algae",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) blue green algae",
            "(b) diatoms",
            "(c) algae",
            "(d) yeast"
          ],
          "val": 32
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The ‘Origin of Species’ is written by:*",
          "ans": "(b) Darwin",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Linnaeus",
            "(b) Darwin",
            "(c) Hackel",
            "(d) Whittaker"
          ],
          "val": 33
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Meena and Hari observed an animal in their garden. Hari called it an insect while Meena said it was an earthworm. Choose the character from the following which confirms that it is an insect.*",
          "ans": "(b) Body with jointed legs",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Bilateral symmetrical body",
            "(b) Body with jointed legs",
            "(c) Cylindrical body",
            "(d) Body with little segmentation"
          ],
          "val": 34
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tWhittaker proposed the five kingdom classification.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tMonera is divided into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tStarting from class, species comes before the genus.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAnabaena belongs to the kingdom Monera.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tBlue green algae belongs to the kingdom Protista.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAll prokaryotes are classified under Monera.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tGymnosperms differ from angiosperms in having covered seed.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tNon-flowering plants are called Cryptogamae.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tBryophytes have conducting tissues.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tFunaria is a moss.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tCompound leaves are found in many ferns.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tSeeds contain embryo.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 12
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is the basic unit of classification.",
          "ans": "Species",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is transmitted by Aedes.",
          "ans": "Dengue",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Entamoeba histolytica is found in the ____________________.",
          "ans": "colon of human body",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Organisms are classified on the basis of their ____________________.",
          "ans": "body, design and function",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ first gave the idea of evolution.",
          "ans": "Charles Darwin",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The two groups of organisms in classification are ____________________.",
          "ans": "primitive & advanced",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Groups are formed on the basis of ____________________, ____________________ and ____________________.",
          "ans": "cell structure; mode and source of nutrition; body organisation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The basic unit of classification is a ____________________.",
          "ans": "species",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Mode of nutrition in ____________________ can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.",
          "ans": "monera",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Protista uses ____________________ or ____________________ to move around.",
          "ans": "cilia; flagella",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Mode of nutrition in fungi is ____________________.",
          "ans": "saprophytic",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Mutually dependent relationship between organisms is called ____________________.",
          "ans": "symbiosis",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "90 per cent of the total green algae grow in ____________________.",
          "ans": "fresh water habitats",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Azolla is the smallest ____________________.",
          "ans": "angiosperm",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Non-chordates are characterised by the absence of ____________________.",
          "ans": "notochord",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Excretory organs also bring about ____________________.",
          "ans": "osmoregulation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Fungi shows ____________________ mode of nutrition.",
          "ans": "saprophytic",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The cell wall of fungi is made up of ____________________.",
          "ans": "chitin",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The association between blue green algae and fungi is called ____________________.",
          "ans": "lichens",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The chemical nature of chitin is ____________________.",
          "ans": "carbohydrate",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 20
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ has the smallest number of organisms with maximum number of similar characters.",
          "ans": "Species",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 21
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Plants without a well-differentiated stem, root and leaf are kept in ____________________.",
          "ans": "thallophyta",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 22
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ are known as amphibians of the plant kingdom.",
          "ans": "Bryophytes",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 23
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The five kingdom classification of living organisms is given by ____________________.",
          "ans": "Robert Whittaker",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 24
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The five kingdom classification of living organisms is given by ____________________.",
          "ans": "species",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 25
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Prokaryotes are grouped in the Kingdom ____________________.",
          "ans": "Monera",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 26
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Paramecium is a protista because of its ____________________.",
          "ans": "eukaryotic unicellular organisms",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 27
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Fungi do not contain ____________________.",
          "ans": "chlorophyll",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 28
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A fungus ____________________ can be seen without a microscope.",
          "ans": "mushroom",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 29
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Common fungi used in preparing bread is  ____________________.",
          "ans": "yeast",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 30
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Algae and fungi form symbiotic association called ____________________.",
          "ans": "lichens",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 31
        },
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Match the Following.",
          "qus": "Match items of column I with the items of column II:*",
          "ans": " 1. (b),	 2.	 (a),	 3.	 (d),	 4.	 (c)	 5.	 (f),	 6.	 (e),	 7.	 (g)",
          "code": "MTF",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [
            {
              "image": "Column I",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Naked seed",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Covered seed",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Flagella",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Marchantia",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "5. Marsilea",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "6. Cladophora",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "7. Penicillium",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option2": [
            {
              "image": "Column II",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) Angiosperms",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) Gymnosperms",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) Bryophytes",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(d) Euglena",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(e) Thallophyta",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(f) Pteridophyta",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(g) Fungi",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option3": [
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option4": [
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Match the Following.",
          "qus": "Match items of column I with the items of column II:*",
          "ans": "1. (c),	 2.	 (b),	 3.	 (f),	 4.	 (a),	 5.	 (e),	 6.	 (d)",
          "code": "MTF",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [
            {
              "image": "Column I",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Pore bearing animals",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Diploblastic",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Metameric segmentation",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Jointed legs",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "5. Soft bodied animals",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "6. Spiny skinned animals",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option2": [
            {
              "image": "Column II",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) Arthropoda",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) Coelenterata",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) Porifera",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(d) Echinodermata",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(e) Mollusca",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(f) Annelida",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option3": [
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option4": [
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is chitin?",
          "ans": "Major constituent of the cell wall of fungi and exoskeleton of arthropods, chitin is a fibrous substance made up of polysaccharides.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How are primitive and advanced organisms different from each other?",
          "ans": "Primitive organisms have an ancient body design that has not changed very much. Advanced organisms have a relatively complex and recent body design.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Are advanced organisms the same as complex organisms? Why?",
          "ans": " It is not always true. During the evolution, body design becomes more complex. So, advanced organisms can be the same as complex organisms.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are lichens?",
          "ans": "The symbiotic relationship between fungi and blue green algae is called lichens.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why are plants called autotrophs?",
          "ans": "Because they use chlorophyll and sunlight for photosynthesis to make their own food",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write 3 characteristics of Kingdom Animalia.",
          "ans": "1. They are multicellular eukaryotes. <br/> 2. They are heterotrophs. <br/> 3. Their cells don’t have cell walls.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give three-four general characteristics of Kingdom Monera.",
          "ans": "•	 Reproduction is asexual. <br/> • Some organisms may have cell wall. <br/> • Monerans are the important decomposers in the biosphere. <br/> •	Examples are bacteria, blue-green algae, mycoplasma, etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the five kingdom. By whom was the five kingdom classification proposed?",
          "ans": "The five kingdoms were Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. These 5 kingdoms were proposed by R H Whittaker in 1959.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why are mosses found in humid and moist areas?",
          "ans": "Mosses are found in humid and moist areas because water is indispensable to their life cycle. They need water for reproduction as well as for other physiological functions.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List two features of pteridophytes.",
          "ans": "•	The dominant plant body in pteridophytes is a sporophyte. It is differentiated into roots, stems and leaves. <br/> • Pteridophytes bear special spore-bearing leaves called sporophyte. The spores are produced in sporangia.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List three characteristics of angiosperms. Give examples.",
          "ans": "•	 They are flowering plants and their seeds develop inside fruit. <br/> • Cotyledons and the plant embryo are present inside the seed. <br/> • Plant body is divided into root and shoot system. Examples include mango, rose, wheat and grasses.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write three features of the animal kingdom.",
          "ans": "•	Animal cells lack cell wall. <br/> • They do not perform photosynthesis. They depend on other organisms for food and are thus, heterotrophs. <br/> • They are eukaryotic and multicellular.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List three important distinguishing characteristic of arthropods.",
          "ans": "• They are bilaterally symmetrical and segmented. <br/> •	They have an open circulatory system. <br/> • They have one or two pairs of jointed legs.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List few features of class amphibia.",
          "ans": "These animals are found both in water and on land, for example, frogs, toads, hydra and salamander, etc. <br/> • They respire through gills, lungs or skin. <br/> • They lay eggs. <br/> • They have mucus glands on their skin. • They have a three-chambered heart.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write any four characteristics of vertebrates.",
          "ans": "•	The sexes are separate. <br/> • Respiration is through gills or lungs. <br/> •	 Well-developed excretory organs are present. <br/> •	They have an internal skeleton and notochord.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by binomial nomenclature?",
          "ans": "In binomial nomenclature, the name of every organism is composed of 2 components – the first one is genus and the second one is species. For example, the scientific name of human beings is Homo sapiens where Homo is the genus and sapiens is the species.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "You are provided with the seeds of gram, wheat, rice, pumpkin, maize and pea. Classify whether they are monocot or dicot.*",
          "ans": "Gram — dicot,    Wheat — monocot,    Rice — monocot, Pumpkin — dicot,   Maize — monocot,    Pea — dicot",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Classify the following organisms based on the absence/presence of true coelom (i.e., acoelomate, pseudocoelomate and coelomate).* <br/> Spongilla <br/> Sea anemone <br/> Planaria <br/> Liver fluke <br/> Wuchereria <br/> Ascaris <br/> Nereis <br/> Earthworm <br/> Scorpion <br/> Birds <br/> Fishes <br/> Horse",
          "ans": "Spongilla — Acoelomate <br/> Sea anemone—Acoelomate <br/> Planaria—Acoelomate <br/> liver fluke—Acoelomate<br/> Wuchereria—Pseudocoelomate <br/> Ascaris—Psudocoelomate <br/> Nereis—Coelomate	 <br/> Scorpion—Coelomate <br/> Earthworm—Coelomate <br/> Birds, Fishes and Horse—Coelomate",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Endoskeleton of fishes are made up of cartilage and bone. Classify the following fishes as cartilaginous or bony.* <br/> Torpedo <br/> Sting ray <br/> Dog fish <br/> Rohu <br/> Angler fish <br/> Exocoetus",
          "ans": "Torpedo — Cartilaginous <br/> Sting ray — Cartilaginous <br/> Dog fish — Cartilaginous <br/> Rohu — Bony <br/> Angler fish — Cartilaginous <br/> Exocoetus — bony",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "You are given leech, Nereis, Scolopendra, prawn and scorpion; and all have segmented body organisation. Will you classify them in one group? If no, give the important characteristics based on which you will separate these organisms into different groups.*",
          "ans": "All organisms given in the question do not belong to same group. Leech and Nereis belong to phylum Annelida because they have metamerically segmented body i.e., their body is divided into many segments internally by septa. Body segments are lined up one after the other from head to tail. But, Scolopendra, prawn and scorpion belong to phylum Arthropoda as these have jointed legs and open circulating system.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Differentiate between a flying lizard and a bird. Draw the diagrams.*",
          "ans": "Flying lizard belongs to group reptiles and is characterised as cold-blooded, body covered with scales and having a three-chambered heart, while birds belong to group aves and have characteristics of being warm-blooded, having feather covered body, forelimbs modified as wings and having a four-chambered heart.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch7a5.jpg",
            "width": "256",
            "height": "139"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List some common features in cat, rat and bat.*",
          "ans": "Bat, rat and cat belong to class mammalia and have the following common features: <br/> (a) All have notochord at some stage of life cycle.<br/> (b) All are warm-blooded. <br/> (c) All have four-chambered hearts. <br/> (d) All have skin covered with hair and with sweat and oil glands.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 22,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Give one word for the following.",
          "qus": "Bilateral, dorsiventral symmetry is found in ______________.",
          "ans": "liver fluke",
          "code": "GOWF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Give one word for the following.",
          "qus": "Worms causing disease elephantiasis are ______________.",
          "ans": "filarial worms",
          "code": "GOWF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Give one word for the following.",
          "qus": "Open circulatory system is found in ______________ where coelomic cavity is filled with blood.",
          "ans": "arthropods",
          "code": "GOWF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Give one word for the following.",
          "qus": "______________ are known to have pseudocoelom.",
          "ans": "Nematodes",
          "code": "GOWF",
          "val": 4
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Label (a), (b), (c) and (d). given in Fig. 7.1 Give the function of (b):*",
          "ans": "(a) Dorsal fin	<br/> (b) Caudal fin	 <br/> (c) Pelvic fin	 <br/> (d) Pectoral fin Function of Caudal fin–Caudal fin helps in the streamlined movement in water.",
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch7a1.jpg",
            "width": "400",
            "height": "199"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Fill in the boxes given in Fig. 7.2 with appropriate characteristics/plant group (s).*",
          "ans": "(a) Thallophyta <br/> (b) Without specialised vascular tissue <br/> (c) Pteridophyta <br/> (d) Phanerogams <br/> (e) Bear naked seeds <br/> (f) Angiosperms <br/> (g) Have seeds with two cotyledons <br/> (h) Monocots",
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch7a2.jpg",
            "width": "400",
            "height": "357"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Write names of few Thallophytes. Draw a labelled diagram of Spirogyra.*",
          "ans": "Ulothrix, Spirogyra, Cladophora, Ulva and Chara,",
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch7a3.jpg",
            "width": "150",
            "height": "209"
          },
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Write names of few Thallophytes. Draw a labelled diagram of Spirogyra.*",
          "ans": "(a) The left and right halves of the body have the same design. Example: liver fluke <br/> (b) Coelom is the internal body cavity between visceral organs and the body wall in which well-developed organs can be accommodated. Example: butterfly <br/> (c) Animals having three layers of cells from which differentiated tissue can be made are called triploblastic. Example: star fish",
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch7a4.jpg",
            "width": "404",
            "height": "126"
          },
          "val": 4
        }
      ],
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    "grade": "Grade 9",
    "co": "ch7_co",
    "fib": "ch7_fib",
    "mcq": "ch7_mcq",
    "nf": "ch7_nf",
    "yn": "ch7_yn",
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    "cbq": "ch7_cbq"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch8",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 8 - Motion",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following figures represents uniform motion of a moving object correctly?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch8a5.jpg",
            "width": "192",
            "height": "146"
          },
          "options": [
            "ch8a5.jpg",
            "ch8a6.jpg",
            "ch8a7.jpg",
            "(d) None of these"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The slope of velocity-time graph gives the ______________________.",
          "ans": "(c) acceleration",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) distance",
            "(b) displacement",
            "(c) acceleration",
            "(d) speed"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The area under v–t graph represents a physical quantity which has the unit ______________________.",
          "ans": "(a) m",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) m",
            "(b) m<sup>3</sup>",
            "(c) ms<sup>–1</sup>",
            "(d) m<sup>2</sup>"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A particle is moving in a circular path of radius r. The displacement after half a circle would be _______________.*",
          "ans": "(c) 2 r",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) zero",
            "(b) π r",
            "(c) 2 r",
            "(d) 2π r"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A body is thrown vertically upward with velocity u, the greatest height h to which it will rise is ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(b) u<sup>2</sup>/2g",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) u/g",
            "(b) u<sup>2</sup>/2g",
            "(c) u<sup>2</sup>/g",
            "(d) u/2g"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The numerical ratio of displacement to distance for a moving object is ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(d) equal or less than 1",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) always less than 1",
            "(b) always equal to 1",
            "(c) always more than 1",
            "(d) equal or less than 1"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "If the displacement of an object is proportional to the square of time, then the object moves with ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(b) uniform acceleration",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) uniform velocity",
            "(b) uniform acceleration",
            "(c) increasing acceleration",
            "(d) decreasing acceleration"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "From the given v–t graph (Fig. 8.1), it can be inferred that the object is ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(a) in uniform motion",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch8a8.jpg",
            "width": "249",
            "height": "166"
          },
          "options": [
            "(a) in uniform motion",
            "(b) at rest",
            "(c) in non-uniform motion",
            "(d) moving with uniform acceleration"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Suppose a boy is enjoying a ride on a merry-go-round which is moving with a constant speed of 10 m s<sup>–1</sup>. It implies that the boy is ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(c) in accelerated motion",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) at rest",
            "(b) moving with no acceleration",
            "(c) in accelerated motion",
            "(d) moving with uniform velocity"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Four cars A, B, C and D are moving on a levelled road. Their distance versus time graphs are shown in Fig. 8.2. Choose the correct statement.",
          "ans": "(b) Car B is the slowest.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch8a9.jpg",
            "width": "194",
            "height": "201"
          },
          "options": [
            "(a) Car A is faster than car D. ",
            "(b) Car B is the slowest.",
            "(c) Car D is faster than car C. ",
            "(d) Car C is the slowest."
