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var chpdata=[
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch1",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 1 - Crop Production and Management",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is not a kharif crop?",
          "ans": "(d) Mustard",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Groundnut",
            "(b) Cotton",
            "(c) Maize",
            "(d) Mustard"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following statements is incorrect?",
          "ans": "(a) Fertilisers have also become a source of soil pollution.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Fertilisers have also become a source of soil pollution.",
            "(b) Fertilisers are very rich in phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium.",
            "(c) Earthworms turn the soil and loosen it for proper aeration.",
            "(d) Improper or insufficient manuring results in weak plants."
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The science of rearing, feeding, caring, breeding and utilising the animals is called",
          "ans": "(b) Animal husbandry",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Animism",
            "(b) Animal husbandry",
            "(c) Veterinary science",
            "(d) Dairy science"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the drip system of irrigation?",
          "ans": "(a) In this, water is not wasted at all.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) In this, water is not wasted at all.",
            "(b) It is useful for regions where water availability is poor.",
            "(c) The system provides water to plants drop by drop.",
            "(d) This is suitable for all crop plants."
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Rhizobium bacteria present in the nodules of the roots of leguminous plants help in",
          "ans": "(c) fixing atmospheric",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) loosening of soil",
            "(b) humus formation",
            "(c) fixing atmospheric nitrogen",
            "(d) fixing atmospheric carbon dioxide"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following conditions is not essential to grow maize?",
          "ans": "(a) High temperature",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) High temperature",
            "(b) Low temperature",
            "(c) Humidity",
            "(d) Rainfall"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Propagation of ginger is generally done using",
          "ans": "(c) stem (rhizome)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) seed",
            "(b) root",
            "(c) stem (rhizome)",
            "(d) leaf"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following statements is not true for organic manure?",
          "ans": "(b) It has a balance of all plant nutrients.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) It enhances water-holding capacity of soil.",
            "(b) It has a balance of all plant nutrients.",
            "(c) It provides humus to soil.",
            "(d) It improves texture of soil."
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The term used for the process of separation of grains from chaff is",
          "ans": "(b) winnowing",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) sieving",
            "(b) winnowing",
            "(b) threshing",
            "(d) hand picking"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Read the statements given below. <br>(a) Seeds require moisture for germination. <br>(b) Plants can absorb nutrients mostly in dissolved form. <br>(c) Irrigation protects crops from both frost and hot air currents. <br>(d) Irrigation improves soil texture. <br>Choose the combination of statements which indicates the need to irrigate crops.",
          "ans": "(c) i, ii, iii, iv",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) i and ii",
            "(b) i, ii, iii",
            "(c) i, ii, iii, iv",
            "(d) i and iii"
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following tools would a farmer use to remove weeds from the field?",
          "ans": "(a) Hoe",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Hoe",
            "(b) Axe",
            "(c) Plough",
            "(d) Cultivator"
          ],
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is not true for fertilisers?",
          "ans": "(d) They are environment friendly.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) They increase the yield.",
            "(b) Their excessive use disturbs the balance of nutrients in soil.",
            "(c) They are generally used in small quantity.",
            "(d) They are environment friendly."
          ],
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Given below are statements about the harmful effects of weeds on crop plants. <br>(a) They interfere in harvesting. <br>(b) They help crop plants to grow healthily. <br>(c) They compete with crop plants for water, nutrients, space and light. <br>(d) They affect plant growth. <br>Choose the correct combination of statements.",
          "ans": "(a) i, iii, iv",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) i, iii, iv",
            "(b) iii, iv",
            "(c) iii only",
            "(d) i, ii, iii, iv"
          ],
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The process of loosening and turning of soil is called",
          "ans": "(b) tilling and ploughing",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) irrigation and manuring",
            "(b) tilling and ploughing",
            "(c) digging and winnowing",
            "(d) harvesting and storage"
          ],
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The monsoon season in our country is during the months",
          "ans": "(c) June to September",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) April to December",
            "(b) November to March",
            "(c) June to September",
            "(d) January to May"
          ],
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The system of irrigation wherein water is supplied drop by drop near the roots of plants is called",
          "ans": "(b) sprinkler system",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) pulley system",
            "(b) sprinkler system",
            "(c) drip system",
            "(d) lever system"
          ],
          "val": 16
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tFertilisers are rich in humus and are good for the growth of plants.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\t2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid [2,4-D] kills the weeds as well as the cultivated plants.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tExcessive use of fertilisers makes the soil more productive.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tVarious nutrients held in the dead organisms are released back into the soil by human activities.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tManual removal of weeds is done with the help of dhekli and rahat.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tOver crowding of plants prevent plants from getting sufficient sunlight, nutrients and water from the soil.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe first step before growing crops is preparation of soil.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Cultivation of the plants of same kind on a large scale is known as _______________.",
          "ans": "crop",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ crops are grown in rainy season.",
          "ans": "Kharif",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ crops are grown in winter season.",
          "ans": "Rabi",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The loosened soil helps in the growth of _______________ and _______________ present in the soil.",
          "ans": "earthworms, microbes",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Continuous growing of crops makes the soil poorer in certain _______________.",
          "ans": "minerals",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The process of loosening and turning of soil is called _______________ or __________________.",
          "ans": "tilling, ploughing",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Strong rectangular iron strip in a plough is known as _______________.",
          "ans": "ploughshare",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is attached with a tractor to sow seeds.",
          "ans": "Seed drill",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Few crops need to be removed after sowing to avoid _______________.",
          "ans": "over crowding",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ and _______________ are the substances which are added to the soil in the form of nutrients for the healthy growth of plants.",
          "ans": "Manure, fertilizers",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is an organic substance obtained from the decomposition of plant or animal waste.",
          "ans": "Manure",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The use of manure improves _______________ as well as it’s _______________.",
          "ans": "soil texture, water retaining capacity",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The supply of water to the crops at regular interval is called _______________.",
          "ans": "Irrigation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ or _______________ were used in traditional methods of irrigation.",
          "ans": "Cattle, human",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ type of irrigation system is useful for uneven lands and where water is not available sufficiently.",
          "ans": "Sprinkler system",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is the best technique for watering fruits and plants.",
          "ans": "Pump",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Undesired plants which grow along with the crops are known as _______________.",
          "ans": "weeds",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Weedicides are sprayed during the vegetative growth of weeds before _______________ and _______________.",
          "ans": "flowering, seed formation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is used to remove the weeds manually.",
          "ans": "Khurpi",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Cutting of crop after it is matured is called _______________.",
          "ans": "Harvesting",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 20
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Separation of the grains from the chaff is called _______________.",
          "ans": "threshing",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 21
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is used by the farmers with small holdings for separation of grain and chaff.",
          "ans": "Sickle",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 22
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Proper storage of grains is necessary to protect them from _______________ and _______________.",
          "ans": "rats, insects",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 23
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Large-scale storage of grains is done in _______________ and _______________.",
          "ans": "Granaries, Silos",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 24
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "With the help of examples, describe the two main categories of crops based on seasons.",
          "ans": "<ul><li>The crops grown in rainy season are called Kharif crops. Ex: maize, soyabean. </li><li>The crops grown in winter season are called Rabi crops. Ex: pea, mustard.</li>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List the activities involved in agricultural practices.",
          "ans": "<ol><li>Preparation of soil </li><li>Sowing </li><li>Adding manure and fertilizers </li><li>Irrigation </li><li>Protecting from weeds </li><li>Harvesting </li><li>Storage",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How is turning and loosening of soil important for cultivation of crops?",
          "ans": "The loosened soil helps in the growth of earthwarms and microbes present in the soil. These organisms are friends of farmer since they further turn and loosen the soil and add humus which improves cultivation of crops.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is hoe? How is it used?",
          "ans": "Hoe is a simple tool. It is pulled by animals for ploughing and tilling of soil.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Mention three advantages of using seed drill for sowing of seeds.",