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following figures (Fig. 8.3) represents uniform motion of a moving object correctly?*",
          "ans": "(b) Echinodermata",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch8a10.jpg",
            "width": "197",
            "height": "153"
          },
          "options": [
            "ch8a10.jpg",
            "ch8a11.jpg",
            "ch8a12.jpg",
            "ch8a13.jpg"
          ],
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Slope of a velocity-time graph gives ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(c) the acceleration",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) the distance",
            "(b) the displacement",
            "(c) the acceleration",
            "(d) the speed"
          ],
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In which of the following cases of motions, is the distance moved and the magnitude of displacement equal?*",
          "ans": "(a) A car is moving on a straight road.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) A car is moving on a straight road.",
            "(b) A car is moving in a circular path.",
            "(c) The pendulum is moving to and fro.",
            "(d) The earth is revolving around the sun."
          ],
          "val": 13
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "40 km/h = ____________________ m/s.",
          "ans": "11.11",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Rate of change of displacement is called ____________________.",
          "ans": "velocity",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Distance travelled by an object in unit time is called ____________________.",
          "ans": "speed",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The SI unit of speed is ____________________.",
          "ans": "m/s",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Speed with direction is called ____________________.",
          "ans": "velocity",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is the acceleration of a freely falling body.",
          "ans": "9.8 m/s<sup>2</sup>",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Negative acceleration is also known as ____________________.",
          "ans": "retardation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The slope of the distance-time graph gives ____________________.",
          "ans": "velocity",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "If the distance-time graph is a curve, it represents a ____________________.",
          "ans": "non-uniform motion",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Area under the velocity-time graph gives the ____________________by the object.",
          "ans": "distance travelled",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The slope of the velocity-time graph gives ____________________.",
          "ans": "acceleration",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Equation for velocity-time relation is ____________________.",
          "ans": "v = u + at",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Equation for position-time relation is ____________________.",
          "ans": "s = ut + ½ at<sup>2</sup>",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Equation for position-velocity relation is ____________________.",
          "ans": "v<sup>2</sup> – u<sup>2</sup> = 2as",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is the unit of angular velocity.",
          "ans": "rad/s",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A body is rotating along a circular path with constant speed, its acceleration is ____________________.",
          "ans": "increasing",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ motion is an accelerated motion.",
          "ans": "Uniform circular",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 17
        },
        
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Are displacement and distance equal in magnitude?",
          "ans": "Distance and displacement may or may not be equal in magnitude. Displacement is the shortest distance from initial to final position whereas distance is the total path length covered. The two will be equal if a body is moving in a straight line and in the same direction. In other cases, magnitude of displacement is always less than the distance covered.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by instantaneous velocity?",
          "ans": "Instantaneous velocity is the velocity of an object in motion at a specific point in time. This is determined similarly to the average velocity but we narrow the period of the time so it approaches zero.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Bus A travels a distance of 600 km in 5 hours and bus B travels a distance of 300 km in 2 hours. Which bus travels faster?",
          "ans": "Speed = distance/time <br/> For bus A: Speed = 600/5 = 120 km/h <br/> For bus B: Speed = 300/2 = 150 km/h <br/> Since the speed of bus B is more than that of bus A, B is travelling faster.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give 2 points of difference between uniform and non-uniform motion.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Uniform motion",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• When a body covers equal distances in a straight line in equal intervals of time, however small these time intervals may be. e.g. – A body moving with a constant speed in a straight line has uniform motion.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Non-uniform motion",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• When a body covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time in a straight line. e.g. – Circular motion is an example of non-uniform motion.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Compare the angular velocity of earth around its axis with that of the hour hand of a clock.",
          "ans": "The earth completes rotation about its axis in 24 hours, whereas the hour hand completes, rotation in 12 hours. Hence, angular velocity of the earth is half of the hour hand of the clock.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define speed and velocity, and state the difference between them.",
          "ans": "Speed: Distance travelled by an object in unit time <br/> Velocity: Distance travelled by an object in unit time in a particular direction Speed is a scalar quantity while velocity is a vector quantity.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain average velocity.",
          "ans": "When an object is moving along a straight line at a variable speed, the magnitude of its rate of motion in terms of average velocity is :",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch8a1.jpg",
            "width": "386",
            "height": "57"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Given an expression for average speed.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch8a1.jpg",
            "width": "313",
            "height": "43"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "For an object moving with uniform velocity, the acceleration is zero. Explain.",
          "ans": "Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. If velocity is uniform (it does not change with time), acceleration will be zero.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "When is acceleration said to be negative?",
          "ans": "If the velocity of an object is decreasing with time, then the acceleration is negative.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A moving bus is brought to rest within 20 seconds by applying brakes. What is its initial velocity if retardation is 6 m/s<sup>2</sup>?",
          "ans": "u = ? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; v = o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a = –6 m/s<sup>2</sup> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; t = 20s <br/> v = u + at <br/> o = u – 6 × 20 <br/> u = 120 m/s",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain distance-time graph.",
          "ans": "If a body is in uniform motion, its distance-time graph is a straight line whose slope gives its velocity. <br/> If the body is stationary, its distance-time graph is a straight line parallel to time axis. <br/> If the body is in non-uniform motion, its distance-time graph is not straight can be a curve.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain velocity-time graph.",
          "ans": "If a body is moving with a uniform velocity, its velocity-time graph is a straight line parallel to time axis. <br/> If a body is executing accelerated motion (increasing velocity), the graph is a straight line with a slope. <br/> The slope of the graph gives acceleration and the area under the graph gives distance travelled.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Draw graphs for: <br/> (a) uniformly retarded motion <br/> (b) uniformly accelerated motion <br/> (c) uniformly accelerated body <br/> (d) non-uniformly accelerated body",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 14,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch8a3.jpg",
          "width": "425",
          "height": "225"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": " A car is moving at a speed of 12 Km/h. It is retarding at a rate of 2 m/s<sup>2</sup> and comes to rest finally. Find the distance travelled by it.",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 15,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch8a4.jpg",
          "width": "312",
          "height": "148"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain why uniform circular motion is called accelerated motion.",
        "ans": "In uniform circular motion, the magnitude of velocity (speed) of an object remains constant, but its direction changes at every instant. Thus, the body executes accelerated motion.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 16,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Give 2 examples of uniform circular motion.",
        "ans": "Examples: 1. The motion of an electron around the nucleus <br/> 2. The motion of a planet around the sun",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 17,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "A body is moving in a circular path of radius 2m. It completes one round in 3s. What will be its speed?",
        "ans": "As speed	 = Distance/time <br/> = 2πr/t <br/> = (2 × 3.14 × 2)/3 = 12.56/3 = 4.18 m/s",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 18,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "The displacement of a moving object in a given interval of time is zero. Will the distance travelled by the object also be zero? Justify your answer.*",
        "ans": "No. Though the moving object comes back to its initial position, the distance travelled is not zero.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 19,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "A girl walks along a straight path to drop a letter in the letterbox and comes back to her initial position. Her displacement-time graph is shown in Fig. 8.4. Plot a velocity-time graph for the same.*",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 20,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "ch8a14.jpg",
          "width": "233",
          "height": "246"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch8a15.jpg",
          "width": "244",
          "height": "220"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "A car starts from rest and moves along the x-axis with constant acceleration 5 m s<sup>–2</sup> for 8 seconds. If it then continues with constant velocity, what distance will the car cover in 12 seconds since it started from the rest?*",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 21,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch8a16.jpg",
          "width": "291",
          "height": "256"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "A motorcyclist drives from A to B with a uniform speed of 30 km h<sup>–1</sup> and returns back with a speed of 20 km h–1. Find its average speed.*",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 22,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch8a17.jpg",
          "width": "450",
          "height": "123"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "The velocity-time graph (Fig. 8.5) shows the motion of a cyclist. Find (i) its acceleration, (ii) its velocity, and (iii) the distance covered by the cyclist in 15 seconds.*",
        "ans": "(i) Since the velocity is not changing, acceleration is equal to zero. <br/> (ii) Reading the graph, velocity = 20 m s<sup>–1</sup> <br/> (iii)	Distance covered in 15 seconds, s = u × t = 20 × 15 = 300 m",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 23,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "ch8a18.jpg",
          "width": "219",
          "height": "213"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch8a19.jpg",
          "width": "264",
          "height": "231"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Draw a velocity versus time graph of a stone thrown vertically upwards and then coming downwards after attaining the maximum height.*",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 24,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch8a20.jpg",
          "width": "304",
          "height": "247"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "An object is dropped from rest at a height of 150 m and simultaneously, another object is dropped from rest at a height of 100 m. What is the difference in their heights after 2 s if both the objects drop with same accelerations? How does the difference in heights vary with time?*",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 25,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch8a21.jpg",
          "width": "294",
          "height": "335"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "An object starting from rest travels 20 m in first 2 s and 160 m in the next 4 s. What will be the velocity after 7 s from the start?*",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 26,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch8a22.jpg",
          "width": "450",
          "height": "114"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Using the following data, draw time-displacement graph for a moving object:*",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 27,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "ch8a23.jpg",
          "width": "450",
          "height": "75"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch8a24.jpg",
          "width": "450",
          "height": "145"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "An electron moving with a velocity of 5 × 10<sup>4</sup>m s<sup>–1</sup> enters into a uniform electric field and acquires a uniform acceleration of 10<sup>4</sup> m s<sup>–2</sup> in the direction of its initial motion.* (i) Calculate the time in which the electron will acquire a velocity double of its initial velocity. <br/> (ii) How much distance will the electron cover in this time?",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 28,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch8a25.jpg",
          "width": "450",
          "height": "262"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Obtain a relation for the distance travelled by an object moving with a uniform acceleration in the interval between 4<sup>th</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> seconds.*",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 29,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch8a26.jpg",
          "width": "450",
          "height": "238"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": null,
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 30,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "ch8a27.jpg",
          "width": "795",
          "height": "114"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch8a28.jpg",
          "width": "450",
          "height": "224"
        }
      },
      ],
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    "grade": "Grade 9",
    "co": "ch8_co",
    "fib": "ch8_fib",
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    "yn": "ch8_yn",
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    "gowf": "ch8_gowf",
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  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch9",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 9 - Force and Laws of Motion",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The inertia of an object tends to cause the object ______________________.",
          "ans": "(b) to resist any change in its state of motion",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) to increase its speed ",
            "(b) to resist any change in its state of motion",
            "(c) to decrease its speed",
            "(d) to accelerate due to friction"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "An object of mass 2 kg is sliding with a constant velocity of 4m/s on a frictionless horizontal table. The force required to keep the object moving with the same velocity is ______________________.",
          "ans": "(b) 0 N",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 32 N",
            "(b) 0 N",
            "(c) 2 N",
            "(d) 8 N"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A rocket works on the principle of conservation of ______________________.",
          "ans": "(b) momentum",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) mass",
            "(b) momentum",
            "(c) energy",
            "(d) velocity"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "According to the third law of motion, action and reaction ______________________.",
          "ans": "(d) none of these",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) always act on the same body",
            "(b) have same magnitude and directions",
            "(c) act on either body at normal to each other",
            "(d) none of these"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following statements is not correct for an object moving along a straight path in an accelerated motion?*",
          "ans": "(c) It always goes away from the earth.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Its speed keeps changing.",
            "(b) Its velocity always changes.",
            "(c) It always goes away from the earth.",
            "(d) A force is always acting on it."
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "According to the third law of motion, action and reaction ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(b) always act on different bodies in opposite directions",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) always act on the same body",
            "(b) always act on different bodies in opposite directions",
            "(c) have same magnitude and directions",
            "(d) act on either body at normal to each other"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A goalkeeper in a game of football pulls his hands backwards after holding the ball shot at the goal. This enables the goal keeper to ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(b) reduce the force exerted by the ball on his hands",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) exert larger force on the ball",
            "(b) reduce the force exerted by the ball on his hands",
            "(c) increase the rate of change of momentum",
            "(d) decrease the rate of change of momentum"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A passenger in a moving train tosses a coin which falls behind him. It means that the motion of the train is ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(a) accelerated",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) accelerated",
            "(b) uniform",
            "(c) retarded",
            "(d) along circular tracks"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A water tanker filled up to 2/3 of its height is moving with a uniform speed. On sudden application of the brake, the water in the tank would ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(b) move forward",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) move backward",
            "(b) move forward",
            "(c) be unaffected",
            "(d) rise upwards"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "When a constant force is applied on a body, it moves with a constant ____________________.",
          "ans": "velocity",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The SI unit of weight is ____________________.",
          "ans": "newton",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "An object at rest remains at rest and an object in uniform motion continues to be in motion unless an external ____________________ acts on it.",
          "ans": "unbalanced force",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A marble stops rolling after some distance due to the force of ____________________.",
          "ans": "inertia",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The first law of motion defines ____________________.",
          "ans": "inertia",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Heavy body has more ____________________ as compared to lighter body.",
          "ans": "inertia",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Inertia of a body is measured by its ____________________.",
          "ans": "mass",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Newton's second law gives the relation between ____________________.",
          "ans": "force and acceleration",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The second law of motion defines a physical quantity called ____________________.",
          "ans": "momentum",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Action and reaction are ____________________ and ____________________.",
          "ans": "equal; opposite",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Action and reaction act on two ____________________ bodies",
          "ans": "different",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "An action always has its ____________________.",
          "ans": "reaction",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "When two objects collide each other, their total ____________________ remains unchanged.",
          "ans": "momentum",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The law of conservation of momentum is applicable to an system ____________________.",
          "ans": "isolated",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Mention the changes that force may produce.",
          "ans": "A force acting on an object causes the object to change its shape or size, to start moving, to stop moving, to accelerate or decelerate, etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are balanced and unbalanced forces?",
          "ans": "If the resultant of all the forces acting on a body is zero, the forces are called balanced forces. <br/> If the resultant of all the forces acting on a body is not zero, the forces are called unbalanced forces.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the SI unit of force of friction?",
          "ans": "The SI unit of force of friction is Newton (N).",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the SI unit of weight?",
          "ans": "The SI unit of weight is Newton (N).",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "If we jerk a piece of paper under a book quick enough, the book will not move. Why?",
          "ans": "Due to inertia of rest, the quick motion of the paper is not imparted to the book and the book will continue to be at rest.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain an activity to show that forces always occur in pairs.",
          "ans": "Two forces such as kinetic force and gravitational force work together in this activity. <br/> <b>Procedure:</b> Make a pile of carrom coins on a table and attempt a sharp horizontal hit at the bottom of the pile using another carrom coin or strike (kinetic energy). <br/> <b>Observation:</b> When the hit is strong enough, only the bottom coin moves quickly and other coins fall vertically due to inertia of rest and gravitational force. <br/><b>Conclusion:</b> Here you can see that kinetic energy and gravitational energy work in pair.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give Reasons: <br/> (a) When a driver applies brakes to a moving car, we fall forwards. <br/> (b) When a standing bus moves suddenly, we fall backwards. <br/> (c) When a car takes a sharp turn, we are thrown to the side. <br/> (d) A saucer is provided with a groove to place a cup.",
          "ans": "(a)	 When brakes are applied, our feet come to rest but the body continues its motion due to inertia of motion. <br/> (b) When bus moves, our feet are in motion but the body continues to be at rest due to inertia of rest. <br/> (c) We continue to be in a straight line motion due to inertia of direction, when the car takes a turn. <br/> (d) So that the tea cup doesn’t topple over in case of sudden jerks",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define Inertia.",
          "ans": "Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist a change in its state of motion or rest.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Out of a train and a car, which one has more inertia? Why?",
          "ans": "A train has more inertia than a car because it is more massive.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why is mass sometimes called coefficient of linear inertia.",
          "ans": "Since inertia depends upon the mass of the body, it is called coefficient of linear inertia.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },







        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "State Newton's second law.",
          "ans": "It states that the rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the applied unbalanced force in the direction of force.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define momentum and give its unit.",
          "ans": "Momentum is the product of mass and velocity, p = mv. The SI unit of momentum is kg. m/s.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "While taking a catch, a fielder moves his hands backwards. Explain why",
          "ans": "By doing so, he increases the time to decrease the velocity of the ball, so it does not hurt him.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give mathematical formulation of the second law of motion.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch9a1.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "273"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A constant force acts on an object of mass 5 kg for a duration of 2 s. It increases the object’s velocity from 3 m s<sup>–1</sup> to 7 m s<sup>–1</sup>. Find the magnitude of the applied force. Now, if the force was applied for a duration of 5 s, what would be the final velocity of the object?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch9a2.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "195"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A motorcar is moving with a velocity of 108 km/h and it takes 4 s to stop after the brakes are applied. Calculate the force exerted by the brakes on the motorcar if its mass along with the passengers is 1000 kg.",
          "ans": "Since inertia depends upon the mass of the body, it is called coefficient of linear inertia.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch9a3.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "228"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A force of 5 N gives a mass m1, an acceleration of 10 m s<sup>–2</sup> and a mass m2, an acceleration of 20 m s<sup>–2</sup>. What acceleration would it give if both the masses were tied together?",
          "ans": "Since inertia depends upon the mass of the body, it is called coefficient of linear inertia.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch9a4.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "114"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How is acceleration related to force?",
          "ans": " Newton’s second law of motion describes the relationship between force and acceleration. They are directly proportional.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "State Newton's third law of motion.",
          "ans": "It states that action and reaction forces acting on a body are equal and opposite.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give 2 examples to explain Newton's third law.",
          "ans": " 1.	 As the person jumps out of a boat in forward direction (action), the boat moves backwards (reaction). <br/> 2. When a gun is fired, the bullet moves in the forward direction (action) & the gun recoils in the backward direction (reaction).",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "State the law of conservation of momentum.",
          "ans": "It states that the sum of momenta of two objects before collision is equal to the sum of momenta after collision provided no external force acts on them.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A bullet of mass 20 g is horizontally fired with a velocity 150 m s<sup>–1</sup> from a pistol of mass 2 kg. What is the recoil velocity of the pistol?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 22,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch9a5.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "269"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A girl of mass 40 kg jumps with a horizontal velocity of 5 m s<sup>–1</sup> onto a stationary cart with frictionless wheels. The mass of the cart is 3 kg. What is her velocity as the cart starts moving? Assume that there is no external unbalanced force working in the horizontal direction.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 23,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch9a6.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "360"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "There are three solids made up of aluminium, steel and wood, of the same shape and same volume. Which among them would have the highest inertia?*",
          "ans": "As mass is a measure of inertia, the ball of same shape and size, having more mass than the other balls will have the highest inertia. Since steel has greatest density and greatest mass, therefore, it has highest inertia.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 24,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Two balls of the same size but of different materials, rubber and iron are kept on the smooth floor of a moving train. The brakes are applied suddenly to stop the train. Will the balls start rolling? If so, in which direction? Will they move with the same speed? Give reasons for your answer.*",
          "ans": "Yes, the balls will start rolling in the direction in which the train is moving. Due to the application of the brakes, the train comes to rest but due to inertia, the balls try to remain in motion, therefore, they begin to roll. Since the masses of the balls are not same, therefore, inertial forces are not same on both the balls. Thus, the balls will move with different speeds.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 25,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Two identical bullets are fired one by a light rifle and another by a heavy rifle with the same force. Which rifle will hurt the shoulder more and why?*",
          "ans": "The lighter rifle will hurt more since the reaction will be more according to Newton’s third law.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 26,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A horse continues to apply force in order to move a cart with a constant speed. Explain why.*",
          "ans": "The force applied by the horse balances the force of friction.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 27,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Suppose a ball of mass m is thrown vertically upward with an initial speed v, its speed decreases continuously till it becomes zero. Thereafter, the ball begins to fall downward and attains the speed v again before striking the ground. It implies that the magnitude of initial and final momentums of the ball is same. Yet, it is not an example of conservation of momentum. Explain why.*",
          "ans": "Law of conservation of momentum is applicable to isolated system (no external force is applied). In this case, the change in velocity is due to the gravitational force of the earth.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 28,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Velocity versus time graph of a ball of mass 50 g rolling on a concrete floor is shown in Fig. 9.1. Calculate the acceleration and the frictional force of the floor on the ball.*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 29,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch9a7.jpg",
            "width": "248",
            "height": "261"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch9a8.jpg",
            "width": "373",
            "height": "83"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Two friends on roller-skates are standing 5 m apart facing each other. One of them throws a ball of 2 kg towards the other, who catches it. How will this activity affect the position of the two? Explain your answer.*",
          "ans": "The separation between them will increase. Initially, the momentum of both of them is zero as they are at rest. In order to conserve the momentum, the one who throws the ball would move backward. The second will experience a net force after catching the ball and, therefore, will move backwards that is in the direction of the force.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 30,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Water sprinkler used for grass lawns begins to rotate as soon as water is supplied. Explain the principle on which it works.*",
          "ans": "The working of the rotation of the sprinkler is based on the third law of motion. As the water comes out of the nozzle of the sprinkler, an equal and opposite reaction force comes into play. So, the sprinkler starts rotating.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 31,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Using the second law of motion, derive the relation between force and acceleration. A bullet of 10 g strikes a sand-bag at a speed of 10<sup>3</sup> m s<sup>–1</sup> and gets embedded after travelling 5 cm. Calculate* <br/> (i) the resistive force exerted by the sand on the bullet <br/> (ii) the time taken by the bullet to come to rest.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 32,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch9a9.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "265"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Derive the unit of force using the second law of motion. A force of 5 N produces an acceleration of 8 m s<sup>–2</sup> on a mass m1 and an acceleration of 24 m s<sup>–2</sup> on a mass m<sub>2</sub>. What acceleration would the same force provide if both the masses are tied together?*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 33,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch9a10.jpg",
            "width": "350",
            "height": "245"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is momentum? Write its SI unit. Interpret force in terms of momentum. Represent the following graphically:* <br/> (a) momentum versus velocity when mass is fixed <br/> (b) momentum versus mass when velocity is constant",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 34,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch9a11.jpg",
            "width": "492",
            "height": "260"
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 9",
    "co": "ch9_co",
    "fib": "ch9_fib",
    "mcq": "ch9_mcq",
    "nf": "ch9_nf",
    "yn": "ch9_yn",
    "un": "ch9_un",
    "dtf": "ch9_dtf",
    "afq": "ch9_afq",
    "jtf": "ch9_jtf",
    "ctt": "ch9_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch9_ctco",
    "laq": "ch9_laq",
    "afow": "ch9_afow",
    "snc": "ch9_snc",
    "vsaq": "ch9_vsaq",
    "pbq": "ch9_pbq",
    "mtf": "ch9_mtf",
    "saq": "ch9_saq",
    "cs": "ch9_cs",
    "map": "ch9_map",
    "gowf": "ch9_gowf",
    "tf": "ch9_tf",
    "grf": "ch9_grf",
    "arbq": "ch9_arbq",
    "cbq": "ch9_cbq"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch10",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 10 - Gravitation",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A ball is thrown up and attains a maximum height of 100 m. What is its initial speed?",
          "ans": "(b) 44.3 m/s",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 9.8 m/s",
            "(b) 44.3 m/s",
            "(c) 440 m/s",
            "(d) 446 m/s"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The force of gravity is in opposite direction to the direction of motion, when an object is thrown ______________.",
          "ans": "(a) upwards",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) upwards",
            "(b) downwards",
            "(c) backward",
            "(d) forward"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "If a planet existed whose mass was twice and radius was thrice of that of the earth, then how much would a 1 kg mass on its surface weigh?",
          "ans": "(a) 2.17 N",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 2.17 N",
            "(b) 4.4 N",
            "(c) 6.7 N",
            "(d) 13.3 N"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A block weighs 18 N on the surface of the earth. Its weight on the moon is ______________________.",
          "ans": "(c) 3 N",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 18 N",
            "(b) 9 N",
            "(c) 3 N",
            "(d) 1 N"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Mass of a body on the moon is ______________________.",
          "ans": "(c) same as that on the earth",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 6 times as that of the earth",
            "(b) 1/6th of that of the surface of the earth",
            "(c) same as that on the earth",
            "(d) none of these"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Two objects of different masses falling freely near the surface of the moon would:*",
          "ans": "(a) have same velocities at any instant",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) have same velocities at any instant",
            "(b) have different accelerations",
            "(c) experience forces of same magnitude",
            "(d) undergo a change in their inertia"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The value of acceleration due to gravity:*",
          "ans": "(c) is least on the equator",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) is same on the equator and the poles",
            "(b) is least on the poles",
            "(c) is least on the equator",
            "(d) increases from the pole to the equator"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The the gravitational force between two objects is F. If masses of both the objects are halved without changing the distance between them, then the gravitational force would become:*",
          "ans": "(a) F/4",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) F/4",
            "(b) F/2",
            "(c) F",
            "(d) 2 F"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A boy is whirling a stone tied with a string in an horizontal circular path. If the string breaks, the stone:*",
          "ans": "(c) will move along a straight line tangential to the circular path",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) will continue to move in the circular path",
            "(b) will move along a straight line towards the centre of the circular path",
            "(c) will move along a straight line tangential to the circular path",
            "(d) will move along a straight line perpendicular to the circular path away from the boy"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": null,
          "ans": "(d) d<sub>1</sub> < d<sub>2</sub> < d<sub>3</sub>",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch10a12.jpg",
            "width": "550",
            "height": "59"
          },
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) d<sub>1</sub> > d<sub>2</sub> > d<sub>3</sub>",
            "(b) d<sub>1</sub> > d<sub>2</sub> < d<sub>3</sub>",
            "(c) d<sub>1</sub> < d<sub>2</sub> > d<sub>3</sub>",
            "(d) d<sub>1</sub> < d<sub>2</sub> < d<sub>3</sub>"
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In the relation F = G M m / d<sup>2</sup>, the quantity G:*",
          "ans": "(d) is universal constant of nature",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) depends on the value of g at the place of observation",
            "(b) is used only when the earth is one of the two masses",
            "(c) is greatest at the surface of the earth",
            "(d) is universal constant of nature"
          ],
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The law of gravitation gives the gravitational force between:*",
          "ans": "(c) any two bodies having some mass",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) the earth and a point mass only",
            "(b) the earth and the sun only",
            "(c) any two bodies having some mass",
            "(d) two charged bodies only"
          ],
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The value of quantity G in the law of gravitation:*",
          "ans": "(d) is independent of the mass and the radius of the earth",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) depends on the mass of the earth only",
            "(b) depends on the radius of the earth only",
            "(c) depends on both the mass and the radius of the earth",
            "(d) is independent of the mass and the radius of the earth"
          ],
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Two particles are placed at some distance. If the mass of each of the two particles is doubled, keeping the distance between them unchanged, the value of gravitational force between them will be __________.*",
          "ans": "(b) 4 times",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 1/4 times",
            "(b) 4 times",
            "(c) 1/2 times",
            "(d) unchanged"
          ],
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The atmosphere is held to the earth by ____________________.*",
          "ans": "(a) gravity",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) gravity",
            "(b) wind",
            "(c) clouds",
            "(d) the earth’s magnetic field"
          ],
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The force of attraction between two unit point masses separated by a unit distance is called ____________________.*",
          "ans": "(d) universal gravitational constant",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) gravitational potential",
            "(b) acceleration due to gravity",
            "(c) gravitational field",
            "(d) universal gravitational constant"
          ],
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The weight of an object at the centre of the earth of radius R is ____________________.*",
          "ans": "(a) zero",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) zero",
            "(b) infinite",
            "(c) R times the weight at the surface of the earth",
            "(d) 1/R<sup>2</sup> times the weight at surface of the earth"
          ],
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "An apple falls from a tree because of gravitational attraction between the earth and the apple. If F<sub>1</sub> is the magnitude of force exerted by the earth on the apple and F<sub>2</sub> is the magnitude of force exerted by the apple on the earth, then:*",
          "ans": "(d) F<sub>1</sub> and F<sub>2</sub> are equal",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) F<sub>1</sub> is very much greater than F<sub>2</sub>",
            "(b) F<sub>2</sub> is very much greater than F<sub>1</sub>",
            "(c) F<sub>2</sub> is very much greater than F<sub>1</sub>",
            "(d) F<sub>1</sub> and F<sub>2</sub> are equal"
          ],
          "val": 18
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "As we move from equator to pole, the value of g ____________________.",
          "ans": "increases",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The orbits of planets around the sun are ____________________.",
          "ans": "elliptical",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The SI unit of gravitational force is ____________________.",
          "ans": "newton",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In the absence of centripetal force, the body in circular motion will move along the ____________________.",
          "ans": "tangent",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In a vacuum, all the freely falling objects have the same ____________________.",
          "ans": "acceleration",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Value of g at the centre of the earth is ____________________.",
          "ans": "zero (0)",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The value of g is ____________________ on the surface of the earth.",
          "ans": "minimum",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The mass of an object is the measure of its ____________________.",
          "ans": "inertia",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The mass of an object is independent of the ____________________ on which the object is.",
          "ans": "planet",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is a physical quantity measured by physical balance",
          "ans": "planet",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is the force of attraction of the earth.",
          "ans": "Weight",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ of the object changes from planet to planet.",
          "ans": "Weight",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The force acting on an object perpendicular to the surface is called ____________________.",
          "ans": "thrust",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Effect of thrust depends on the ____________________ on which it acts.",
          "ans": "area",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Gases and liquids are called ____________________.",
          "ans": "fluids",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The force that pushes any object upwards in water is called ____________________.",
          "ans": "buoyancy",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "An immersed body experiences an upward force equal to the ____________________ of the fluid displaced.",
          "ans": "weight",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is helpful to determine the purity of gold.",
          "ans": " Archimedes’ principle",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Archimedes' principle is applicable to a body ____________________ or ____________________ immersed.",
          "ans": "partially; fully",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The SI unit of density is ____________________.",
          "ans": "kg/m<sup>3</sup>",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 20
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The unit of relative density is ____________________.",
          "ans": "no unit",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 21
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "If the distance between two objects is doubled, then what will be the effect of gravitational force between them?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10a1.jpg",
            "width": "370",
            "height": "240"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In what sense does the moon fall towards the earth? Why doesn't it actually fall on the earth’s surface?",
          "ans": "The moon is in a state of free fall. It is kept in an orbit due to the centripetal force provided by the force of attraction between the earth and the moon. In the absence of this force, the moon will fly along the circular path.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is gravity?",
          "ans": "Gravity is the gravitation force of attraction between a body and the centre of the earth.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the SI unit of gravitational force?",
          "ans": "The SI unit of gravitational force is Newton (N).",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is centripetal force?",
          "ans": "The force that acts towards the centre & keeps a body moving in the circular path.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give the mathematical form of gravitational force.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10a2.jpg",
            "width": "107",
            "height": "50"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is G? State its SI unit.",
          "ans": "G is called the universal gravitational constant. Its unit is Nm<sup>2</sup>/kg<sup>2</sup>.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A ball is dropped from a height of 200 m. Calculate the speed of the ball on hitting the ground. (g = 10 m/s<sup>2</sup>)",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10a3.jpg",
            "width": "191",
            "height": "104"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How can you determine the mass of the earth?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10a4.jpg",
            "width": "175",
            "height": "173"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write two points of difference between G and g.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10a5.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "122"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What will be the mass of an object whose weight is 49 N?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10a6.jpg",
            "width": "190",
            "height": "153"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the factors on which weight of a body depends?",
          "ans": "It depends on the mass of the body and acceleration due to gravity.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give Reasons: <br/> (a) A camel can run easily on sand while we cannot. <br/> (b) A truck has wider tyres. <br/> (c) Nails and knives have sharp edges.",