          "ans": "<ol><li>Seed drill sows the seeds uniformly at equal distance and depth. </li><li>It ensures that seeds get covered by the soil after sowing. </li><li>Sowing using a seed drill saves time and labour.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "An appropriate distance between the seeds is important during sowing. Explain.",
          "ans": "Appropriate distance between seeds is important during sowing to avoid overcrowding of plants as it from soil allows plants to get sufficient sunlight, nutrients and water.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe an easy method to separate good and healthy seeds from the damaged ones.",
          "ans": "Threshing is an easy method to separate good healthy seeds from damage ones. In threshing method mature crop is harvested and cut along with stalks. Grains are then, separated from chaff using a winnowing machine.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the use of crop rotation? Explain it with one example.",
          "ans": "Crop rotation is used for replenishment of soil with nutrients and thus maintains the fertility of soil. <br>Example: A simple rotation between a heavy nitrogen using plant Corn and a nitrogen depositing plant Soyabeans can help maintain a healthy balance of nutrients in soil.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "&ldquo;The organic manure is considered better than fertilisers.&rdquo; Why?",
          "ans": "Organic manure is considered better than fertilisers because: <ul><li> It enhances the water holding capacity of soil. </li><li>It makes soil porous due to which exchange of gases becomes easy. </li><li>It increases the number of friendly microbes. </li><li>It improves the texture of soil. </li></ul>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write the differences between manure and fertilisers.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Fertiliser",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. It is man-made inorganic salt.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Fertiliser is prepared in factories.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Fertiliser does not provide any humus to soil.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Fertilisers are very rich in plant nutrients like Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Manure",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Manure is natural substance obtained by decomposition of cattle dung and plant residues.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Manure can be prepared in fields.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Manure provides a lot of humus to soil.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Manure is relatively less rich in plant nutrients.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Mention the importance of water to the plants.",
          "ans": "<ul><li>Water is important for proper growth and development of plants. </li><li>To maintain the moisture of soil for healthy crop growth, water is essential.</li></ul>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Briefly describe the traditional methods of irrigation.",
          "ans": "Cattle our human labour are used in traditional methods of irrigation. They are cheap out less efficient. The various methods are (1) moat (pulley system), (2) chain pump, (3) dhekli, (4) rahat (level system).",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give reason: The frequency of watering is higher in summer season.",
          "ans": "The frequency of watering is higher in summer season because the rate of evaporation of water from the soil increases in summer.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are weedicides? When and how are the weedicides sprayed in the field?",
          "ans": "Chemicals used for controlling the growth of weeds are called weedicides. The weedicides are diluted with water to the extent required and sprayed in the fields with a sprayer.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "&ldquo;For a good and healthy crop, weeding must be done.&rdquo; Give reason",
          "ans": "Weeding is necessary since used competes with crop plants for water, nutrients, space and light.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by harvesting? Which tools are used by the farmers for harvesting and separation of grains?",
          "ans": "<ul><li>The cutting of matured crop is called Harvesting. </li><li>Harvesting is done using sickle or machine called harvester. </li><li>For separation of crops from the chaff, ‘combine’ machine is used which is harvester as well as thresher.</li></ul>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List some important methods by which grains are stored safely.",
          "ans": "<ol><li>Farmers store grains in jute bags or metallic bins. </li><li>Large scale storage of grains is done in silos and granaries. </li><li>Dried neem leaves are used for storing food grains at home. </li><li>Chemical treatments are also required to protect crop from pests.</li></ul>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why are dried neem leaves used for storing foodgrains at home?",
          "ans": "Dried neem leaves are used for storing food grains at home because they are bitter and keeps microorganisms away from crop.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why should harvested grains be dried in the sun before storage?",
          "ans": "Harvested grains must be dried in sun before storage because it contains large amount of moisture, and if not dried, the grains may get spoilt or attacked by organisms.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "<p>Given below is a conversation between two farmers Heera and Beera. </p>Heera : Brother Beera, your maize crops look beautiful! They have grown pretty fast. <br>Beera : Yes, I have sprayed urea this time. What about you? <br>Heera : Well, I am still relying on good old cow dung. I am saving money for buying a tractor. <br>Beera : That’s good. Tractor saves a lot of time and labour. <br>Heera : Yes, it’s been very labour intensive for me and now these weeds have come up. <br>Beera : Try weedicides, they are very effective.<p>Now answer the following questions.</p>&emsp;(i) List the practices which are not environment friendly and explain why. <br>&emsp;(ii) What is the advantage of modern agriculture implements over traditional ones? <br>&emsp;(iii) Name one weedicide and the precaution which the farmers must take during its application.",
          "ans": "(i)<ol><li>Excessive use of fertilisers </li><li>Excessive use of insecticides and pesticides </li><li>Excessive green houses. <br>Use of fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides deplete the quality of surface and ground water green houses release dangerous gases.</li></ol> <p> (ii)<ol><li>They are labour intensive. </li><li>They take less time for plauging, sowing and harvesting </li><li>These implements are easy to use.  </li></ol></p>(iii) <ol><li>2, 4 – Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. </li><li>Farmer should use it at right time & in proper quantity. </li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Arrange the following boxes in proper order to make a flow chart of sugar cane crop production.",
          "ans": "6, 5, 4, 7, 2, 3, 1",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch1a21.jpg",
            "width": "560",
            "height": "170"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "From the word puzzle below, find at least eight words which are ‘farmer’s friends.’ Classify them into living and non-living.",
          "ans": "<ol><li>Earthworm </li><li>Microbes </li><li>Bull </li><li>Manure </li><li>Rhizobium </li><li>Plough </li><li>Seed </li><li>Ox",
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch1p1.jpg",
            "width": "380",
            "height": "370"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch1p1a.jpg",
            "width": "380",
            "height": "370"
          },
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Complete the following word puzzle with the help of clues given below. <p><b>Down:</b><ol><br>&emsp;1. Providing water to the crops <br>&emsp;2. Keeping crop grains for a long time under proper conditions. <br>&emsp;5. Certain plants of the same kind grown on a large scale.</p><p><b>Across:</b><br>&emsp;3. A machine used for cutting the matured crops.<br>&emsp;4. A rabi crop that is also one of the pulses.<br>&emsp;6. A process of separating the grains from the chaff.</p>",
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch1p2.jpg",
            "width": "325",
            "height": "405"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch1p2a.jpg",
            "width": "325",
            "height": "405"
          },
          "val": 2
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
          "qus": "Unscramble the words related to crop production and its management and write in the blanks. <br>(i) E &nbsp; L &nbsp; O &nbsp; P &nbsp; S &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp; _______________ <br>(ii) N &nbsp; G &nbsp; I &nbsp; R &nbsp; E &nbsp; H &nbsp; T &nbsp; S &nbsp; H &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp; _______________ <br>(iii) R &nbsp; I &nbsp; T &nbsp; I &nbsp; A &nbsp; G &nbsp; I &nbsp; R &nbsp; O &nbsp; N &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp; _______________ <br>(iv) V &nbsp; E &nbsp; R &nbsp; I &nbsp; R &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp; _______________ ",
          "ans": "(i) S &nbsp; L &nbsp; O &nbsp; P &nbsp; E <br>(ii) T &nbsp; H &nbsp; R &nbsp; E &nbsp; S &nbsp; H &nbsp; I &nbsp; N &nbsp; G<br>(iii) I &nbsp; R &nbsp; R &nbsp; I &nbsp; G &nbsp; A &nbsp; T &nbsp; I &nbsp; O &nbsp; N <br>(iv) R &nbsp; I &nbsp; V &nbsp; E &nbsp; R",
          "code": "UN",
          "val": 1
        }
      ],
      []
    ],
    "mcq": "ch1_mcq",
    "fib": "ch1_fib",
    "mtf": "ch1_mtf",
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch1_co",
    "un": "ch1_un",
    "map": "ch1_map",
    "vsaq": "ch1_vsaq",
    "dtf": "ch1_dtf",
    "snc": "ch1_snc",
    "laq": "ch1_laq",
    "tf": "ch1_tf",
    "nf": "ch1_nf",
    "pbq": "ch1_pbq",
    "ctt": "ch1_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch1_ctco",
    "saq": "ch1_saq",
    "cs": "ch1_cs",
    "afq": "ch1_afq",
    "afow": "ch1_afow",
    "grf": "ch1_grf",
    "gowf": "ch1_gowf",
    "jtf": "ch1_jtf",
    "yn": "ch1_yn"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch2",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 2 - Microorganisms: Friend and Foe",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following reproduces only inside a host cell?",
          "ans": "(c) Virus",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Bacteria",
            "(b) Amoeba",
            "(c) Virus",
            "(d) Fungus"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A disease in human beings caused by virus is _______________.",
          "ans": "(b) dysentry",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) typhoid",
            "(b) dysentry",
            "(c) influenza",
            "(d) cholera"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Pathogenic microorganisms present in host cells are killed by medicines called",
          "ans": "(b) antibiotics",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) pain killer",
            "(b) antibiotics",
            "(c) antibodies",
            "(d) vaccines"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The two microorganisms which live in symbiotic association in lichens are",
          "ans": "(a) fungus and protozoa",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) fungus and protozoa",
            "(b) bacteria and protozoa",
            "(c) alga and bacteria",
            "(d) alga and fungus"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The gas released during the preparation of bread is",
          "ans": "(c) carbon dioxide",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) oxygen",
            "(b) nitrogen",
            "(c) carbon dioxide",
            "(d) sulphur dioxide"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The disease caused by a protozoan and spread by an insect is _______________.",
          "ans": "(c) malaria",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) dengue",
            "(b) polio",
            "(c) malaria",
            "(d) measles"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Jay dug two pits, A and B, in his garden. In pit A, he put a polythene bag packed with some agricultural waste. In pit B, he dumped the same kind of waste but without packing it in a polythene bag. He then covered both the pits with soil. What did he observe after a month?",
          "ans": "(b) Waste in pit B degraded faster than that in pit A.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Waste in pit A degraded faster than that in pit B.",
            "(b) Waste in pit B degraded faster than that in pit A.",
            "(c) Waste in both pits degraded almost equally.",
            "(d) Waste in both pits did not degrade at all."