          "ans": "(a) The greater the area, less is the pressure. Since the area of a camel’s foot is more, the pressure applied to run on the sand is less. So, the camel can run easily. <br/> (b) The area of a truck’s tyres is more, so the pressure applied due to its weight is less. <br/> (c) Sharp edges have less area. So, more pressure can be applied by less force.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A block of wood is kept on a tabletop. The mass of the wooden block is 5 kg and its dimensions are 40 cm × 20 cm × 10 cm. Find the pressure exerted by the wooden block on the tabletop if it is made to lie on the tabletop with its sides of dimensions (a) 20 cm × 10 cm and (b) 40 cm × 20 cm.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch10a7.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "269"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10a8.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "282"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give reason: when we swim in a pool, we fell lighter.",
          "ans": "The water exerts an upward force on us called buoyancy. Due to it, the gravitational force acting downward decreases and we feel lighter.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "When does an object sink or float in a liquid?",
          "ans": "When the density of an object is more than the liquid, it sinks. When the density of an object is less than the liquid, it floats.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "State the Archimedes’ principle.",
          "ans": "When a body is immersed fully or partially in a fluid, it experiences an upward force that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by it.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write the applications of Archimedes' principle.",
          "ans": "(a) Designing of ships and submarines <br/> (b) In lactometers to determine purity of milk. <br/> (c) In hydrometer to determine density of liquids.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "An object weighs 10 N in air. When immersed fully in water, it weighs only 8 N. What will be the weight of the liquid displaced by the object?*",
          "ans": "10 N – 8 N = 2 N",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },

        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define relative density.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10a9.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "62"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Relative density of silver is 10.8. The density of water is 10<sup>3</sup> kg m<sup>–3</sup>. What is the density of silver in SI unit?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10a10.jpg",
            "width": "277",
            "height": "70"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why is relative density a unitless quantity?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10a11.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "36"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the source of centripetal force that a planet requires to revolve around the sun? On what factors does that force depend?*",
          "ans": "Gravitational force is the source of centripetal force that a planet requires to revolve around the sun. This force depends on the product of the masses of the planet and the sun and the distance between them.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 22,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "On the earth, a stone is thrown from a height in a direction parallel to the earth’s surface while another stone is simultaneously dropped from the same height. Which stone would reach the ground first and why?*",
          "ans": "Both the stones will take the same time to reach the ground because the two stones are falling from the same height.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 23,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Suppose the gravity of earth suddenly becomes zero, then in which direction will the moon begin to move if no other celestial body affects it?*",
          "ans": "The moon will begin to move in a straight line in the direction in which it was moving at that instant because the circular motion of the moon is due to centripetal force provided by the gravitational force of the earth.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 24,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Identical packets are dropped from two aeroplanes, one above the equator and the other above the north pole, both at height h. Assuming all conditions are identical, will those packets take same time to reach the surface of the earth? Justify your answer.*",
          "ans": "The value of ‘g’ at the equator of the earth is less than that at the poles. Therefore, the packet will fall slowly at the equator in comparison to the poles. Thus, the packet will remain in air for a longer time interval, when it is dropped at the equator.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 25,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "The weight of any person on the moon is about 1/6 times of that on the earth. He can lift a mass of 15 kg on the earth. What will be the maximum mass which can be lifted by the same force applied by the person on the moon?*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 26,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10a13.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "113"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Calculate the average density of the earth in terms of g, G and R.*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 27,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10a14.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "100"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "The earth is acted upon by the gravitation of the sun, even though it does not fall into the sun. Why?*",
          "ans": "The earth does not fall into the sun because it keeps revolving around the sun. This creates a centripetal force that pulls the earth away from the sun. When this force is equal to the gravitational attraction, the earth becomes stable.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 28,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How does the weight of an object vary with respect to the mass and radius of the earth? In a hypothetical case, if the diameter of the earth becomes half of its present value and its mass becomes four times of its present value, then how would the weight of any object on the surface of the earth be affected?*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 29,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10a15.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "201"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How does the force of attraction between the two bodies depend upon their masses and the distance between them? A student thought that two bricks tied together would fall faster than a single one under the action of gravity. Do you agree with his hypothesis or not? Comment.*",
          "ans": "null",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 30,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10a16.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "87"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Two objects of masses m<sub>1</sub> and m<sub>2</sub> having the same size are dropped simultaneously from heights h1 and h2 respectively. Find out the ratio of time they would take in reaching the ground. Will this ratio remain the same if (i) one of the objects is hollow and the other one is solid and (ii) both of them are hollow, size remaining the same in each case? Give reason.*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 31,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10a17.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "104"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "(a) A cube of side 5 cm is immersed in water and then in a saturated salt solution. In which case will it experience a greater buoyant force? If each side of the cube is reduced to 4 cm and then immersed in water, what will be the effect on the buoyant force experienced by the cube as compared to the first case for water? Give reason for each case.* <br/> (b) A ball weighing 4 kg of density 4000 kg m<sup>–3</sup> is completely immersed in water of density 10<sup>3</sup> kg m<sup>–3</sup>. Find the force of buoyancy on it. (Given g = 10 m s<sup>–2</sup>)",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 32,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10a18.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "132"
          }
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
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      [],
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      [],
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      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 9",
    "co": "ch10_co",
    "fib": "ch10_fib",
    "mcq": "ch10_mcq",
    "nf": "ch10_nf",
    "yn": "ch10_yn",
    "un": "ch10_un",
    "dtf": "ch10_dtf",
    "afq": "ch10_afq",
    "jtf": "ch10_jtf",
    "ctt": "ch10_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch10_ctco",
    "laq": "ch10_laq",
    "afow": "ch10_afow",
    "snc": "ch10_snc",
    "vsaq": "ch10_vsaq",
    "pbq": "ch10_pbq",
    "mtf": "ch10_mtf",
    "saq": "ch10_saq",
    "cs": "ch10_cs",
    "map": "ch10_map",
    "gowf": "ch10_gowf",
    "tf": "ch10_tf",
    "grf": "ch10_grf",
    "arbq": "ch10_arbq",
    "cbq": "ch10_cbq"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch11",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 11 - Work and Energy",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The work done on an object does not depend on the ______________________ of the object.",
          "ans": "(a) initial velocity",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) initial velocity",
            "(b) force applied",
            "(c) displacement",
            "(d) none of these"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The unit of energy is ______________________.",
          "ans": "(c) joule",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) newton metre",
            "(b) kilowatt hour",
            "(c) joule",
            "(d) all of these"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In case of negative work, the angle between force and displacement is ______________________.",
          "ans": "(d) 180°",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 45°",
            "(b) 60°",
            "(c) 120°",
            "(d) 180°"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "When a body falls freely towards the earth, then its total energy ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(c) remains constant",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) increases",
            "(b) decreases",
            "(c) remains constant",
            "(d) first increases and then decreases"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A car is accelerated on a levelled road and attains a velocity 4 times of its initial velocity. In this process, the potential energy of the car ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(a) does not change",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) does not change",
            "(b) becomes twice to that of initial velocity",
            "(c) becomes 4 times that of initial velocity",
            "(d) becomes 16 times that of initial velocity"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "An iron sphere of mass 10 kg has the same diameter as an aluminium sphere of mass 3.5 kg. Both spheres are dropped simultaneously from a tower. When they are 10 m above the ground, they have the same ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(c) potential energy",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) acceleration",
            "(b) momenta",
            "(c) potential energy",
            "(d) kinetic energy"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A girl is carrying a school bag of 3 kg mass on her back and moves 200 m on a levelled road. The work done against the gravitational force will be (g = 10 m s<sup>–2</sup>) _____________________.*",
          "ans": "(a) 6 × 10<sup>3</sup> J",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 6 × 10<sup>3</sup> J",
            "(b) 6 J",
            "(c) 0.6 J",
            "(d) zero"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following is not the unit of energy?*",
          "ans": "(c) Kilowatt",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Joule",
            "(b) Newton metre",
            "(c) Kilowatt",
            "(d) Kilowatt hour"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Water stored in a dam possesses ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(d) potential energy",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch11a6.jpg",
            "width": "235",
            "height": "178"
          },
          "options": [
            "(a) no energy",
            "(b) electrical energy",
            "(c) kinetic energy",
            "(d) potential energy"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A body is falling from a height h. After it has fallen a height h/2, it will possess ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(c) half potential and half kinetic energy",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) only potential energy",
            "(b) only kinetic energy",
            "(c) half potential and half kinetic energy",
            "(d) more kinetic and less potential energy"
          ],
          "val": 10
        }, 
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Work done can be ____________________, ____________________ or ____________________.",
          "ans": "positive; negative; zero",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Work is a ____________________ quantity.",
          "ans": "scalar",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The SI unit of work is ____________________.",
          "ans": "joule",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "If mass is double, ____________________ energy is also doubled.",
          "ans": "kinetic/potential",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Kgm<sup>2</sup>S<sup>–2</sup> is a unit of ____________________.",
          "ans": "energy",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The SI unit of energy is ____________________.",
          "ans": "joule",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The SI unit of power is ____________________.",
          "ans": "watt",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The commercial unit of energy is ____________________.",
          "ans": "Kwh",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Power measures the ____________________ of work done.",
          "ans": "speed",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "1 watt = ____________________.",
          "ans": "1 joule/s",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define work. Give examples.",
          "ans": "Work is said to be done on a body if a force applied on a body displaces it in the direction of force. <br/> <b>Example:</b> A boy pushes a chair, a child pulls a toy car, etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Can the work done be negative? Explain it by giving examples.",
          "ans": "Work done can be negative if a force is applied in a direction opposite to the direction of motion. <br/>  ∴ W = F(–S) = –FS <br/> Examples: (i) When we wish to stop a moving car by applying a backward force, the work done is negative because force is being applied in a direction opposite to that of the displacement. <br/> (ii) When a fielder catches a ball, the force and the displacement are in opposite direction.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give two examples of zero work done even when an object moves by some distance.",
          "ans": " (a) Work done by an electron in revolving around the nucleus is zero since the force of attraction between the electron and nucleus is perpendicular to the direction of motion. There is no component of force in the direction of motion; hence, work done is zero. <br/> (b) A man carrying load on his head, moving in horizontal direction does no work because the force applied (vertically) is perpendicular to the direction of motion (horizontally). Since there is no component of force in the direction of displacement, no work is done.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain when the work done can be (i) positive, (ii) negative, (iii) zero.",
          "ans": "1. Work done is positive if force and displacement are in the same direction. <br/> 2. Work done is negative if force and displacement are in opposite direction. <br/> 3. Work done is zero if force and displacement are perpendicular to each other.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "State different kinds of energies.",
          "ans": " Sound energy, heat energy, light energy, chemical energy, mechanical energy, and nuclear energy. <br/> Energy can be converted from one form to another.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "If momentum of two bodies is equal, will their kE be also equal?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch11a1.jpg",
            "width": "349",
            "height": "224"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is energy? Is it a scalar or vector quantity? What is its unit?",
          "ans": "Energy of a body is its capacity to do work. It is measured by the total amount of work that a body can do without paying any regard to the time in which work is completed, Energy is a scalar quantity and has the same unit as that of work i.e., joule [J].",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Two bodies of same mass are moving with velocities in ratio 1:2 respectively. What will be the ratio of their kinetic energies?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch11a2.jpg",
            "width": "474",
            "height": "298"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Differentiate between potential energy and kinetic energy.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch11a3.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "123"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain power and give its unit.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch11a4.jpg",
            "width": "318",
            "height": "132"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain commercial unit of energy and its conversions.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch11a5.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "82"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A rocket is moving up with a velocity v. If the velocity of this rocket is suddenly tripled, what will be the ratio of two kinetic energies?*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch11a7.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "109"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Avinash can run with a speed of 8 m s<sup>–1</sup> against the frictional force of 10 N, and Kapil can move with a speed of 3 m s<sup>–1</sup> against the frictional force of 25 N. Who is more powerful and why?*",
          "ans": "Power of Avinash P<sub>A</sub> = F<sub>A</sub> . vA = 10 × 8 = 80 W <br/> The power of Kapil P<sub>k</sub> = F<sub>k</sub> . v<sub>k</sub> = 25 × 3 = 75 W <br/> So, Avinash is more powerful than Kapil.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A boy is moving on a straight road against a frictional force of 5 N. After travelling a distance of 1.5 km, he forgot the correct path at a roundabout (Fig. 11.1) of radius 100 m. However, he moves on the circular path for one and a half cycle and then he moves forward up to 2.0 km. Calculate the work done by him.*",
          "ans": "F = 5 N <br/> W = F . S <br/> W = 5 × [1500 + 200 + 2000] = 18500 J",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Can any object have mechanical energy even if its momentum is zero? Explain.*",
          "ans": "Yes, mechanical energy comprises both potential energy and kinetic energy. Momentum is zero which means the velocity is zero. Hence, there is no kinetic energy but the object may possess potential energy.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Can any object have momentum even if its mechanical energy is zero? Explain.*",
          "ans": "No. Since mechanical energy is zero, there is no potential energy and no kinetic energy. Kinetic energy being zero, velocity is zero. Hence, there will be no momentum.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "The power of a motor pump is 2 kW. How much water per minute can the pump raise to a height of 10 m? (Given g = 10 m s<sup>–2</sup>)",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch11a8.jpg",
            "width": "325",
            "height": "91"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "The weight of a person on planet A is about half of that on the earth. He can jump up to 0.4 m height on the surface of the earth. How high can he jump on planet A?*",
          "ans": "Since the weight of the person on planet A is half of that on the earth, acceleration due to gravity there will be 1/2 of that on the earth. Hence, he can jump double the height with the same muscular force.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "The velocity of a body moving in a straight line is increased by applying a constant force F for some distance in the direction of the motion. Prove that the increase in the kinetic energy of the body is equal to the work done by the force on the body.*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch11a9.jpg",
            "width": "400",
            "height": "147"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Is it possible that an object be in the state of accelerated motion due to external force acting on it, but no work is being done by the force? Explain it with an example.*",
          "ans": "Is it possible that an object be in the state of accelerated motion due to external force acting on it, but no work is being done by the force? Explain it with an example.*",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A ball is dropped from a height of 10 m. If the energy of the ball reduces by 40% after striking the ground, how much high can the ball bounce back? (g = 10 m s<sup>–2</sup>)*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch11a10.jpg",
            "width": "474",
            "height": "62"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "If an electric iron of 1200 W is used for 30 minutes every day, find the electric energy consumed in the month of April.*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 22,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch11a11.jpg",
            "width": "213",
            "height": "162"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A light and a heavy object have the same momentum. Find out the ratio of their kinetic energies. Which one has a larger kinetic energy?*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 23,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch11a12.jpg",
            "width": "465",
            "height": "307"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "An automobile engine propels a 1000 kg car (A) along a levelled road at a speed of 36 km h–1. Find the power if the opposing frictional force is 100 N. Now, suppose after travelling a distance of 200 m, this car collides with another stationary car (B) of same mass and comes to rest. Let its engine also stop at the same time. Now car (B) starts moving on the same level road without getting its engine started. Find the speed of the car (B) just after the collision.*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 24,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch11a13.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "226"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A girl having mass of 35 kg sits on a trolley of mass 5 kg. The trolley is given an initial velocity of 4 m s–1 by applying a     force. The trolley comes to rest after traversing a distance of 16 m. (a) How much work is done on the trolley? (b) How much work is done by the girl?*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 25,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch11a14.jpg",
            "width": "380",
            "height": "163"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Four men lift a 250 kg box to a height of 1 m and hold it without raising or lowering it. (a) How much work is done by the men in lifting the box? (b) How much work do they do in just holding it? (c) Why do they get tired while holding it? (g = 10 m s<sup>–2</sup>)*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 26,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch11a15.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "152"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is power? How do you differentiate kilowatt from kilowatt hour? The Jog Falls in Karnataka are nearly 20 m high. 2000 tonnes of water falls from it in a minute. Calculate the equivalent power if all this energy can be utilised? (g = 10 m s<sup>–2<sup>)*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 27,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch11a16.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "118"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How is power related to the speed at which a body can be lifted? How many kilograms will a man working at the power of 100 W be able to be lifted at a constant speed of 1 m s<sup>–1</sup> vertically? (g = 10 m s<sup>–2</sup>)*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 28,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch11a17.jpg",
            "width": "394",
            "height": "127"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define watt. Express kilowatt in terms of joule per second. A 150 kg car engine develops 500 W for each kg.What force does it exert in moving the car at a speed of 20 m s<sup>–1</sup>?*",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 29,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch11a18.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "125"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Compare the power at which each of the following is moving upwards against the force of gravity? (given g = 10 m s<sup>–2</sup>)* <br/> (i) A butterfly of mass 1.0 g that flies upward at a rate of 0.5 m s<sup>–1</sup> <br/> (ii) A 250 g squirrel climbing up on a tree at a rate of 0.5 m s<sup>–1</sup>",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 30,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch11a19.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "193"
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 9",
    "co": "ch11_co",
    "fib": "ch11_fib",
    "mcq": "ch11_mcq",
    "nf": "ch11_nf",
    "yn": "ch11_yn",
    "un": "ch11_un",
    "dtf": "ch11_dtf",
    "afq": "ch11_afq",
    "jtf": "ch11_jtf",
    "ctt": "ch11_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch11_ctco",
    "laq": "ch11_laq",
    "afow": "ch11_afow",
    "snc": "ch11_snc",
    "vsaq": "ch11_vsaq",
    "pbq": "ch11_pbq",
    "mtf": "ch11_mtf",
    "saq": "ch11_saq",
    "cs": "ch11_cs",
    "map": "ch11_map",
    "gowf": "ch11_gowf",
    "tf": "ch11_tf",
    "grf": "ch11_grf",
    "arbq": "ch11_arbq",
    "cbq": "ch11_cbq"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch12",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 12 - Sound",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Note is a sound:",
          "ans": "(b) of a mixture of several frequencies",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) of a single frequency",
            "(b) of a mixture of several frequencies",
            "(c) of a mixture of two frequencies only",
            "(d) which is always unpleasant to listen to"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In SONAR, we use ______________________.",
          "ans": "(c) ultrasonic waves",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) radio waves",
            "(b) infrasonic waves",
            "(c) ultrasonic waves",
            "(d) audible sound waves"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Infrasound can be heard by a ______________________.",
          "ans": "(a) dog",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) dog",
            "(b) bat",
            "(c) human being",
            "(d) rhinoceros"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Before playing the orchestra in a musical concert, a sitarist tries to adjust the tension and pluck the string suitably. By doing so, he is adjusting the ______________________.",
          "ans": "(c) frequency of sitar string with the frequency of other musical instruments",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) intensity of the sound",
            "(b) amplitude of the sound",
            "(c) frequency of sitar string with the frequency of other musical instruments",
            "(d) none of these"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A key of a mechanical piano is struck gently and then struck again but much harder this time. In the second case,  ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(a) the sound will be louder but the pitch will not be different",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) the sound will be louder but the pitch will not be different",
            "(b) the sound will be louder and the pitch will also be higher",
            "(c) the sound will be louder but the pitch will be lower",
            "(d) both loudness and pitch will remain unaffected"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Sound travels in air if ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(c) disturbance moves",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) the particles of medium travel from one place to another",
            "(b) there is no moisture in the atmosphere",
            "(c) disturbance moves",
            "(d) both particles as well as disturbance travel from one place to another"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "When we change a feeble sound to loud sound, we increase its ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(b) amplitude",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) frequency",
            "(b) amplitude",
            "(c) velocity",
            "(d) wavelength"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In the curve (Fig.12.1), half the wavelength is ______________________.*",
          "ans": "(b) B D",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch12a7.jpg",
            "width": "158",
            "height": "116"
          },
          "options": [
            "(a) A B",
            "(b) B D",
            "(c) D E",
            "(d) A E"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which kind of sound do earthquakes produce before the main shock wave begins?*",
          "ans": "(b) Infrasound",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Ultrasound",
            "(b) Infrasound",
            "(c) kinetic energy",
            "(d) None of the above"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is the most common medium through which sound travels.",
          "ans": "Air",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The peak represents the region of ____________________ compression.",
          "ans": "highest",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The speed of sound in Helium gas is ____________________.",
          "ans": "972 m/s",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The matter through which sound is transmitted is called ____________________.",
          "ans": "medium",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Sound that can be heard by humans is called ____________________ sound.",
          "ans": "audible",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The minimum distance between the original sound and the reflected sound should be ____________________.",
          "ans": "17.2 m",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Sound is reflected at an angle equal to the angle of ____________________.",
          "ans": "incidence",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________  is used to listen to sounds produced within our body.",
          "ans": "Stethoscope",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Reflection of sound from a distant object is called ____________________.",
          "ans": "echo",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Sound cannot travel through ____________________.",
          "ans": "vacuum",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Sonic range for humans is ____________________ to ____________________.",
          "ans": "20 Hz; 20000 Hz",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ are high frequency waves.",
          "ans": "Ultrasounds",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The full form of ECG is ____________________.",
          "ans": "electrocardiography",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is used for the examination of foetus during pregnancy.",
          "ans": "Ultrasonography",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is used to determine the depth of sea.",
          "ans": "Ultrasonography",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The outer ear which collects the sound is called ____________________.",
          "ans": "pinna",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________, ____________________ and ____________________ are 3 bones of the middle ear.",
          "ans": "Malleus; incus; stapes",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 17
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Perform an activity to show that a longitudinal wave travels in form of compression and rarefactions.",
          "ans": "Sound in the air gets propagated in the form of longitudinal wave consisting of regions of compressions and rarefactions. Consider a tuning fork in a state of vibration.As a prong movestowardsright, it compresses the layer of air in contact with it. As air has elasticity, the compressed air tends to relieve itself of its stain and moves forward to the right to compress the next layer and so on. Thus, a wave of compression moves towards the right. At the point of compression, there is an increase of pressure and is shown in the form of crest C. At the point of rarefaction, the concentration of particles is least and has been shown through R.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch12a1.jpg",
            "width": "216",
            "height": "116"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by pitch?",
          "ans": "Pitch is the characteristic of sound with the help of which we can distinguish between different sounds having same loudness. It depends on the frequency of vibration.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is sonic boom?",
          "ans": "Supersonic aircraft often move with speed more than that of sound. When a source processing sound moves with supersonic speed, it produces high energy shock waves in air. The shock waves produced then carry energy sufficient to shatter window panes and even damage buildings. The air pressure variation due to these shock waves usually produce very sharp loud and unpleasant sound called sonic boom.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give four names of stringed instruments.",
          "ans": "The stringed instruments are guitar, violin, santoor, veena, tanpura, sitar, etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What will be the frequency of a wave whose time period is 0.5 seconds?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch12a2.jpg",
            "width": "200",
            "height": "82"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name different types of instruments and discuss which part of the instrument vibrates to produce sound.",
          "ans": "(a) String instruments – String vibrates <br/> Example: guitar, sitar, veena <br/> (b)	 Percussion instruments – Membrane vibrates <br/> Example: tabla, drum, banjo <br/> (c) Wind instruments – Air column vibrates <br/> Example: flute, saxophone, mouth organ, shehnai, flute",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is bulb horn?",
          "ans": "Bulb horn is a device used to send sound in a particular direction.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In which medium does the sound travel the fastest? Why?",
          "ans": "Sound travels the fastest in solids because molecules are close enough to transmit the vibration.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "State important characteristics of a sound wave.",
          "ans": "1. Frequency – unit (Hertz) <br/>	 2.	 amplitude – unit (m) <br/>  3.	 Speed – unit (m/s)",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the relation between velocity, frequency and wavelength of a sound wave?",
          "ans": "Velocity = Frequency × Wavelength or v = f l",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How are frequency and time period of a sound wave related?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch12a3.jpg",
            "width": "201",
            "height": "53"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are wavelength, frequency, time period and amplitude of a sound wave?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch12a4.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "148"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why are sound waves called mechanical waves?",
          "ans": "Sound waves are called mechanical waves because these are produced due to the forward and backward motion of the material particle. Sound cannot travel in vacuum. It requires medium to travel.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are seismic waves?",
          "ans": "It has been observed that sometimes there are disturbances inside the earth which causes the waves to move in all possible directions. Such waves are known as seismic waves. These waves cause earthquake. In a number of cases, these seismic waves are so strong that they cause large scale damage to life and property.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name some instruments based on the reflection of sound.",
          "ans": "Stethoscope, sound boards, megaphones, trumpets, etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the upper limit of sound wave audible to human beings?",
          "ans": "Humans can hear sound waves lower than a frequency of 20,000 Hz.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Elephants become very restless just before earthquakes. Why so?",
          "ans": "Infrasonic waves (waves with frequency less than 20 Hz) precedes an earthquake. Elephants are very sensitive to this range and hence, become restless.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Calculate the wavelength of a sound wave whose frequency is 220 Hz and speed is 440 m/s in a given medium.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch12a5.jpg",
            "width": "172",
            "height": "172"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the range of frequencies associated with <br/> (a) infrasound <br/> (b) ultrasound? Explain how animals use them.",
          "ans": "(a) Infrasound: Infrasound is a sound of frequency below 20Hz. Rhinoceroses communicate with each other using frequency as low as 5Hz. Elephants and whales also produce infrasound. <br/> (b) Ultrasonic: Ultrasonic or ultrasound is a sound of frequency higher than 20 KHz. It is produced by dolphins, bats, rats and porpoises.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the uses of SONAR? Write its full form.",
          "ans": "The word SONAR stands for Sound Navigation and Ranging. <br/> Uses of SONAR: <br/> • To determine the depth of sea <br/> • Ultrasonography is used to check internal organs. <br/> • Used by army in warfare",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is ultrasonography? Explain.",
          "ans": "In this technique, ultrasonic waves are pushed to the tissue of our body and are reflected back from the region with changed tissue density. Then, these reflected ultrasonic waves are converted into electrical signal which can produce the image of the particular organ. Ultrasound images help in the diagnosis of a wide range of diseases and conditions.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write any four applications of ultrasound.",
          "ans": "(a) Ultrasound waves are used to find the depth of a sea using SONAR. <br/> (b) These waves are used by a dentist to compress the silver filling in the cavity teeth. <br/> (c) Ultrasound can be used to detect and locate cracks in a metal block. <br/> (d) Ultrasound scanner uses ultrasonic waves for scanning different parts of the body    such as the liver, heart, uterus and kidney. <br/> (e) Ultrasound is used to crush stones in the kidney. These are flushed out later from the body with urine.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 22,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is echocardiography?",
          "ans": "It is a test that uses sound waves to produce live images of human heart and monitor its functioning.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 23,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain the structure of the human ear with a diagram.",
          "ans": "The outer ear is called ‘pinna’. It collects the sound from the surroundings. The collected sound passes through the auditory canal. At the end of the auditory canal, there is a    thin membrane called the eardrum or tympanic membrane. When a compression of The outer ear is called ‘pinna’. It collects the sound from the surroundings. The collected sound passes through the auditory canal. At the end of the auditory canal, there is a thin membrane called the eardrum or tympanic membrane. When a compression of cochlea. These electrical signals are sent to the brain via the auditory nerve, and the brain interprets them as sound.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 24,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch12a6.jpg",
            "width": "330",
            "height": "257"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "The given graph (Fig.12.2) shows the displacement versus time relation for a disturbance travelling with a velocity of 1500 m s<sup>–1</sup>. Calculate the wavelength of the disturbance.* ",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 25,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch12a8.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "187"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch12a9.jpg",
            "width": "375",
            "height": "135"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which of the below two graphs (a) and (b) (Fig.12.3) representing the human voice is likely to be the male voice? Give reason for your answer.*",
          "ans": "Graph (a) represents the male voice. Usually, the male voice has a lower pitch (or frequency) as compared to the female voice.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 26,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch12a10.jpg",
            "width": "396",
            "height": "262"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A girl is sitting in the middle of a park of dimension 12 m × 12 m. On the left side of it, there is a building adjoining the park and on right side of the park, there is a road adjoining the park. A sound is produced on the road by a cracker. Is it possible for the girl to hear the echo of this sound? Explain your answer.*",
          "ans": "If the time gap between the original sound and the reflected sound received by the listener is around 0.1 s, only then the echo can be heard. <br/> The minimum distance travelled by the reflected sound wave for distinctly listening to the echo = velocity of sound × time interval = 344 × 0.1 = 34.4 m <br/>  But in this case, the distance travelled by the sound reflected from the building and then reaching the girl will be (6 + 6) = 12 m, which is much smaller than the required distance. Therefore, no echo can be heard.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 27,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why do we hear the sound produced by the humming bees while the sound of vibrations of pendulum is not heard?*",
          "ans": "Humming bees produce sound by vibrating their wings which is in the audible range. In case of pendulum the frequency is below 20 Hz which does not come in the audible range.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 28,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "If any explosion takes place at the bottom of a lake, what type of shock waves in water will take place?*",
          "ans": "Longitudinal waves.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 29,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Sound produced by a thunderstorm is heard 10 s after the lightning is seen. Calculate the approximate distance of the thunder cloud. (Given speed of sound = 340 m s<sup>–1</sup>.)*",
          "ans": "s = 340 m s<sup>–1</sup> × 10 s = 3400 m or 3.4 km.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 30,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "For hearing the loudest ticking sound heard by the ear, find the angle x in Fig. 12.4.*",
          "ans": "∠i = ∠r, so x = 90° – ∠r = 90°– 50° = 40°.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 31,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch12a11.jpg",
            "width": "430",
            "height": "234"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why are the ceiling and wall behind the stage of good conference halls or concert halls made curved?*",
          "ans": "Ceiling and walls are made curved so that sound after reflection reaches the target audience.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 32,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Represent graphically by two separate diagrams in each case.* <br/> (i) Two sound waves having the same amplitude but different frequencies. <br/> (ii) Two sound waves having the same frequency but different amplitudes. <br/> (iii) Two sound waves having different amplitudes and also different wavelengths.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 33,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch12a12.jpg",
            "width": "486",
            "height": "409"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Establish the relationship between speed of sound, its wavelength and frequency. If velocity of sound in air is 340 m s<sup>–1</sup>, calculate* <br/> (i) wavelength when frequency is 256 Hz. <br/> (ii) frequency when wavelength is 0.85 m.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 34,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch12a13.jpg",
            "width": "166",
            "height": "213"
          }
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 9",
    "co": "ch12_co",
    "fib": "ch12_fib",
    "mcq": "ch12_mcq",
    "nf": "ch12_nf",
    "yn": "ch12_yn",
    "un": "ch12_un",
    "dtf": "ch12_dtf",
    "afq": "ch12_afq",
    "jtf": "ch12_jtf",
    "ctt": "ch12_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch12_ctco",
    "laq": "ch12_laq",
    "afow": "ch12_afow",
    "snc": "ch12_snc",
    "vsaq": "ch12_vsaq",
    "pbq": "ch12_pbq",
    "mtf": "ch12_mtf",
    "saq": "ch12_saq",
    "cs": "ch12_cs",
    "map": "ch12_map",
    "gowf": "ch12_gowf",
    "tf": "ch12_tf",
    "grf": "ch12_grf",
    "arbq": "ch12_arbq",
    "cbq": "ch12_cbq"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch13",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 13 - Why Do We Fall Ill",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is spread through water?",
          "ans": "(c) Both (a) & (b)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Jaundice",
            "(b) Cholera",
            "(c) Both (a) & (b)",
            "(d) None of these"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following has a long-term effect on health of an individual?",
          "ans": "(b) Chewing tobacco",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Stress",
            "(b) Chewing tobacco",
            "(c) Chickenpox",
            "(d) Common cold"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which disease is not transmitted by mosquito?",
          "ans": "(a) Typhoid",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Typhoid",
            "(b) Typhoid",
            "(c) Malaria",
            "(d) Brain fever"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "AIDS cannot be transmitted by",
          "ans": "(a) hugs",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) hugs",
            "(b) sexual contact",
            "(c) breast feeding",
            "(d) blood transfusion"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Viruses which cause hepatitis are transmitted through",
          "ans": "(b) water",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) air",
            "(b) water",
            "(c) food",
            "(d) personal contact"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following is not a viral disease?*",
          "ans": "(c) Typhoid",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Dengue",
            "(b) AIDS",
            "(c) Typhoid",
            "(d) Influenza"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following is not a bacterial disease?*",
          "ans": "(d) Influenza",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Cholera",
            "(b) Tuberculosis",
            "(c) Anthrax",
            "(d) Influenza"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following disease is caused by bacteria?*",
          "ans": "(d) Malaria",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Typhoid",
            "(b) Anthrax",
            "(c) Tuberculosis",
            "(d) Malaria"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following diseases is caused by protozoans?*",
          "ans": "(a) Malaria",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Malaria",
            "(b) Influenza",
            "(c) AIDS",
            "(d) Cholera"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following can make you ill if you come in contact with an infected person?*",
          "ans": "(c) Sneezing",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) High blood pressure",
            "(b) Genetic abnormalities",
            "(c) Sneezing",
            "(d) Blood cancer"
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Making anti-viral drugs is more difficult than making anti-bacterial medicines because*",
          "ans": "(c) viruses have very few biochemical mechanisms of their own.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) viruses make use of host machinery.",
            "(b) viruses are on the border line of living and non-living.",
            "(c) viruses have very few biochemical mechanisms of their own.",
            "(d) viruses have a protein coat."