          ],
          "val": 7
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Microorganisms may be single-celled like _______________ and _______________ or multicellular such as _______________ and _______________.",
          "ans": "bacteria, protozoa, algae, fungi",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Microorganisms such as _______________ and _______________ may live in colonies.",
          "ans": "algae, bacteria",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Common ailments like _______________, _______________ and _______________ are caused due to viruses.",
          "ans": "cold, influenza, coughs",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The bacterium _______________ promotes the formation of curd in milk.",
          "ans": "lactobacillus",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Antibiotics are not effective against cold and flu as these are caused by _______________.",
          "ans": "viruses",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Polio drops given to children are actually a _______________.",
          "ans": "antibiotic",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Microorganisms are used in agriculture to increase _______________.",
          "ans": "fertility",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "When a disease-carrying microbe enters our body, the body produces ______________ to fight the invaders.",
          "ans": "antibodies",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Microorganisms which cause diseases in human beings, plants and animals are called ______________.",
          "ans": "pathogens",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Cholera, tuberculosis and chicken pox are the examples of _______________ diseases.",
          "ans": "communicable",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Housefly is the example of _______________ insects which spread diseases.",
          "ans": "carrier",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ and ________________ are used to check the growth of microorganisms.",
          "ans": "Salts, edible oils",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Common salt is used to preserve _______________ and _______________ for ages.",
          "ans": "meat, fish",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The method of heating and sudden cooling, which stops the growth of microorganisms is known as _______________.",
          "ans": "pasteurisation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Match the Following.",
          "qus": "Match the names of scientists given in Column A with the discovery made by them given in Column B:",
          "ans": "1. (c),  2. (b), 3. (d),  4. (a)",
          "code": "MTF",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [
            {
              "image": "Column A",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Louis Pasteur",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Robert Koch",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Edward Jenner",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Alexander Fleming",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option2": [
            {
              "image": "Column B",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) Penicillin",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) Anthrax bacterium",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) Fermentation",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(d) Smallpox vaccine",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Match the Following.",
          "qus": "Match the microorganisms given in Column A to the group to which they belong in Column B:",
          "ans": "1. (d),  2. (c), 3. (a),  4. (b)",
          "code": "MTF",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [
            {
              "image": "Column A",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Lactobacillus",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Aspergillus",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Spirogyra",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Paramecium",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option2": [
            {
              "image": "Column B",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) Algae",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) Protozoa",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) Fungi",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(d) Bacteria",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by microorganisms? Name the groups in which microorganisms can be classified.",
          "ans": "The organisms which are small in size and cannot be seen with unaided eye are cared microorganism. They are classified into four major groups, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and algae.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How does reproduction take place in viruses?",
          "ans": "Reproduction in viruses takes place inside the cells of host organism, which may be a bacterium, plant or animal.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Where do microorganisms live? Explain briefly.",
          "ans": "Microorganism live in all types of environment, ranging from ice cold climate to hot springs; and deserts to marshy lands. They are also found inside bodies of animals including humans.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe the commercial production of alcohol and wine with the help of yeast.",
          "ans": "Yeast is used for commercial production of alcohol and wine. For this purpose yeast is grown on natural sugars present in grains like barley, wheat, rice, crushed fruit juice etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Mention the three uses of antibiotics.",
          "ans": "<ul><li>Used to kill or stop the growth of disease causing microorganisms. </li><li>They are used to cure disease. </li><li>They are also used to control many plant diseases.</li></ul>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain the working of vaccine.",
          "ans": "When a disease carrying microbe enters our body, they body produces antibodies to fight invader. Body remembers the microbes and fights and kills the invading bacteria by producing suitable antibodies. The antibodies remain in body & we are protected from disease causing microbes forever.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Discuss the role of microorganisms in cleaning of the environment.",
          "ans": "Microorganisms decompose the dead organic matter in form of decaying plants and sometimes animals on the ground. These decomposed substances are again used by other plants and animals.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are communicable diseases? Give some examples of such diseases.",
          "ans": "The diseases that can spread from an infected person to a healthy person through air, water, food or physical contact are called communicable diseases. Examples: cholera, common cold, chicken pox and tuberculosis.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by carriers of disease? Name two such carriers and the diseases they cause.",
          "ans": "The insects or animals which carry disease causing microbes along with them are called carriers of disease. Example: <ol><li>Flies causes viral infections and food poisoning. </li><li>Female anopheles mosquito causes malaria, dengue.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List the measures which help to avoid the spread of malaria.",
          "ans": "<ul><li>Use mosquito net and repellents. </li><li>Spray insecticides and control breeding of mosquitoes by not allowing water to collect in the surrounding.</li></ul>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List the general preventive measures that need to be adopted against the infection of cholera and typhoid.",
          "ans": "Maintain personal hygiene and good sanitary habits. Consume properly cooked food and boiled drinking water and also take vaccination.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are general methods of food preservation?",
          "ans": "Food can be preserved by chemical methods, common salt, sugar, oil and vinegar or by heat and cold treatments.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How does sugar help in preservation of jams, jellies and squashes?",
          "ans": "Jams, jellies and squashes are preserved by sugar. Sugar reduces the moisture content which inhibits the growth of bacteria which spoil food.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain in brief the process of pasteurisation.",
          "ans": "The process of pasteurisation is used to prevent the growth of microbes in milk. In this method, milk is heated above 70°C for 15 to 30 seconds and the suddenly chilled and stored. this process is known as pasteurisation.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain the role of biological nitrogen fixers in increasing soil fertility.",
          "ans": "Certain bacteria and blue green algae present in the soil fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and convert it into compounds of nitrogen. Once nitrogen is converted into these usable compounds, it can be utilised by plants from the soil through their root system. Nitrogen is then used for the synthesis of plant proteins and other compounds.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Draw a flow chart depicting the nitrogen cycle.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch2a16.jpg",
            "width": "562",
            "height": "369"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you understand by food poisoning?",
          "ans": "The microorganisms present in food sometimes produces toxic substances. These substances make the food poisonous causing serious illness even death. So, it is very important that we preserve food to prevent it from being spoilt.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Observe the set-up given in the figure and answer the following questions. <br>&emsp;(a)What happens to the sugar solution in A? <br>&emsp;(b) Which gas is released in A? <br>&emsp;(c) What changes will you observe in B when the released gas passes through it?",
          "ans": "(a) Turns milky. <br>(b) Calcium carbonate <br>(c) Gas bubbles observed",
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch2p1.jpg",
            "width": "410",
            "height": "200"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Observe the below figure and answer the following questions. <br>(a) Name the microorganism and the group to which it belongs. <br>(b) Name the food item on which the organism grows. <br>(c) Does it grow well in dry or in moist conditions? <br>(d) Is it safe to eat infected bread?",
          "ans": "(a) Bread mould, fungi <br>(b) Bread <br>(c) in moist conditions <br>(d) No",
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch2p2.jpg",
            "width": "330",
            "height": "250"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "val": 2
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
          "qus": "Unscramble the jumbled words underlined in the following statements. <br>Cells of our body produce <u>santiidobe</u> to fight pathogens.",
          "ans": "antibodies",
          "code": "UN",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
          "qus": "Unscramble the jumbled words underlined in the following statements. <br><u>curbossulite</u> is an airborne disease caused by a bacterium.",
          "ans": "Tuberculosis",
          "code": "UN",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
          "qus": "Unscramble the jumbled words underlined in the following statements. <br><u>Xanrhat</u> is a dangerous bacterial disease.",
          "ans": "Anthras",
          "code": "UN",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
          "qus": "Unscramble the jumbled words underlined in the following statements. <br>Yeasts are used in the wine industry because of their property of <u>meronettinaf</u>.",
          "ans": "fermentation",
          "code": "UN",
          "val": 4
        }
      ],
      []
    ],
    "mcq": "ch2_mcq",
    "fib": "ch2_fib",
    "mtf": "ch2_mtf",
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch2_co",