          ],
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following causes kala-azar?*",
          "ans": "(c) Leishmania",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Ascaris",
            "(b) Trypanosoma",
            "(c) Leishmania",
            "(d) Bacteria"
          ],
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "If you live in a overcrowded and poorly ventilated house, it is possible that you may suffer from which of the following diseases?*",
          "ans": "(c) Airborne diseases",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Cancer",
            "(b) AIDS",
            "(c) Airborne diseases",
            "(d) Cholera"
          ],
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which disease is not transmitted by mosquitoes?*",
          "ans": "(d) Pneumonia",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Dengue",
            "(b) Malaria",
            "(c) Brain fever or encephalitis",
            "(d) Pneumonia"
          ],
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following is not important for individual health?*",
          "ans": "(d) Living in a large and well furnished house.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Living in clean space",
            "(b) Good economic condition",
            "(c) Social equality and harmony",
            "(d) Living in a large and well furnished house."
          ],
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Choose the wrong statement.*",
          "ans": "(c) Peptic ulcers are caused by eating acidic food.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) High blood pressure is caused by excessive weight and lack of exercise.",
            "(b) Cancers can be caused by genetic abnormalities.",
            "(c) Peptic ulcers are caused by eating acidic food.",
            "(d) Acne in not caused by staphylococci."
          ],
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "We should not allow mosquitoes to breed in our surroundings because they*",
          "ans": "(b) are vectors for many diseases",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) multiply very fast and cause pollution",
            "(b) are vectors for many diseases",
            "(c) bite and cause skin diseases",
            "(d) are not important insects"
          ],
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "You are aware of Polio Eradication Programme in your city. Children are vaccinated because*",
          "ans": "(c) it creates immunity in the body.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) vaccination kills the polio causing microorganisms.",
            "(b) it prevents the entry of polio causing organism.",
            "(c) it creates immunity in the body.",
            "(d) all the above"
          ],
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Vectors can be defined as*",
          "ans": "(a) animals carrying the infecting agents from sick person to healthy person.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) animals carrying the infecting agents from sick person to healthy person.",
            "(b) microorganisms which cause many diseases.",
            "(c) infected person.",
            "(d) diseased plants."
          ],
          "val": 19
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Natural disasters result into immediate and long-term adverse ____________________ effects.",
          "ans": "health",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.",
          "ans": "Good health",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Stagnant water, rotting water and piles of waste along streets lead to the spread of ____________________ diseases.",
          "ans": "vector-brone",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is a disease in which blood does not clot normally",
          "ans": "Haemophilia",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ causes peptic ulcer.",
          "ans": "Helicobacter pylori",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The two types of diseases on the basis of their duration are and ____________________.",
          "ans": "Short term : acute; Long term : chronic",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Aids is a ____________________ disease.",
          "ans": "Chronic",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ bacteria can cause acne",
          "ans": "Staphylococci",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The immune cell is about ____________________ micrometres in diameter.",
          "ans": "7 to 10",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Smallpox virus is related to ____________________.",
          "ans": "cowpox",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Sleeping sickness is caused by protozoan ____________________.",
          "ans": "Trypanosa",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Pneumonia is an example of ____________________ disease.",
          "ans": "Communicable",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Many skin diseases are caused by ____________________.",
          "ans": "Fungi",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Antibiotics commonly block biochemical pathways important for the growth of ____________________.",
          "ans": "Bacteria",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Living organisms carrying the infecting agents from one person to another are called ____________________.",
          "ans": "Vectors",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        }, 
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Hepatitis targets ____________________. (Name the target organs for the following diseases :*)",
          "ans": "Liver",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Hepatitis targets ____________________. (Name the target organs for the following diseases :*)",
          "ans": "Brain",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Hepatitis targets ____________________. (Name the target organs for the following diseases :*)",
          "ans": "Lungs",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Hepatitis targets ____________________. (Name the target organs for the following diseases :*)",
          "ans": "Skin",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ disease continues for many days and causes ____________________ on body",
          "ans": "Chronic; long-term effect",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 20
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ disease continues for a few days and causes no long-term effect on body.",
          "ans": "Acute",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 21
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is defined as physical, mental and social well-being and comfort.",
          "ans": "Health",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 22
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Common cold is ____________________ disease.",
          "ans": "infectious/ communicable",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 23
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Many skin diseases are caused by ____________________.",
          "ans": "Fungi",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 24
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by terms ‘being well’ and ‘poor health’?",
          "ans": "We can think of being well as effective functioning of our body. For example, our           grandmother being able to go out to market is being well & not being able to do that is called poor health.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by incubation period?",
          "ans": " The period between exposure to an infection and appearance of its first symptoms is called incubation period.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List factors that affect health.",
          "ans": "Balance diet, exercise and relaxation, clean food, air and water, avoiding hazardous substances, and proper education promote good health. Environmental pollution, dirty surroundings, poverty & ignorance adversely affect health.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write three points of differences between ‘healthy’ and ‘disease free’.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Healthy",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. A state of complete physical mental & social well-being.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. It depends on the person & also on social factors.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. A healthy person will be disease free.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Disease Free",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. State of discomfort in any part of the body",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. It depends on the individual only.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. A disease free person may not be healthy.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain acute disease and give three examples of it.",
          "ans": "Disease that lasts for only very short period of time is called acute disease; examples are common cold, diarrhoea, constipation, headache, etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are chronic diseases? Give examples.",
          "ans": "Diseases that last for long term are called chronic diseases, for example asthama, elephantiasis, tuberculosis, etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are causes of infection?",
          "ans": "Infectious diseases are also called transmissible diseases or communicable diseases.  These are the cause of infection which spread by bacteria, virus, fungi, Protozoa, parasite, etc. microorganisms.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List body’s natural line of defence against pathogens.",
          "ans": "Natural barriersthat include body’s natural line of defence are skin, mucous, membrane, tears, ear wax, mucus and stomach acid.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How can a disease be prevented?",
          "ans": "Disease can be prevented by giving vaccination. Vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. Vaccine protects body to fight against diseases.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How does rabies virus spread? What are its causes and how can it be prevented?",
          "ans": "Rabies is a deadly virus spread to people from the Saliva of infected animal. It is caused by rabies virus. For the prevention one must vaccinate their pets and self too.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name diseases for which vaccine is not available.",
          "ans": "Diphtheria and AIDS are two diseases for which vaccine is not available.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How is AIDS transmitted?",
          "ans": "It can be transmitted by three main factors: <br/> (i) by blood product (needle, syringe, blood transfusion). <br/> (ii) by mother to baby in pregnancy. <br/> (iii) by having unprotected sex.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are communicable diseases? Give two examples.",
          "ans": "Infectious diseases transmitted from person to person by direct or indirect contact are called communicable diseases. <br/> Examples of communicable diseases are: <br/>  bacteria : pneumonia <br/> virus : measels <br/> fungi : skin disease <br/> protozoan : malaria.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },











        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give two examples for each of the following :* <br/> (a) Acute diseases <br/> (b) Chronic diseases <br/> (c) Infectious diseases <br/> (d) Non-infectious diseases",
          "ans": "(a)	 Viral fever, Flu <br/> (b)Elephantiasis, Tuberculosis (TB) <br/> (c) Smallpox, Chickenpox <br/> (d) Diabetes, Goitre",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name two diseases caused by Protozoans. What are their causal organisms?*",
          "ans": "(i)	Sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma / Malaria by plasmodium <br/> (ii)	 Kala-azar caused by Leishmania",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which bacterium causes peptic ulcers? Who discovered the above pathogen for the first time?*",
          "ans": "(i) Helicobactor pylori (ii) Marshall and Warren.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is an antibiotic? Give two examples.*",
          "ans": " Antibiotic is a chemical substance that kills bacteria, secreted by microorganisms which can kill the pathogens. Examples, Penicillin and Streptomycin.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Who discovered ‘vaccine’ for the first time? Name two diseases which can be prevented by using vaccines.",
          "ans": "Edward Jenner. <br/> Example: Smallpox, Polio.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Classify the following diseases as infectious or non-infectious.* <br/> (a) AIDS <br/> (b) Tuberculosis <br/> (c) Cholera <br/> (d) High blood pressure <br/> (e) Heart disease <br/> (f) Pneumonia <br/> (g) Cancer",
          "ans": "(a)	infectious <br/> (b) infectious <br/> (c) infectious <br/> (d) non-infectious <br/> (e) non-infectious <br/> (f) infectious <br/> (g) non-infectious",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name any two groups of microorganisms from which antibiotics could be extracted.*",
          "ans": "Bacteria and fungi.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name any three diseases transmitted through vectors.*",
          "ans": "Malaria, Dengue and Kala-azar.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by disease symptoms? Explain giving two examples.*",
          "ans": "When the functioning or the appearance of one or more systems of the body changes for the worse, it gives certain abnormal signs of the disease. These visual changes in human beings are called symptoms. Symptoms give indication of the presence of a particular disease. <br/> Example (i) Lesions on the skin are the symptoms of chickenpox.<br/> Example (ii) Cough is the symptom of lung infection.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 22,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why is immune system essential for our health?*",
          "ans": " The immune system of our body is a kind of defense mechanism to fight against pathogenic microbes. It has cells that are specialised to kill infecting microbes and keep our body healthy.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 23,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What precautions will you take to justify “prevention is better than cure”?*",
          "ans": "Following precautions should be taken for prevention of diseases. <br/> (1) Maintaining hygienic conditions. <br/> (2)	 Awareness about the disease and causal organism. <br/> (3) Balanced diet. <br/> (4) Regular medical check up.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 24,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why are antibiotics not effective for viral disease?*",
          "ans": "Antibiotics generally block the biosynthetic pathways and they block these pathways of the microbes/bacteria. However, viruses have very few biochemical mechanisms of their own and hence are unaffected by antibiotics.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 25,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give any four factors necessary for a healthy person.*",
          "ans": "For a healthy person it is necessary that <br/> (i) The surrounding environment should be clean. Air- and water-borne diseases will not spread. <br/> (ii) Personal hygiene prevents infectious diseases. <br/> (iii)	Proper, sufficient nourishment and food are necessary for good immune system of our body. <br/> (iv) Immunisation against severe diseases.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 26,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why is AIDS considered to be a ‘Syndrome’ and not a disease?*",
          "ans": "AIDS causing virus HIV that comes into the body via the sexual organs or any other means like blood transfusion will spread to lymph nodes all over the body. The virus damages the immune system of the body and due to this the body can no longer fight off many minor infections. Instead, every small cold can become pneumonia, or minor gut infection can become severe diarrhoea with blood loss. The effect of disease becomes very severe and complex, at times killing the person suffering from AIDS. Hence there is no specific disease symptoms for AIDS but it results in a complex diseases and symptoms. Therefore, it is known as a syndrome.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 27,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 9",
    "co": "ch13_co",
    "fib": "ch13_fib",
    "mcq": "ch13_mcq",
    "nf": "ch13_nf",
    "yn": "ch13_yn",
    "un": "ch13_un",
    "dtf": "ch13_dtf",
    "afq": "ch13_afq",
    "jtf": "ch13_jtf",
    "ctt": "ch13_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch13_ctco",
    "laq": "ch13_laq",
    "afow": "ch13_afow",
    "snc": "ch13_snc",
    "vsaq": "ch13_vsaq",
    "pbq": "ch13_pbq",
    "mtf": "ch13_mtf",
    "saq": "ch13_saq",
    "cs": "ch13_cs",
    "map": "ch13_map",
    "gowf": "ch13_gowf",
    "tf": "ch13_tf",
    "grf": "ch13_grf",
    "arbq": "ch13_arbq",
    "cbq": "ch13_cbq"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch14",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 14 - Natural Resources",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "One of the following processes is not a step involved in the water cycle operating in nature ______________________.",
          "ans": "(b) photosynthesis",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) evaporation",
            "(b) photosynthesis",
            "(c) transpiration",
            "(d) precipitation"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?",
          "ans": "(a) Ammonia",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Ammonia",
            "(b) CO<sub>2</sub>",
            "(c) CH<sub>3</sub>",
            "(d) CO"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Choose the correct statement.",
          "ans": "(b) CO<sub>2</sub> in atmosphere → organic carbon in plants → organic carbon in animals → inorganic carbon in soil.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) CO<sub>2</sub> in atmosphere → decomposers → organic carbon in animals → organic carbon in plants.",
            "(b) CO<sub>2</sub> in atmosphere → organic carbon in plants → organic carbon in animals → inorganic carbon in soil.",
            "(c) none of these"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The atmosphere of the earth is heated by radiations which are mainly*",
          "ans": "(d) re-radiated by land and water",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) radiated by the sun",
            "(b) re-radiated by land",
            "(c) re-radiated by water",
            "(d) re-radiated by land and water"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "If there were no atmosphere around the earth, the temperature of the earth will*",
          "ans": "(c) increase during day and decrease during night",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) increase",
            "(b) go on decreasing",
            "(c) increase during day and decrease during night",
            "(d) be unaffected"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "What would happen if all the oxygen present in the environment is converted to ozone?*",
          "ans": "(b) It will become poisonous and kill living forms.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) We will be protected more.",
            "(b) It will become poisonous and kill living forms.",
            "(c) Ozone is not stable, hence it will be toxic.",
            "(d) Ozone is not stable, hence it will be toxic."
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "One of the following factors does not lead to soil formation in nature.*",
          "ans": "(d) polythene bags",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) the sun",
            "(b) water",
            "(c) wind",
            "(d) polythene bags"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The two forms of oxygen found in the atmosphere are*",
          "ans": "(c) ozone and oxygen",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) water and ozone",
            "(b) water and oxygen",
            "(c) ozone and oxygen",
            "(d) water and carbon dioxide"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The process of nitrogen-fixation by bacteria does not take place in the presence of*",
          "ans": "(b) elemental form of oxygen",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) molecular form of hydrogen",
            "(b) elemental form of oxygen",
            "(c) water",
            "(d) elemental form of nitrogen"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Rainfall patterns depend on*",
          "ans": "(d) the prevailing season in an area.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) the underground water table.",
            "(b) the number of waterbodies in an area.",
            "(c) the density pattern of human population in an area.",
            "(d) the prevailing season in an area."
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Among the given options, which one is not correct for the use of large amount of fertilisers and pesticides?*",
          "ans": "(a) They are eco-friendly.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) They are eco-friendly.",
            "(b) They turn the fields barren after some time.",
            "(c) They adversely affect the useful component from the soil.",
            "(d) They destroy the soil fertility."
          ],
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The nitrogen molecules present in air can be converted into nitrates and nitrites by*",
          "ans": "(a) a biological process of nitrogen fixing bacteria present in soil.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) a biological process of nitrogen fixing bacteria present in soil.",
            "(b) a biological process of carbon fixing factor present in soil.",
            "(c) any of the industries manufacturing nitrogenous compounds.",
            "(d) the plants used as cereal crops in field."
          ],
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The term “water pollution” can be defined in several ways. Which of the following statements does not give the correct definition?*",
          "ans": "(c) A change in pressure of the waterbodies.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) The addition of undesirable substances to waterbodies.",
            "(b) The removal of desirable substances from waterbodies.",
            "(c) A change in pressure of the waterbodies.",
            "(d) A change in temperature of the waterbodies."
          ],
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which step is not involved in the carbon cycle?*",
          "ans": "(b) Transpiration",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Photosynthesis",
            "(b) Transpiration",
            "(c) Respiration",
            "(d) Burning of fossil fuels"
          ],
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "‘Ozone hole’ means*",
          "ans": "(b) thinning of the ozone layer.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) a large-sized hole in the ozone layer.",
            "(b) thinning of the ozone layer.",
            "(c) small holes scattered in the ozone layer.",
            "(d) thickening of ozone in the ozone layer."
          ],
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Ozone layer is getting depleted because of*",
          "ans": "(c) excessive use of man-made compounds containing both fluorine and chlorine.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) excessive use of automobiles.",
            "(b) excessive formation of industrial units.",
            "(c) excessive use of man-made compounds containing both fluorine and chlorine.",
            "(d) excessive deforestation."