    "un": "ch2_un",
    "map": "ch2_map",
    "vsaq": "ch2_vsaq",
    "dtf": "ch2_dtf",
    "snc": "ch2_snc",
    "laq": "ch2_laq",
    "tf": "ch2_tf",
    "nf": "ch2_nf",
    "pbq": "ch2_pbq",
    "ctt": "ch2_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch2_ctco",
    "saq": "ch2_saq",
    "cs": "ch2_cs",
    "afq": "ch2_afq",
    "afow": "ch2_afow",
    "grf": "ch2_grf",
    "gowf": "ch2_gowf",
    "jtf": "ch2_jtf",
    "yn": "ch2_yn"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch3",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 3 - Synthetic Fibres and Plastics",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Pick the synthetic fibre out of the following.",
          "ans": "(c) Nylon",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Cotton",
            "(b) Jute",
            "(c) Nylon",
            "(d) Wool"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is a source of rayon?",
          "ans": "(b) Wood pulp",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Wool",
            "(b) Wood pulp",
            "(c) PET",
            "(d) Silk"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Polycot is obtained by mixing",
          "ans": "(b) polyester and cotton",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) nylon and wool",
            "(b) nylon and cotton",
            "(c) polyester and wool",
            "(d) polyester and cotton"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which is a thermosetting plastic?",
          "ans": "(a) Melamine",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Melamine",
            "(b) PVC",
            "(c) Polythene",
            "(d) Nylon"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The material similar to silk in appearance is",
          "ans": "(c) Rayon",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Nylon",
            "(b) Polyester",
            "(c) Rayon",
            "(d) Terylene"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The most suitable material for the preparation of handles of cooking utensils is",
          "ans": "(d) Bakelite",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Polythene",
            "(b) Nylon",
            "(c) PVC",
            "(d) Bakelite"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is not a common property of plastics?",
          "ans": "(d) Good conductor of electricity",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Non-reactive",
            "(b) Durable",
            "(c) Light in weight",
            "(d) Good conductor of electricity"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following represents the correct match for items in Column A with those in Column B?",
          "ans": "(c) I-(iii), II-(i), III-(ii)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) I-(ii), II-(iii), III-(i)",
            "(b) I-(ii), II-(i), III-(iii)",
            "(c) I-(iii), II-(i), III-(ii)",
            "(d) I-(iii), II-(ii), III-(i)"
          ],
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch3m8.jpg",
            "width": "470",
            "height": "100"
          },
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following groups contains all synthetic substances?",
          "ans": "(b) PVC, Polythene, Bakelite",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Nylon, Terylene, Wool",
            "(b) PVC, Polythene, Bakelite",
            "(c) Cotton, Polycot, Rayon",
            "(d) Acrylic, Silk, Wool"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The material which is commonly used for making kitchen containers is",
          "ans": "(d) PET",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) PVC",
            "(b) Teflon",
            "(c) Acrylic",
            "(d) PET"
          ],
          "val": 10
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe fabric terywool is obtained by mixing terylene and wool.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tSynthetic fibres do not melt on heating.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIt is risky to wear synthetic clothes while working in the kitchen.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tMost of the plastics are biodegradable.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The artificial silk created is known as _______________.",
          "ans": "ray on",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Rayon is created by the chemical treatment of _______________.",
          "ans": "wood pulp",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Nylon is a man made fibre which is made by using _______________, _______________, and _______________.",
          "ans": "coal, water, air",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is a synthetic fibre which is used to make dress material.",
          "ans": "Polyster",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The full form of PET is _______________.",
          "ans": "Polyethylene terephthalate",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Synthetic fibre which looks similar to wool is known as _______________.",
          "ans": "acrylic",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Plastic is a type of _______________.",
          "ans": "synthetic fibre",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The arrangement of units in plastic is either _______________ or _______________.",
          "ans": "linear, cross linked",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ and _______________ are the examples of thermoplastics.",
          "ans": "Polythene, PVC",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Bakelite is a _______________ conductor of heat.",
          "ans": "poor",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Material which gets naturally decomposed through natural process is called _______________.",
          "ans": "biodegradable",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Polythene bag is an example of _______________.",
          "ans": "plastic",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Match the Following.",
          "qus": "Match items in List A with the items of list B:",
          "ans": "1. (c),  2. (d), 3. (e),  4. (b),  5. (a)",
          "code": "MTF",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [
            {
              "image": "List A",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Nylon",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. PET",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Rayon",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Thermosetting plastics",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "5. Teflon",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option2": [
            {
              "image": "List B",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) Non-stick coating",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) Electric switches",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) Parachutes",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(d) Polyester",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(e) Artificial silk",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Match the Following.",
          "qus": "Match the terms of column A correctly with the phrases given in column B:",
          "ans": "1. (c),  2. (d), 3. (e),  4. (b),  5. (a)",
          "code": "MTF",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [
            {
              "image": "Column A",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Polyester",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Teflon",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Rayon",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Nylon",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option2": [
            {
              "image": "Column B",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) Prepared by using wood pulp.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) Used for making parachutes and stockings.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) Used to make non-stick cookware.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(d) Fabrics do not wrinkle easily.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by synthetic fibre?",
          "ans": "The fibres which are made by human beings are called synthetic fibre.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define polymer.",
          "ans": "Small units of synthetic fibres combine and form a chain is called polymer.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How is rayon made? Where is it used?",
          "ans": "Rayon is made by chemical treatment of wood pulp. Rayon is used to made bedsheets and carpets.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write two uses of nylon fibres.",
          "ans": "<ul><li>Nylon is used for making parachutes. </li><li>Nylon is used for socks, ropes, bags, curtains etc.</li></ul>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why should one not wear synthetic clothes while working near fire?",
          "ans": "Synthetic clothes are thin and can catch fire easily. So, it is advisable not to wear synthetic clothes while working near fire to avoid major injuries.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write the characteristics of synthetic fibres.",
          "ans": "Synthetic fibres dry up quickly, are durable, less expensive, readily available and easy to maintain.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Draw the arrangements of units found in different plastics.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3a7.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "250"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the advantages of plastics?",
          "ans": "Plastics are light in weight, lower price, good strength and easy handling.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define thermoplastics. Write few uses of thermoplastics.",
          "ans": "The plastics which gets deformed easily on heating and can be bent easily are known as thermoplastics. they are used in manufacturing toys, combs and various types of containers.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by thermosetting plastics? Give two examples of it.",
          "ans": "The plastics which once moulded, cannot be softened by heating are called thermosetting plastics. Example: Bakelite and melamine.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe an activity to show that thermoplastic is a poor conductor of electricity.",
          "ans": "Electrical wires have plastic covering which shows that plastics are poor conductors of electricity.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Enlist the characteristics of plastic.",
          "ans": "Plastics are non-reactive, light, strong and durable and poor conductors of electricity.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why plastics are used to store many chemicals and materials?",
          "ans": "Plastic materials are used to store many chemicals & materials because plastics don’t react with chemicals.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write the names of a few appliances which are made by using different types of plastics.",
          "ans": "Special plastic cookware for cooking in oven, handles of pans, cookers etc. Teflon is a special plastic on which oil and water do not stick. It is used for non-stick coating on cookwares.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "‘Avoid plastics as far as possible’. Comment on this advice.",
          "ans": "Plastic takes several years to decompose, it causes environmental pollution and it is not ecofriendly. So, the use of plastic should be avoided.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give examples to show that plastics are non-corrosive in nature.",
          "ans": "Like metals, plastics do not get corroded when exposed to water and air. Thats why they are used to store various kinds of materials like chemicals.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Should the handles and bristles of a toothbrush be made of the same material? Explain your answer.",
          "ans": "No, handle and toothbrush bristles should not be made of same material. This is because, handle needs to be hard, while bristles need to be soft. Handle should be made up of a material which provides firm grip and bristles should be made up of soft material, which do harm the teeth.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Complete the crossword given below with the help of clues. <p><b>Across:</b> <ol><li>Substance used as synthetic wool (7) </li><li>A plastic used for making containers and carry bags (9) </li><li>Substance made up of large number of smaller molecules (7) </li><li>Another name for this compound is artificial silk (5) </li></ol></p><p><b>Down:</b><ol><li>A type of fibre obtained naturally from cocoon (4) </li><li>A synthetic fibre classified as polyester (8) </li><li>A polymer used for making rope (5)",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch3p1.jpg",
            "width": "370",
            "height": "350"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch3p1a.jpg",
            "width": "370",
            "height": "350"
          },
          "val": 1
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
          "qus": "<p>Unscramble the jumbled words given below, related to synthetic materials.</p>(a) anory ____________________________________ <br>(b) lopmery __________________________________ <br>(c) relyteen ___________________________________ <br>(d) laspict ____________________________________ <br>(e) yespolter __________________________________ <br>(f) felton _____________________________________",
          "ans": "(a)rayon <br>(b) polymer <br>(c) terylene <br>(d) plastic <br>(e) polyester <br>(f) teflon",
          "code": "UN",
          "val": 1
        }
      ],
      []
    ],
    "mcq": "ch3_mcq",
    "fib": "ch3_fib",
    "mtf": "ch3_mtf",
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch3_co",
    "un": "ch3_un",
    "map": "ch3_map",
    "vsaq": "ch3_vsaq",
    "dtf": "ch3_dtf",
    "snc": "ch3_snc",
    "laq": "ch3_laq",
    "tf": "ch3_tf",
    "nf": "ch3_nf",
    "pbq": "ch3_pbq",
    "ctt": "ch3_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch3_ctco",
    "saq": "ch3_saq",
    "cs": "ch3_cs",
    "afq": "ch3_afq",
    "afow": "ch3_afow",
    "grf": "ch3_grf",
    "gowf": "ch3_gowf",
    "jtf": "ch3_jtf",
    "yn": "ch3_yn"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch4",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 4 - Materials: Metals and Non-Metals",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is not a metal?",
          "ans": "(c) Sulphur",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Copper",
            "(b) Aluminium",
            "(c) Sulphur",
            "(d) Iron"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The substance that will be flattened on beating with a hammer is",
          "ans": "(d) zinc granule",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) crystal of iodine",
            "(b) piece of coal",
            "(c) lump of sulphur",
            "(d) zinc granule"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Chris has learnt that non-metals on beating with a hammer are generally broken into pieces. Which of the following is non-metal.",
          "ans": "(d) piece of coal",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) iron nail",
            "(b) copper plate",
            "(c) aluminium wire",
            "(d) piece of coal"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Materials which can be drawn into wires are called ductile. Which of the following is not a ductile material?",
          "ans": "(b) Sulphur",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Silver",
            "(b) Sulphur",
            "(c) Copper",
            "(d) Aluminium"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Metals are generally hard. Which of the following metals is an exception and can be cut with a knife?",
          "ans": "(c) Sodium",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Iron",
            "(b) Gold",
            "(c) Sodium",
            "(d) Magnesium"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Metals are generally solid. Which of the following metals is in the liquid state at room temperature?",
          "ans": "(a) Mercury",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Mercury",
            "(b) Aluminium",
            "(c) Silver",
            "(d) Sodium"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Metals generally react with dilute acids to produce hydrogen gas. Which one of the following metals does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid?",
          "ans": "(d) Copper",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Magnesium",
            "(b) Iron",
            "(c) Aluminium",
            "(d) Copper"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following reacts with cold water vigorously?",
          "ans": "(a) Carbon",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Carbon",
            "(b) Magnesium",
            "(c) Sodium",
            "(d) Sulphur"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The metal which produces hydrogen gas on reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid as well as sodium hydroxide solution is",
          "ans": "(d) sodium",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) copper",
            "(b) aluminium",
            "(c) iron",
            "(d) sodium"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following non-metals reacts and catches fire on exposure to air?",
          "ans": "(a) Phosphorus",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Phosphorus",
            "(b) Sulphur",
            "(c) Nitrogen",
            "(d) Hydrogen"
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Generally metallic oxides are basic and non-metallic oxides are acidic in nature. Solution of which of the following oxides in water will change the colour of blue litmus to red?",
          "ans": "(a) Sulphur dioxide",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Sulphur dioxide",
            "(b) Iron oxide",
            "(c) Magnesium oxide",
            "(d) Copper oxide"
          ],
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following properties is not responsible for copper to be used as electrical conduction wires?",
          "ans": "(c) Colour",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Ductility",
            "(b) Good conductor of electricity",
            "(c) Colour",
            "(d) It is solid"
          ],
          "val": 12
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe property of metals by virtue of which they can be drawn into wires is called ductility.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tMetals are good conductors of electricity but poor conductors of heat.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tArticles made of metals produce ringing sound when struck hard.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tOxides of non-metals and metals are acidic in nature.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tA less reactive metal replaces a more reactive metal from its salt solution in water.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ property allows the metal to bend into thin sheets on applying force.",
          "ans": "Malleability",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Property of metals which allows them to be drawn into wires is known as _______________.",
          "ans": "ductility",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Metals are said to be _______________ as they produce ringing sound.",
          "ans": "sonorous",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The reaction between sulphur and oxygen gives _______________.",
          "ans": "Sulphur dioxide gas",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Sulphurous acid turns _______________ litmus paper _______________.",
          "ans": "blue, red",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is a metal which causes fire when exposed to air.",
          "ans": "Phosphorus",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Copper sulphate on reaction with zinc gives _______________ along with _______________.",
          "ans": "zinc sulphate, copper",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Match the Following.",
          "qus": "Match the substances in Column A with their applications given in Column B:",
          "ans": "1. (c),  2. (d), 3. (a),  4. (e),  5. (b)",
          "code": "MTF",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [
            {
              "image": "Column A (Substance)",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Oxygen",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Copper",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Sulphur",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Iron",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "5. Chlorine",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option2": [
            {
              "image": "Column B (Application)",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) for making crackers.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) for disinfecting water.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) all living beings inhale during respiration.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(d) for making electric wires.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(e) for making rails.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by ‘Metals’?",
          "ans": "A solid material which is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity are called ‘Metals’.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give few examples of Metals and Non-Metals.",
          "ans": "<b>Metals:</b> Gold, Silver, Steel, Aluminium, Mercury. <br><b>Non-metals:</b> Phosphorus, Sulphur, Carbon, Oxygen.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the physical properties of metals?",
          "ans": "Physical properties of metals are lustre, malleability, ductility, conductivity, sonorous, solid.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write an activity to check whether a material is a poor or good conductor of electricity.",
          "ans": "Take few materials like, Iron Nail, sulphur, coal piece, copper wire etc. Now pass electricity through them all. Copper wire and Iron nails allow electricity to pass through them so they are good conductors of electricity and coal piece and sulphur piece are poor conductors as they don’t allow electricity to pass through them.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe an activity to show the reaction of acid with metals.",
          "ans": "Take any metal, mix it with hydrochloric acid. You will observe that, acids reacts with metals to liberate hydrogen and corresponding salt of metal. Example: Jn + 2HCl → Zncl<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe an activity to show the reaction of metals with base.",
          "ans": "All the metals reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce hydrogen.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write a chemical reaction which shows that metals displace another metal from its compound in aqueous solutions.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch4a7.jpg",
            "width": "460",
            "height": "90"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write down the applications of metals.",
          "ans": "Metals are used in making wires and sheets, which are used for various purposes. Example: Copper and Aluminium wires used for conduction of electricity. Iron sheets are often used for making roof sheds. Metals are used in making machinery, automobiles, utensils, industrial gadgets, water boilers etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give a few examples of non-metals along with their uses.",
          "ans": "<ul><li>Oxygen: essential for our life, as oxygen is required for respiration process. </li><li>Carbon-di-oxide: essential for green plants to carry photosynthesis. </li><li>Chlorine: used in water purification process. </li><li>Sulphar: used in crackers.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Iron is more reactive than copper. Can you write an activity to show this?",
          "ans": "When iron nails are placed in copper sulphate solution, displacement reaction takes place in which iron displaces copper. <p>Copper sulphate + Iron → Iron sulphate + Copper</p>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What happens when dilute sulphuric acid is poured on a copper plate?",