          ],
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is a recently originated problem of environment?*",
          "ans": "(d) All of the above",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Ozone layer depletion",
            "(b) Greenhouse effect",
            "(c) Global warming",
            "(d) All of the above"
          ],
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "When we breathe in air, nitrogen also goes inside along with oxygen. What is the fate of this nitrogen?*",
          "ans": "(b) It comes out with the CO<sub>2</sub> during exhalation.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) It moves along with oxygen into the cells.",
            "(b) It comes out with the CO<sub>2</sub> during exhalation.",
            "(c) It is absorbed only by the nasal cells.",
            "(d) Nitrogen concentration is already more in the cells, so it is not at all absorbed."
          ],
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Topsoil contains the following:*",
          "ans": "(d) Humus, living organisms and soil particles.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Humus and living organisms only.",
            "(b) Humus and soil particles only.",
            "(c) Humus, living organisms and plants.",
            "(d) Humus, living organisms and soil particles."
          ],
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Major source of mineral in soil is the*",
          "ans": "(a) parent rock from which soil is formed",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) parent rock from which soil is formed",
            "(b) plants",
            "(c) animals",
            "(d) bacteria"
          ],
          "val": 20
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Total earth’s surface covered by water is*",
          "ans": "(a) 75%",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 75%",
            "(b) 60%",
            "(c) 85%",
            "(d) 50%"
          ],
          "val": 21
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Biotic component of biosphere is not constituted by*",
          "ans": "(d) air",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) producers",
            "(b) consumers",
            "(c) decomposer",
            "(d) air"
          ],
          "val": 22
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "An increase in carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere would not cause*",
          "ans": "(d) abundance of desert plants.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) more heat to be retained by the environment.",
            "(b) increase in photosynthesis in plants.",
            "(c) global warming",
            "(d) abundance of desert plants."
          ],
          "val": 23
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Oxygen is returned to the atmosphere mainly by*",
          "ans": "(c) photosynthesis",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) burning of fossil fuel",
            "(b) respiration",
            "(c) photosynthesis",
            "(d) fungi"
          ],
          "val": 24
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Low visibility during cold weather is due to*",
          "ans": "(b) unburnt carbon particles or hydrocarbons suspended in air.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) formation of fossil fuel.",
            "(b) unburnt carbon particles or hydrocarbons suspended in air.",
            "(c) lack of adequate power supply.",
            "(d) none of these."
          ],
          "val": 25
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Growth of lichens on barren rocks is followed by the growth of*",
          "ans": "(a) moss",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) moss",
            "(b) ferns",
            "(c) gymnosperms",
            "(d) algae"
          ],
          "val": 26
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Marked temperature changes in aquatic environment can affect*",
          "ans": "(a) breeding of animals.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) breeding of animals.",
            "(b) more growth of aquatic plants.",
            "(c) process of digestion in animals.",
            "(d) availability of nutrients."
          ],
          "val": 27
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Soil erosion can be prevented by*",
          "ans": "(a) raising forests.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) raising forests.",
            "(b) deforestation",
            "(c) excessive use of fertiliser.",
            "(d) overgrazing by animals."
          ],
          "val": 28
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "What happens when rain falls on soil without vegetational cover?*",
          "ans": "(b) Rainwater causes loss of surface soil.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Rainwater percolates in soil efficiently.",
            "(b) Rainwater causes loss of surface soil.",
            "(c) Rainwater leads to fertility of the soil.",
            "(d) Rainwater does not cause any change in soil."
          ],
          "val": 29
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Oxygen is harmful for*",
          "ans": "(b) nitrogen fixing bacteria",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) ferns",
            "(b) nitrogen fixing bacteria",
            "(c) chara",
            "(d) mango tree"
          ],
          "val": 30
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The hydrosphere and lithosphere interact and make life possible and known as ____________________.",
          "ans": "biosphere",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The fossil fuels like coal and petroleum contain small amounts of ____________________ and ____________________.",
          "ans": "nitrogen; sulphur",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In India, highest rainfall is received in ____________________ and ____________________.",
          "ans": "Meghalaya; Assam",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Air cools ____________________ than sand or water.",
          "ans": "faster",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ are found to be very sensitive to the levels of contaminants.",
          "ans": "Air molecules",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Plants play an important role in preventing ____________________.",
          "ans": "pollution",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Air cools ____________________ than sand or water.",
          "ans": "faster",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ are found to be very sensitive to the levels of contaminants.",
          "ans": "Air molecules",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Plants play an important role in preventing ____________________.",
          "ans": "pollution",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The rocks near the surface of the earth are broken down by ____________________ processes.",
          "ans": "physical, chemical and biological",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Running water and blowing winds can cause ____________________ of rocks.",
          "ans": "erosion",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is a microorganism that can erode the rocks.",
          "ans": "Lichen",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ makes the soil porous and organic.",
          "ans": "Humus",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The quality of ____________________ decides the quality of biodiversity in that area.",
          "ans": "topsoil",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ are instrumental in making rich humus.",
          "ans": "Earthworms",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is a nitrogen fixing bacteria.",
          "ans": "Rhizobium",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A ____________________ is a dynamic and a stable system.",
          "ans": "biosphere",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is an important part of RNA and DNA.",
          "ans": "Nitrogen",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A physical process during which nitrogen is converted into nitrate and nitrites is ____________________.",
          "ans": "lightning",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Carbon occurs in elemental forms like ____________________.",
          "ans": "diamond and graphite",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 20
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ salts make up endoskeleton and exoskeleton of various animals.",
          "ans": "Carbonate",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 21
        },



        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "CFC’s are ____________________.",
          "ans": "chlorofluorocarbon",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 22
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Ozone depletion occurs due to ____________________.",
          "ans": "CFC’s",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 23
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Elemental oxygen is found in the form of ____________________ molecule.",
          "ans": "diatomic",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 24
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is poisonous & can kill many life forms near the earth.",
          "ans": "Ozone",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 25
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is acid rain?",
          "ans": "It is the rain which contains small amount of acid mixed in it. The acid is formed from gases like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides present in the polluted air. It causes damage to living and non-living things.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by smog?",
          "ans": "Fog or haze intensified by smoke or other atmospheric pollutants, e.g. a low-lying yellow or brown layer of air.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How does air get polluted?",
          "ans": "Air pollution is an undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of air. It is caused due to excess content of harmful substances in air such as oxides of nitrogen and sulphur, etc. that pollutes air.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List the precautions to be followed while using the rain gauge.",
          "ans": "The rain gauge should be set in an open area, away from trees or buildings. Dripping of water from trees or buildings, even after the rain stops, can cause the water level inside the rain guage to rise. Also while taking the reading the eye should be kept horizontal to the water level in the rain gauge.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How does water gets polluted?",
          "ans": "Water pollution is the contamination of waterbodies due to unwanted and harmful substances. Water is said to be polluted when there is any physical, biological or chemical change in its quality that adversely affects living organisms and makes it unfit for use.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give two points of difference between biotic and abiotic components.",
          "ans": "<b>Biotic</b> : All living things are known as biotic components, <b>Example</b> : Plants, Animals and Microorganisms. <br/> <b>Abiotic</b> : All Non-living things are known as abiotic, <b>Example</b> : Air, Water, Soil, Light, etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Mention some causes of soil erosion.",
          "ans": "(a) Wind and rain. <br/> (b) Improper farming or tilling and leaving the field unplanted for a long time. <br/> (c) Frequent flooding of rivers. <br/> (d) Deforestation.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How do living organisms influence the formation of soil?",
          "ans": "A symbiotic microorganism called lichen grows on rocks. It releases certain chemicals that cause the rock to powder down. This is followed by the growth of moss which breaks the rock further.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is humus? How is it useful?",
          "ans": "Soil contains bits of decayed living organisms called humus. Humus makes the soil porous and allows water and air to percolate deep in the soil.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How are clouds formed?",
          "ans": "Clouds are formed by the condensation of water droplets in the air. Large amount ofwater evaporates and goes into air. As air rises up, it expands and cools. This cooling of air causes water vapour and form water droplets. These water droplets get bigger and form cloud.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain in detail carbon cycle with diagram.",
          "ans": "In the combined state, it is found as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and as carbonate and hydrogen carbonate salts in various minerals. The endoskeleton and exoskeleton of various animals are also formed from carbonate salts. Carbon is incorporated into life forms through the basic process of photosynthesis. Carbon like water is thus recycled repeatedly through various physical and biological activities.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch14a1.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "331"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Draw oxygen cycle and label it.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch14a2.jpg",
            "width": "345",
            "height": "295"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is ozone layer?",
          "ans": "Ozone layer is a layer of O3 in the stratosphere. It absorbs ultraviolet radiations coming from the sun and thus protects living organisms from their harmful effects.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How is ozone layer being depleted?",
          "ans": " Once various man-made compounds like CFCs reach the ozone layer, they react with ozone molecules. Thus the number of ozone molecules decreases causing the thinning of the ozone layer.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },









        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Rivers from land, add minerals to seawater. Discuss how.*",
          "ans": "Water is capable of dissolving a large number of substances. As water flows over the rocks containing soluble minerals, some of them get dissolved in the water. Thus, rivers carry many nutrients from land to the sea.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How can we prevent the loss of top soil?*",
          "ans": "Loss of top soil can be prevented by <br/> (i) increasing the vegetational cover. <br/> (ii) checking the falling of trees. <br/> (iii)	by preventing excessive grazing by animals.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How is the life of organisms living in water affected when water gets polluted?*",
          "ans": "Addition of undesirable chemicals like pesticides, fertilisers, industrial waste and domestic wastes not only kill the organisms, they also cause diseases to the aquatic organisms. Besides, the requirement of oxygen by aquatic organisms is also increased. There is a reduction in the dissolved oxygen in water which adversely affects the aquatic organisms.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Soil formation is done by both abiotic and biotic factors. List the names of these factors by classifying them as abiotic and biotic.*",
          "ans": "Abiotic factors making soil–sun, water, wind. <br/> Biotic factors–lichens, mosses and trees (plants, animals and microorganisms).",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why does Mathura refinery pose problems to the Taj Mahal?*",
          "ans": "Mathura refinery releases toxic gases (like oxides of sulphur) which cause acid rain and hence corrosion of the marbles of the Taj Mahal.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Lichens are called pioneer colonisers of bare rock. How can they help in formation of soil?*",
          "ans": "Lichens release chemical substances to break the rocks into smaller particles and hence make soil.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "“Soil is formed by water.” If you agree to this statement then give reasons.*",
          "ans": "Water helps in formation of soil in the following ways: <br/> (i) Water causes ‘wear off’ of rocks over a long period of time. <br/> (ii) It also causes the rocks to rub against other rocks creating small particles which are taken away downstream and deposited as soil. <br/> (iii) Water expands on freezing in crevices of rocks and cracks rocks into smaller pieces.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Fertile soil has lots of humus. Why?*",
          "ans": "Fertile soils are rich in organisms that decompose dead organic matter forming humus. Humus gives minerals, absorbs water and makes soil porous.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 22,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why are root nodules useful for the plants?*",
          "ans": "In root nodules nitrogen fixing Rhizobium bacteria are present which increase the soil fertility",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 23,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How do fossil fuels cause air pollution?*",
          "ans": "The fossil fuels like coal and petroleum contain small amounts of nitrogen and sulphur. When fossil fuels are burnt, it produces oxides of nitrogen and sulphur. These gases cause inhalation problems and in presence of rain, form acid rain. Burning of fossil fuels also increases the amount of suspended particles in air that reduce the visibility.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 24,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the causes of water pollution? Discuss how you can contribute in reducing water pollution.*",
          "ans": "Water pollution can be caused by addition of <br/> (i)	 undesirable substances like fertilisers and pesticides or any poisonous substances. <br/> (ii) sewage directly entring a waterbody. <br/> (iii) hot water from the power plant that increases the temperature and reduces the dissolved oxygen in water thus killing the aquatic organisms. <br/> (iv) industrial effluents or radioactive substances in waterbody. <br/> We can take the following measures to check water pollution: <br/> (i) The sewer lines should not be directly connected to the waterbody. <br/> (ii) We should not throw our garbages or domestic waste in the waterbody. <br/> (iii)	Prevent dumping of toxic compounds in the waterbodies. <br/> (iv)	Washing of clothes should be avoided near waterbodies as it adds lot of detergent to it. <br/> (v) Plants and trees near the banks of rivers to check soil erosion, otherwise erosion leads to siltation of waterbody.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 25,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A motor car, with its glass totally closed, is parked directly under the sun. The inside temperature of the car rises very high. Explain why.*",
          "ans": "Infra-red radiations in sunlight pass through the glass and heat the interior of the car. The radiation emitted by upholstery and other inner parts of the car cannot pass out of the glass, so the heat trapped inside raises the temperature of the interior. This is because glass is transparent to infrared radiation from the sun having smaller wavelength than  that emitted by the interior of the car which are of longer wavelength to which the glass is opaque.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 26,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Justify “Dust is a pollutant”.*",
          "ans": "Dust remains present in air as suspended particles which can cause allergy and other respiratory diseases. It also affects plant growth, by covering stomata on leaf surface. It acts as the carrier of toxic compounds like heavy metals.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 27,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
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      [],
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      [],
      [],
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      [],
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      [],
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      [],
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      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 9",
    "co": "ch14_co",
    "fib": "ch14_fib",
    "mcq": "ch14_mcq",
    "nf": "ch14_nf",
    "yn": "ch14_yn",
    "un": "ch14_un",
    "dtf": "ch14_dtf",
    "afq": "ch14_afq",
    "jtf": "ch14_jtf",
    "ctt": "ch14_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch14_ctco",
    "laq": "ch14_laq",
    "afow": "ch14_afow",
    "snc": "ch14_snc",
    "vsaq": "ch14_vsaq",
    "pbq": "ch14_pbq",
    "mtf": "ch14_mtf",
    "saq": "ch14_saq",
    "cs": "ch14_cs",
    "map": "ch14_map",
    "gowf": "ch14_gowf",
    "tf": "ch14_tf",
    "grf": "ch14_grf",
    "arbq": "ch14_arbq",
    "cbq": "ch14_cbq"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch15",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 15 - Improvement in Food Resources",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Poultry farming is undertaken to raise the following :",
          "ans": "(c) both (a) & (b)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) egg production",
            "(b) chicken meat",
            "(c) both (a) & (b)",
            "(d) none of these"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Poultry fowl are susceptible to following pathogens.",
          "ans": "(d) all of these",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) viruses",
            "(b) fungi",
            "(c) bacteria",
            "(d) all of these"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following nutrients is not available in fertilisers?",
          "ans": "(a) Iron",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Iron",
            "(b) Phosphorus",
            "(c) Nitrogen",
            "(d) Potassium"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "______________________ is an exotic breed.",
          "ans": "(c) Both (a) & (b)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Jersey",
            "(b) Brown Swiss ",
            "(c) Both (a) & (b)",
            "(d) None of these"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Preventive and control measures adopted for the storage of grains include",
          "ans": "(d) all of these",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) strict cleaning",
            "(b) proper disjoining",
            "(c) fumigation",
            "(d) all of these"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one is an oil yielding plant among the following?*",
          "ans": "(b) Sunflower",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Lentil",
            "(b) Sunflower",
            "(c) Cauliflower",
            "(d) Hibiscus"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one is not a source of carbohydrate?*",
          "ans": "(d) Gram",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Rice",
            "(b) Millets",
            "(c) Sorghum",
            "(d) Gram"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Find out the wrong statement from the following :*",
          "ans": "(d) None of the above.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) White revolution is meant for increase in milk production.",
            "(b) Blue revolution is meant for increase in fish production.",
            "(c) Increasing food production without compromising with environmental quality is called sustainable agriculture.",
            "(d) None of the above."