          "ans": "When dilute sulphuric acid is poured on a copper plate, copper reacts with acid to give copper sulphate and hydrogen gas. <p>Sulphuric acid + Copper → Copper sulphate + Hydrogen</p>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What happens when write down word equations of all the reactions taking place in this process.",
          "ans": "Sulphuric acid + Copper → Copper sulphate + Hydrogen <p>Copper dilmate + Iron sulphate → Iron sulphate + Copper</p>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What happens when can you store lemon pickle in an aluminium utensil? Explain.",
          "ans": "No, we cannot store the lemon pickle in aluminium utensil because aluminium is a metal and lemon is acidic. Acids react with metals to give hydrogen gas which would spoil the food and make it unfit for use.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Find out the names of three metals and three non-metals from the given box.",
          "ans": "<b>Metal &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp; Non-metal</b> <br>Copper &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sulphur <br>Iron &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;Oxygen <br>Aluminium &emsp;&emsp;&nbsp; Carbon",
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch4p1.jpg",
            "width": "270",
            "height": "290"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch4p1a.jpg",
            "width": "270",
            "height": "290"
          },
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Complete the crossword with the help of the clues. <p><b>Across:</b> <ol><li>Which is generally hard, ductile, malleable and sonorous? </li><li>A metal is called if so it can be drawn into wires. </li><li>Metal bells are used because of this property. </li></ol></p><p><b>Down:</b> <ol><li>A metal generally used for making jewellery. </li><li>A metal which is liquid at room temperature. </li><li>A metal which reacts with acid as well as base to form hydrogen gas. </li><li>Substances used to enhance the growth of plants. </li><li>Property by virtue of which metals can be beaten into thin sheets. </li></ol></p>",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch4p2.jpg",
            "width": "330",
            "height": "440"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch4p2a.jpg",
            "width": "330",
            "height": "440"
          },
          "val": 2
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "mcq": "ch4_mcq",
    "fib": "ch4_fib",
    "mtf": "ch4_mtf",
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch4_co",
    "un": "ch4_un",
    "map": "ch4_map",
    "vsaq": "ch4_vsaq",
    "dtf": "ch4_dtf",
    "snc": "ch4_snc",
    "laq": "ch4_laq",
    "tf": "ch4_tf",
    "nf": "ch4_nf",
    "pbq": "ch4_pbq",
    "ctt": "ch4_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch4_ctco",
    "saq": "ch4_saq",
    "cs": "ch4_cs",
    "afq": "ch4_afq",
    "afow": "ch4_afow",
    "grf": "ch4_grf",
    "gowf": "ch4_gowf",
    "jtf": "ch4_jtf",
    "yn": "ch4_yn"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch5",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 5 - Coal and Petroleum",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Various materials which are obtained from nature are called natural resources. Which of the following is not a natural resource?",
          "ans": "(d) Plastic",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Minerals",
            "(b) Soil",
            "(c) Water",
            "(d) Plastic"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Air is a natural resource and cannot be exhausted by human activities. It is known as inexhaustible natural resource. Which of the following is another inexhaustible natural resource?",
          "ans": "(b) Sunlight",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Coal",
            "(b) Sunlight",
            "(c) Petroleum",
            "(d) Minerals"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is a pair of exhaustible natural resources?",
          "ans": "(d) Wildlife and minerals",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Coal and soil",
            "(b) Water and petroleum",
            "(c) Air and sunlight",
            "(d) Wildlife and minerals"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Coal is processed in industries to get some useful products. Which of the following is not obtained from coal?",
          "ans": "(d) CNG",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Coke",
            "(b) Coal gas",
            "(c) Coal tar",
            "(d) CNG"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Exhaustible natural resources are",
          "ans": "(c) limited in quantity",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) unlimited in quantity",
            "(b) not dependent on nature",
            "(c) limited in quantity",
            "(d) not exhausted by human activities"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Fossil fuels are obtained from",
          "ans": "(d) dead remains of living organisms",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) remains of non-living materials",
            "(b) dead remains of birds only",
            "(c) dead remains of insects only",
            "(d) dead remains of living organisms"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Coal is formed from the remains of",
          "ans": "(a) vegetation only",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) vegetation only",
            "(b) both vegetation and animals",
            "(c) animals only",
            "(d) neither vegetation nor animals"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which substance is formed by the carbonisation of dead vegetation?",
          "ans": "(a) Coal",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Coal",
            "(b) Coal gas",
            "(c) Coke",
            "(d) Coal tar"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Naphthalene balls are obtained from coal tar and are used as",
          "ans": "(b) moth repellant",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) mosquito repellant",
            "(b) moth repellant",
            "(c) honeybee repellant",
            "(d) snake repellant"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is not a constituent of petroleum?",
          "ans": "(d) Coke",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Paraffin wax",
            "(b) Petrol",
            "(c) Lubricating oil",
            "(d) Coke"
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Petroleum was formed from organisms",
          "ans": "(b) living in the sea",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) living on the land",
            "(b) living in the sea",
            "(c) living on the plants",
            "(d) living on the rocks"
          ],
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Choose the correct statement from the following:",
          "ans": "(c) Natural gas is stored under high pressure as compressed natural gas.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) It is difficult to transport natural gas through pipes.",
            "(b) The disadvantage of natural gas is that it cannot be used directly for burning in homes.",
            "(c) Natural gas is stored under high pressure as compressed natural gas.",
            "(d) Natural gas cannot be used for power generation."
          ],
          "val": 12
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tOxygen in air is an exhaustible natural resource.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tResources which are present in unlimited quantity in nature are called exhaustible natural resources.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tWildlife is an exhaustible natural resource.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tUnder high temperature and pressure, dead plants get slowly converted to coal.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tCNG is less polluting fuel than petrol and diesel.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Coal mainly consists of _______________.",
          "ans": "carbon",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called _______________.",
          "ans": "carbonization",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Natural resources like petroleum and natural gas are also called _______________.",
          "ans": "fossil fuels",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is almost a pure form of carbon.",
          "ans": "Coke",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is obtained as a byproduct during the processing of coal to get coke.",
          "ans": "Coal gas",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is used in paints and road surfacing.",
          "ans": "Bitumen",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is used for lubricating.",
          "ans": "Lubricating oil",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The process of separating various constituents of petroleum is known as _______________.",
          "ans": "refining",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Match the Following.",
          "qus": "Match the items given in Column A with the items of Column B:",
          "ans": "1. (c),  2. (d), 3. (a),  4. (b)",
          "code": "MTF",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [
            {
              "image": "Column A",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Used for road surfacing",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Natural Gas",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Petroleum",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Paraffin wax",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option2": [
            {
              "image": "Column B",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) Black gold",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) Vaseline and candles",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) Bitumen",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(d) CNG",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How is coal formed?",
          "ans": "Coal is a fossil fuel formed by deeply buried remains of vegetation under compression, high pressure and high temperature, over million of years.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write the uses of coal.",
          "ans": "<ul><li>Coal is used to cook food. </li><li>It is used to thermal power plants to produce electricity. </li><li>It is also used as an industrial fuel </li></ul>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by fossil fuel? Give three examples of it.",
          "ans": "The remains of dead plants are called fossils. The fuels formed by remains of dead plants and animals are called Fossil Fuels.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe the characteristics and uses of coke.",
          "ans": "<ul><li>It is tough, porous and black substance obtained from coal. </li><li>It is almost pure form of coal. </li><li>Coke is used in manufacturing of steel and in extraction of many metals.</li></ul>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain the process of formation of petroleum?",
          "ans": "Petroleum is formed from organisms living in the sea. As organisms died, their bodies settled at bottom of sea. <p>These bodies got covered with layers of sand & clay over million of years in absence of air, and under high temp & pressure these dead remains got converted into petroleum and natural gas.</p>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the different constituents of petroleum?",
          "ans": "Petroleum is the mixture of various fractions. These fractions are: LPG, petrol, kerosene, diesel, bitumen, lubricating oil, paraffin wax.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write the uses of different constituents of petroleum.",
          "ans": "<ol><li>LPG – used as domestic and industrial fuel </li><li>Petrol – used as motor fuel, aviation fuel and solvent for dry cleaning </li><li>Kerosene – used as fuel for stoves, lamps and for jet air crafts </li><li>Diesel – as a fuel for heavy motor vehicles and electric generators </li><li>Lubricating oil – used as lubricant </li><li>Bitumen – used in making paints & road surfacing. </li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the applications of CNG?",
          "ans": "Compressed Natural Gas: <ol><li>It does not produce any pollution, </li><li>No residue is left after burning of CNG, </li><li>It burns completely in air.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Where can we find natural gas in India?",
          "ans": "Almost 70% of India’s Natural Gas reserves are found in Bombay High Basin and in Gujarat rest found in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Mumbai.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the tips given by Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) to save petrol/diesel while driving?",
          "ans": "<ol><li>Drive at a constant and moderate speed, as far as possible </li><li>Ensure correct tyre pressure </li><li>Switch off the engine at traffic lights or at a place, where you have to wait </li><li>Ensure regular maintenance of vehicle. </li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Complete the crossword with the help of the clues: <p><b>Across:</b> <ol><li>Fuels obtained from dead remains of living organisms. (6, 5) </li><li>A process by which the various constituents of petroleum are separated. (8)</li><li>A porous black substance obtained from coal. (4)</li><li>Another name for motor fuel. (6)</li></ol></p><p><b>Down:</b> <ol><li>The substance obtained by carbonisation. (4)</li><li>Fuel for heavy motor vehicles. (6) </li><li>A petroleum product used for road surfacing. (7) </li><li>Dead remains of sea animals got converted into it. (9)</li></ol></p>",
          "ans": "MBD",
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch5p1.jpg",
            "width": "480",
            "height": "380"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch5p1a.jpg",
            "width": "480",
            "height": "380"
          },
          "val": 1
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
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      [],
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      [],
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      [],
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      [],
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      [],
      [],
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      [],
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      [],
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    ],
    "mcq": "ch5_mcq",
    "fib": "ch5_fib",
    "mtf": "ch5_mtf",
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch5_co",
    "un": "ch5_un",
    "map": "ch5_map",
    "vsaq": "ch5_vsaq",
    "dtf": "ch5_dtf",
    "snc": "ch5_snc",
    "laq": "ch5_laq",
    "tf": "ch5_tf",
    "nf": "ch5_nf",
    "pbq": "ch5_pbq",
    "ctt": "ch5_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch5_ctco",
    "saq": "ch5_saq",
    "cs": "ch5_cs",
    "afq": "ch5_afq",
    "afow": "ch5_afow",
    "grf": "ch5_grf",
    "gowf": "ch5_gowf",
    "jtf": "ch5_jtf",
    "yn": "ch5_yn"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch6",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 6 - Combustion and Flame",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A substance which reacts with oxygen giving heat is called a combustible substance. Which one of the following is a combustible substance?",
          "ans": "(d) Wood",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Iron nail",
            "(b) Stone piece",
            "(c) Glass",
            "(d) Wood"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following has the highest calorific value?",
          "ans": "(d) Petrol",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Kerosene",
            "(b) LPG",
            "(c) Biogas",
            "(d) Petrol"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Magnesium ribbon on burning in air produces",
          "ans": "(b) magnesium oxide and heat",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) magnesium oxide, water and light",
            "(b) magnesium oxide and heat",
            "(c) magnesium oxide, heat and light",
            "(d) magnesium oxide, water and heat"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is not a combustible substance?",
          "ans": "(c) Glass",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Camphor",
            "(b) Straw",
            "(c) Glass",
            "(d) Alcohol"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The substance that does not burn with flame is",
          "ans": "(d) charcoal",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) LPG",
            "(b) dry grass",
            "(c) camphor",
            "(d) charcoal"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "On placing an inverted tumbler over a burning candle, the flame extinguishes after some time. This is because of non-availability of",
          "ans": "(a) oxygen",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) oxygen",
            "(b) carbon dioxide",
            "(c) water vapours",
            "(d) wax"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "If a person’s clothes catche fire, the best way to extinguish the fire is to",
          "ans": "(c) cover the person with a woollen blanket",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) throw water on the clothes",
            "(b) use fire extinguisher",
            "(c) cover the person with a woollen blanket",
            "(d) cover the person with a polythene sheet"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The substance expected to have the highest ignition temperature out of the following is",
          "ans": "(b) coal",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) kerosene",
            "(b) coal",
            "(c) petrol",
            "(d) alcohol"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Choose the correct statement about inflammable substances from the following. They have",
          "ans": "(c) low ignition temperature and can catch fire easily.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) low ignition temperature and cannot catch fire easily.",
            "(b) high ignition temperature and can catch fire easily.",
            "(c) low ignition temperature and can catch fire easily.",
            "(d) high ignition temperature and cannot catch fire easily."
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Choose the incorrect statement from the following. Forest fires are usually due to",
          "ans": "(c) heat of the sun",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) carelessness of humans",
            "(b) cutting of trees",
            "(c) heat of the sun",
            "(d) lightning strike"
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The calorific value of a fuel is expressed in a unit called",
          "ans": "(d) kilojoule per kilogram",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) kilojoule per litre",
            "(b) kilojoule per gram",
            "(c) kilogram per millilitre",
            "(d) kilojoule per kilogram"
          ],
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In villages, people use wood as fuel because",
          "ans": "(b) of its easy availability and low cost",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) it is considered to be an ideal fuel",
            "(b) of its easy availability and low cost",
            "(c) it is environment friendly",
            "(d) it catches fire easily availability and low cost"
          ],
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which among the following is considered as the cleanest fuel?",
          "ans": "(a) Cow dung cake",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Cow dung cake",
            "(b) Kerosene",
            "(c) Petrol",
            "(d) Hydrogen gas"
          ],
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Choose the incorrect statement from the following. A good fuel is one which",
          "ans": "(d) burns easily in air at a moderate rate",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) is readily available",
            "(b) produces a large amount of heat",
            "(c) leaves behind many undesirable substances",
            "(d) burns easily in air at a moderate rate"
          ],
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Shyam was cooking potato curry on a chulha. To his surprise he observed that the copper vessel was getting blackened from outside. It may be due to",
          "ans": "(d) burning of copper vessel",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) proper combustion of the fuel",
            "(b) improper cooking of potato curry",
            "(c) improper combustion of the fuel",
            "(d) burning of copper vessel"
          ],
          "val": 15
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tA physical process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give off heat is called combustion.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tWater is the best extinguisher for fires involving electrical equipment.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAlcohol, CNG and LPG are inflammable substances.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIncreased concentration of nitrogen in air is believed to cause global warming.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tGreater the calorific value, better is the fuel.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tMiddle zone is the hottest zone of a flame.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False. Outermost zone is the hottest zone of flame.",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe substances which vapourise during burning give flame.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In combustion, substance reacts with _______________ and gives heat.",
          "ans": "oxygen",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A _______________ is a substance which undergoes combustion.",
          "ans": "fuel",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is a fuel for our body.",
          "ans": "Glucose",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The lowest temperature at which a substance catches fire is known as _______________.",
          "ans": "Ignition temperature",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ burns in air at room temperature.",
          "ans": "Phosphorus",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Explosion can also take place if _______________ is applied on the cracker.",
          "ans": "heat",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Amount of energy produced on complete combustion of 1 kg of fuel is called its _______________.",
          "ans": "calorific value",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The unit of Calorific value is _______________.",
          "ans": "KJ/Kg",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Match the Following.",
          "qus": "",
          "ans": "1. (d),  2. (f), 3. (e),  4. (b),  5. (a),  6. (c)",
          "code": "MTF",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [
            {
              "image": "Column I",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Oxides of sulphur and nitrogen",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. CNG",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Oxygen",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Inflammable substance",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "5. Carbon dioxide",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "6. Carbon monoxide",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option2": [
            {
              "image": "Column II",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) Fire extinguisher",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) Incomplete combustion of coal",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) Very low ignition temperature",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(d) Acid rain",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(e) Necessary for combustion",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(f) Fuel for automobiles",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Match the Following.",