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "To solve the food problem of the country, which among the following is necessary?*",
          "ans": "(d) All of the above",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Increased production and storage of foodgrains.",
            "(b) Easy access of people to the foodgrains.",
            "(c) People should have money to purchase the grains.",
            "(d) All of the above"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Find out the correct sentence.* <br/> (i) Hybridisation means crossing between genetically dissimilar plants. <br/> (ii) Cross between two varieties is called interspecific hybridisation. <br/> (iii) Introducing genes of desired character into a plant gives genetically modified crop. <br/>(iv) Cross between plants of two species is called intervarietal hybridisation.",
          "ans": "(a) (i) and (iii)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i) and (iii)",
            "(b) (ii) and (iv)",
            "(c) (ii) and (iii)",
            "(d) (iii) and (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Weeds affect the crop plants by*",
          "ans": "(c) competing for various resources of crops (plants) causing low availability of nutrients.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) killing of plants in field before they grow.",
            "(b) killing of plants in field before they grow.",
            "(c) competing for various resources of crops (plants) causing low availability of nutrients.",
            "(d) all of the above."
          ],
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following species of honeybee is an Italian species?*",
          "ans": "(d) Apis mellifera",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Apis dorsata",
            "(b) Apis florae",
            "(c) Apis cerana indica",
            "(d) Apis mellifera"
          ],
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Find out the correct sentence about manure.* <br/> (i) Manure contains large quantities of organic matter and small quantities of nutrients.<br/> (ii) It increases the water-holding capacity of sandy soil. <br/> (iii) It helps in draining out of excess of water from clayey soil. <br/> (iv) Its excessive use pollutes environment because it is made of animal excretory waste.",
          "ans": "(b) (i) and (ii)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i) and (iii)",
            "(b) (i) and (ii)",
            "(c) (ii) and (iii)",
            "(d) (iii) and (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Cattle husbandry is done for the following purposes:* <br/> (i) Milk Production <br/> (ii) Agricultural work <br/> (iii) Meat production <br/> (iv) Egg production",
          "ans": "(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)",
            "(b) (i) and (ii)",
            "(c) (ii) and (iii)",
            "(d) (iii) and (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following are Indian cattle?* <br/> (i) Bos indicus <br/> (ii) Bos domestica <br/> (iii) Bos bubalis <br/> (iv) Bos vulgaris",
          "ans": "(a) (i) and (iii)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i) and (iii)",
            "(b) (i) and (ii)",
            "(c) (ii) and (iii)",
            "(d) (iii) and (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following fishes is a surface feeder?*",
          "ans": "(d) Catlas",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Rohus",
            "(b) Mrigals",
            "(c) Common carps",
            "(d) Catlas"
          ],
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Animal husbandry is the scientific management of* <br/> (i) animal breeding <br/> (ii) culture of animals <br/> (iii) animal livestock <br/> (iv) rearing of animals",
          "ans": "(b) thinning of the ozone layer.",
          "ans": "(d) (i), (iii) and (iv)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)",
            "(b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)",
            "(c) (i), (ii) and (iv)",
            "(d) (i), (iii) and (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 17
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Kharif crops are called ____________________ season crops.",
          "ans": "rainy",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Chemical substances used to protect plants from pests are called ____________________.",
          "ans": "pesticides",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Vermicompost is manure, which is formed by the activity of ____________________.",
          "ans": "earthworms",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Organisms which enrich the soil with nutrients are called ____________________.",
          "ans": "biofertilisers",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is a popular breed of poultry",
          "ans": "Aseel",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Roughage and concentrates are components of ____________________.",
          "ans": "Cattle feed",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A combination of 6 species is used in ____________________.",
          "ans": "Composite Fish culture",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Pigeon pea is a good source of ____________________.",
          "ans": "protein",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Berseem is an important ____________________ crop.",
          "ans": "fodder",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The crops which are grown in rainy season are called ____________________ crops.",
          "ans": "Kharif",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ are rich in vitamins.",
          "ans": "Vegetables",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ crop grows in winter season",
          "ans": "Rabi",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Photoperiod affect the ____________________.",
          "ans": "flowering of plants",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Kharif crops are cultivated from ____________________ to ____________________.",
          "ans": "June; October",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Rabi crops are cultivated from ____________________ to ____________________.",
          "ans": "November; April	",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Paddy, maize, green gram and black gram are ____________________ crops.",
          "ans": "Kharif",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Wheat, gram, pea and mustard are ____________________ crops.",
          "ans": "Rabi",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A total of ____________________ nutrients are essential to plants.",
          "ans": "16",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ and ____________________ are supplied by air to plants.",
          "ans": "Carbon; Carbon",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is supplied by water to plants.",
          "ans": "Hydrogen",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Soil supply ____________________ nutrients to plants.",
          "ans": "13",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ nutrients are required in large quantity and called ____________________.",
          "ans": "Six; macronutrients",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ nutrients are needed in small quantity for plants and are called ____________________.",
          "ans": "Seven; micronutrients",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 18
        },
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Match the Following.",
          "qus": "Match column I with column II :*",
          "ans": "1.	(b),	 2.	 (c),	 3.	 (a),	 4.	 (d)",
          "code": "MTF",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [
            {
              "image": "Column I",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Catla",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Rohu",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Mrigal",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Fish farming",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option2": [
            {
              "image": "Column II",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) Bottom feeders",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) Surface feeders",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) Middle-zone feeders",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(d) Culture fishery",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option3": [
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option4": [
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Match the Following.",
          "qus": "Match the following column I and column II :*",
          "ans": "1.	 (c),	 2.	 (e),	 3.	 (d),	 4.	 (a),     5. (b)",
          "code": "MTF",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [
            {
              "image": "Column I",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Cattle used for tilling and carting",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Indian breed of chicken",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Sahiwal, Red Sindhi",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Milch",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "5. Chicken better fed for obtaining",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option2": [
            {
              "image": "Column II",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) Milk producing female",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) Broiler",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) Drought animals",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(d) Local breed of cattle",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(e) Aseel meat",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option3": [
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option4": [
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give two points of difference between Kharif and Rabi crops.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Kharif crops",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• Kharif crops are grown in Rainy season, i.e. from June to October.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• Example: Paddy, Soybean, Pigeon pea, Maize, Cotton, etc.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Rabi crops",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• Rabi crops are grown in winter season, i.e. from November to April.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "•  Example: Wheat, Peas, Mustard and Linseeds.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How does manure help in increasing soil fertility?",
          "ans": "Manure enriches the soil with organic matter and small quantities of nutrients. Organic matter contained in the manure increases the water-holding capacity of sandy soil and drainage in clayey soil. If also helps in aerating the soil by introducing soil organisms, which also contribute towards making the soil enriched with nutrients.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Excessive use of fertilisers is not advisable. Explain.",
          "ans": "Excessive use of fertilisers is not advisable because it leads to soil and water pollution and over time, it makes the soil less fertile. It makes the topsoil layer hard, so water cannot penetrate the soil.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why is cattle husbandry done?",
          "ans": "Cattle farming is done for two purposes. <br/> <b>Dairy :</b> For getting milk. <br/> Milk <b>breeds :</b> These includes the animals which are kept for obtaining milk. <br/> <b>Draught :</b> Animals are used for agricultural tasks like tilling, irrigation and carting.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by Artificial insemination?",
          "ans": "The process of injecting the semen obtained from desired male bull of high milk yielding breed into the genital or reproductive tract of female animal during heat period is called artificial insemination.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List the varieties of bee used for beekeeping.",
          "ans": "The various varieties of bee used for beekeeping are : <br/> The Apis cerana, indica (the Indian bee), A. dorsata, the rock bee, <br/> A. florea, A. mellifera (a Italian bee variety).",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is a GM crop? Name any one such crop which is grown in India.",
          "ans": "Crop which has been developed by introducing a new gene from any other source, to obtain the desired character, is called as genetically modified (GM) crop. Bt Cotton is an example of GM crop which is made insect resistant by introducing a new gene from a bacteria.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List out some useful traits in improved crops.*",
          "ans": "Useful traits of improved crops are <br/> (a)	 higher yield. <br/> (b) improved nutritional quality. <br/> (c) resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. <br/> (d) change in maturity. <br/> (e)	 wide range of adaptability. <br/> (f) desired agronomic characteristics.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why is organic matter important for crop production?*",
          "ans": "Organic matter is important for crops because <br/> (a) it helps in improving soil structure. <br/> (b) it helps in increasing water-holding capacity of sandy soil. <br/> (c) in clayey soil large quantity of organic matter helps in drainage and in avoiding water logging.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "If there is low rainfall in a village throughout the year, what measures will you suggest to the farmers for better cropping?*",
          "ans": "Farmers of low rainfall area will be suggested to <br/> (a) practise farming with drought resistant and early maturing varieties of crops. <br/> (b) enrich the soil with more humus content as it increases the water-holding capacity and retains water for longer duration.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Group the following and tabulate them as energy yielding, protein yielding, oil yielding and fodder crop. Wheat, rice, berseem, maize, gram, oat, pigeon gram, sudan grass, lentil, soybean, groundnut, castor and mustard.*",
          "ans": "(1) Energy yielding — wheat, rice, maize. <br/> (2) Protein yielding — gram, pigeon gram, lentil, soybean. <br/> (3)	 Oil yielding — groundnut, castor, mustard, soybean. <br/> (4) Fodder crops — barseem, oat, sudan grass.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define the term hybridisation and photoperiod.*",
          "ans": "Hybridisation — Hybridisation refers to crossing between genetically dissimilar organisms.<br/> Photoperiod — Duration of sunlight available to the plant is called photoperiod. It affects the growth, flowering and maturation of crops.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Differentiate between compost and vermicompost.*",
          "ans": "Compost — Compost formation is the process in which farm waste materials like livestock excreta, vegetable wastes, animal refuse, domestic waste,straw and eradicated weeds are decomposed and used as manure. <br/> Vermicompost — It is the compost prepared from organic matter by using earthworm which hastens the process of decomposition.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Arrange these statements in correct sequence of preparation of green manure.* <br/> (a) Green plants are decomposed in soil. <br/> (b) Green plants are cultivated for preparing manure or crop plant parts are used. <br/> (c) Plants are ploughed and mixed into the soil. <br/> (d) After decomposition, it becomes green manure.",
          "ans": "(b)	→ (c) → (a) → (d)",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "An Italian bee variety A. mellifera has been introduced in India for honey production. Write about its merits over other varieties.*",
          "ans": " Merits of Italian bee variety A. mellifera are : (a) It stings less. <br/> (b) It has high honey collection capacity. <br/> (c) It stays in given beehive for long periods and breeds very well.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Discuss the role of hybridisation in crop improvement.*",
          "ans": "Hybridisation refers to crossing between genetically dissimilar plants. It may be intervarietel, interspecific and intergeneric. Two crops of good characters (desired character) are selected and crossed to obtain a new crop having desired characters of parental crops. This method of hybridisation improves crops with respect to yield, disease resistance, pest resistance, etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define : (i) Vermicompost* <br/> (ii) Green manure* <br/> (iii) Bio fertiliser*",
          "ans": "(a) Vermicompost — Compost is a kind of manure which is rich in organic matter and nutrients. The compost prepared by using earthworms to hasten the process of decomposition of plant and animal refuse is called Vermicompost. <br/> (b)	 Green manure — The manure which is prepared by decomposing green plants in field itself is called green manure. For example, sunn hemp is grown in fields, mulched by ploughing and allowed to decompose in field for the preparation of green manure. <br/> (c) Biofertiliser — Living organisms which are used as fertiliser to supply the nutrients to plants are called biofertilisers. For example, blue-green algae, which fix nitrogen in soil are called biofertiliser.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": " Discuss various methods for weed control.*",
          "ans": "Various methods of weed control are : <br/> (a) mechanical removal <br/> (b) proper seed bed preparation to avoid the weed growth <br/> (c) timely sowing of crop to avoid the growth of weed.<br/> (d) intercropping and crop rotation also help in weed control.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Differentiate between the following :* <br/> (i) Capture fishery and Culture fishery. <br/> (ii) Mixed cropping and Intercropping. <br/> (iii) Beekeeping and Poultry farming.",
          "ans": "(i)	 Capture fishery is the method of obtaining fish from natural resources, while culture fishery is the method of obtaining fish by fish farming. <br/> (ii) Mixed cropping is growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land, while intercropping is growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same field in a definite pattern, i.e. in different rows. <br/> (iii)	Beekeeping is the practice to rear the honeybee for obtaining honey, while poultry farming is the practice to raise the domestic fowl for egg and meat production.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you understand by composite fish culture?*",
          "ans": "Composite fish culture is the method to culture five or six species, both indegenous and exotic, together in a single fish pond. These species are selected so that they do not compete for food among themselves having different types of food habits. As a result food available in all the parts of the pond is used. For example, Catlas are surface feeders, Rohu is middle zone feeder and Mrigals and common carps are bottom feeders.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why beekeeping should be done in good pasturage?*",
          "ans": "Because good pasturage provides more quantity and quality of nectar for honey to honeybees.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Discuss why pesticides are used in very accurate concentration and in very appropriate manner.*",
          "ans": "Pesticides are used in very accurate concentration and in a very appropriate manner,because if used in excess it <br/> (a) harms the soil and causes loss of fertility. <br/> (b) checks the replenishment of organic matter. <br/> (c) kills the microorganism of soil. <br/> (d) causes air, water and soil pollution.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What would happen if poultry birds are larger in size and have no summer adaptation capacity? In order to get small sized poultry birds, having summer adaptability, what method will be employed?*",
          "ans": "Maintenance of temperature is needed for better egg production by poultry birds.Therefore, larger size (increase in surface area of body) and no adaptability of summer may cause decline in egg production. To obtain the smaller size and higher summer adaptability, cross-breeding of poultry birds is done. Small size is also needed for better housing and low feed.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 22,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Suggest some preventive measures for the diseases of poultry birds.*",
          "ans": "Some preventive measures of poultry bird diseases are : (a) cleaning of poultry farms. <br/> (b) proper sanitation of poultry farms. <br/> (c) spraying of disinfectants at regular intervals. <br/> (d) appropriate vaccination of birds.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 23,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Complete the crossword puzzle (Fig. 15.1)* <br/> Across <br/> 1. Oil yielding plant (9) <br/> 3. Crop grown in winter season (4) <br/> 5. Fixed by Rhizobium (8) <br/> 9. Common honey bee (4) <br/> Downward <br/> 2. Animal feed (6) <br/> 4. A micronutrient (5) <br/> 6. Unwanted plant in crop fields (4) <br/> 7. An exotic breed of chicken(7)<br/> 8. Bottom feeders in fish pond(7) <br/> 10. A marine fish (4)",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 24,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch15a1.jpg",
            "width": "376",
            "height": "434"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch15a2.jpg",
            "width": "401",
            "height": "371"
          }
        },
      ],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Give one word for the following.",
          "qus": "Farming without the use of chemicals such as fertilisers, herbicides and pesticides is known as ________________.",
          "ans": "organic farming",
          "code": "GOWF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Give one word for the following.",
          "qus": "Growing of wheat and groundnut on the same field is called ________________.",
          "ans": "mixed cropping",
          "code": "GOWF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Give one word for the following.",
          "qus": "Planting soybean and maize in alternate rows in the same field is called ________________.",
          "ans": "intercropping",
          "code": "GOWF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Give one word for the following.",
          "qus": "Growing different crops on a piece of land in pre-planned succession is known as ________________.",
          "ans": "crop rotation",
          "code": "GOWF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Give one word for the following.",
          "qus": "Xanthium and Parthenium are commonly known as ________________.",
          "ans": "weeds",
          "code": "GOWF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Give one word for the following.",
          "qus": "Causal organism of any disease is called ________________.",
          "ans": "pathogen",
          "code": "GOWF",
          "val": 6
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
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    ],
    "grade": "Grade 9",
    "co": "ch15_co",
    "fib": "ch15_fib",
    "mcq": "ch15_mcq",
    "nf": "ch15_nf",
    "yn": "ch15_yn",
    "un": "ch15_un",
    "dtf": "ch15_dtf",
    "afq": "ch15_afq",
    "jtf": "ch15_jtf",
    "ctt": "ch15_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch15_ctco",
    "laq": "ch15_laq",
    "afow": "ch15_afow",
    "snc": "ch15_snc",
    "vsaq": "ch15_vsaq",
    "pbq": "ch15_pbq",
    "mtf": "ch15_mtf",
    "saq": "ch15_saq",
    "cs": "ch15_cs",
    "map": "ch15_map",
    "gowf": "ch15_gowf",
    "tf": "ch15_tf",
    "grf": "ch15_grf",
    "arbq": "ch15_arbq",
    "cbq": "ch15_cbq"
  }
]

Youez - 2016 - github.com/yon3zu
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