          "qus": "Match the following for the flame of a candle:",
          "ans": "1. (c) (i),  2. (b) (ii), 3. (a) (iii)",
          "code": "MTF",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [
            {
              "image": "Column A",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Hottest part",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Moderately hot",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Carbon monoxide",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option2": [
            {
              "image": "Column B",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) innermost zone of unburnt wax vapours",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) middle zone of partial combustion",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) outer zone of complete combustion",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option3": [
            {
              "image": "Column C",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(i) blue",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(ii) black",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(iii) yellow",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by combustion?",
          "ans": "A chemical process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give off heat. Sometimes light, either as a flame or as a glow is also given off during combustion.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by inflammable substance? Give a few examples of it.",
          "ans": "The substances that have very low ignition temperature and can easily catch fire with a flame are known as inflammable substances. Example: alcohol, petrol etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why is water not suitable as extinguisher for fire in electrical equipment and in fire involving oil and petrol?",
          "ans": "Water is not suitable as extinguisher for fire in electrical equipment because water is good conductor of electricity and may result electric shock and oil and petrol are lighter than air, so they will float on water and continue to burn.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "CO<sub>2</sub> is considered as best fire extinguisher. Why?",
          "ans": "CO<sub>2</sub> is used as best fire extinguisher because it brings down the temperature of fuel.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by rapid combustion? Give one example of it.",
          "ans": "When combustion occurs rapidly/immediately by applying a flame such as burning of LPG gas in kitchen stove is called rapid combustion.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain spontaneous combustion with an example.",
          "ans": "The combustion in which a material suddenly bursts into flames, without the application of any apparent cause is known as spontaneous combustion. Example: burning of phosphorus at room temperature, without effort of burning it.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the difference between luminous and non-luminous zone in a flame?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Luminous zone",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• It is middle zone.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• Brightness of this zone is due to glow of unburnt carbon particles.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Non-luminous zone",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• It is outermost zone of complete combustion.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• It is the hottest zone.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "With a labelled diagram of a candle flame, describe its different zones.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch6a8.jpg",
            "width": "520",
            "height": "300"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give reason: Goldsmith uses the outermost zone of the flame for melting gold and silver.",
          "ans": "Goldsmith uses the outermost zone of the flame for melting gold and silver because it is the hottest zone and has more temperatures.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Charcoal does not produce flame. Explain.",
          "ans": "Charcoal does not produce flame because when burnt because it does not vapourize on burning.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why should the use of wood as a fuel be discouraged?",
          "ans": "The use of wood as a fuel should be discouraged because it releases unburnt carbon particles. These fine particles are dangerous pollutants causing respiratory diseases such as asthma.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Discuss the harmful effects of increasing fuel consumption on the environment.",
          "ans": "Increasing fuel consumption has harmful effects on the environment. <ol><li>Carbon fuels like wood, coal, petroleum releases unburnt carbon particles which causes respiratory diseases. </li><li>Global warming is also caused due to increase in fuel consumption.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write short notes on: <br>(i) Global warming <br>(ii) Acid rain",
          "ans": "(i) <b>Global warming:</b> Rise in temperature of atmosphere of earth is called Global warming. It mainly occurs due to cutting of trees, burning of fuels which causes pollution. <br>(ii) <b>Acid rain:</b> Burning of fossils fuels like coal, diesel and petrol release sulphur di oxide and oxides of nitrogen. These gases are extremely suffocating and corrosive. Oxides of these gases dissolve in rain water and form acids. Such rain is called acid rain.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In an experiment, 3.5 kg of a fuel was completely burnt. The heat produced was found to be 210,000 kJ. Calculate the calorific value of the fuel.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch6a14.jpg",
            "width": "252",
            "height": "70"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "The calorific values of petrol and CNG are 45,000 kJ/kg and 50,000 kJ/kg, respectively. If you have a vehicle which can run on petrol as well as CNG, which fuel will you prefer and why?",
          "ans": "50,000 KJ/kg – CNG",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Complete the crossword with given clues. <p><b>Across:</b> <ol><li>Non-metal which catches fire when exposed to air. (10) </li><li>The lowest temperature at which a substance catches fire is called its _______________ temperature. </il><li>The most common fire extinguisher. (5) </li></ol><p></p><b>Down:</b> <ol><li>A chemical process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give off heat. (10) </li><li>Petrol is used as a _______________ in automobiles. (4) </li><li>It is as hard as stone and black in colour. (4)</li></ol></p>",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch6p1.jpg",
            "width": "270",
            "height": "290"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch6p1a.jpg",
            "width": "270",
            "height": "290"
          },
          "val": 1
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "mcq": "ch6_mcq",
    "fib": "ch6_fib",
    "mtf": "ch6_mtf",
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch6_co",
    "un": "ch6_un",
    "map": "ch6_map",
    "vsaq": "ch6_vsaq",
    "dtf": "ch6_dtf",
    "snc": "ch6_snc",
    "laq": "ch6_laq",
    "tf": "ch6_tf",
    "nf": "ch6_nf",
    "pbq": "ch6_pbq",
    "ctt": "ch6_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch6_ctco",
    "saq": "ch6_saq",
    "cs": "ch6_cs",
    "afq": "ch6_afq",
    "afow": "ch6_afow",
    "grf": "ch6_grf",
    "gowf": "ch6_gowf",
    "jtf": "ch6_jtf",
    "yn": "ch6_yn"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch7",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 7 - Conservation of Plants and Animals",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Wild buffalo is an endangered species because",
          "ans": "(b) it has become extinct",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) its population is diminishing",
            "(b) it has become extinct",
            "(c) it is found exclusively in a particular area",
            "(d) its poaching is strictly prohibited"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following changes may occur due to desertification?",
          "ans": "(d) Conversion of fertile land into a desert.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Decrease in atmospheric temperature.",
            "(b) Increase in water-holding capacity of soil.",
            "(c) Increased chances of floods.",
            "(d) Conversion of fertile land into a desert."
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following statements is true about a Biosphere Reserve?",
          "ans": "(c) It is meant to conserve both the biodiversity and the culture of that area.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) It is a protected area where only endemic species live.",
            "(b) It is meant only for the conservation of plants and animals.",
            "(c) It is meant to conserve both the biodiversity and the culture of that area.",
            "(d) There are no other protected areas within its limits."
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The places meant for conservation of biodiversity in their natural habitat are <br>(i) Zoological garden &emsp;&emsp;&emsp; (ii) Wildlife sanctuary <br>(iii) Botanical garden &emsp;&emsp;&emsp; (iv) National park",
          "ans": "(a) i & ii",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) i & ii",
            "(b) ii & iii",
            "(c) iii & iv",
            "(d) i & iv"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following statements is true about endemic species?",
          "ans": "(a) They are found exclusively in a specific habitat.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) They are found exclusively in a specific habitat.",
            "(b) Endemic species can never become endangered.",
            "(c) They are found only in zoos and botanical gardens.",
            "(d) They are not affected by the destruction of their habitat."
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following features is correct for a wildlife sanctuary?",
          "ans": "(d) Capturing and poaching of animals is strictly prohibited here.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) It is an artificially created protected area for animals.",
            "(b) It is a protected area for threatened and endangered wild animals.",
            "(c) It is meant for conservation of only plant species.",
            "(d) Capturing and poaching of animals is strictly prohibited here."
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which statement is incorrect about endangered species?",
          "ans": "(c) They pose a danger to other animals.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Their number has decreased drastically.",
            "(b) They might become extinct in the near future.",
            "(c) They pose a danger to other animals.",
            "(d) Their natural habitat needs to be protected."
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "What do black buck, elephant, python and golden cat together represent in a forest?",
          "ans": "(a) Fauna",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Fauna",
            "(b) Ecosystem",
            "(c) Flora",
            "(d) Species"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The Red Data Book keeps a record of all the <br>(i) endemic species &emsp;&emsp;&emsp; (ii) endangered plants <br>(iii) extinct species &emsp;&emsp;&emsp; (iv) endangered animals",
          "ans": "(d) ii & iv",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) i & ii",
            "(b) ii & iii",
            "(c) iii & iv",
            "(d) ii & iv"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Migratory birds fly to far away areas during a particular time of a year. Which of the following conditions present in their habitat during that time are responsible for this behaviour? <br>(i) Unavailability of food <br>(ii) Extreme weather conditions <br>(iii) Overcrowding <br>(iv) Lack of nesting areas",
          "ans": "(a) ii & iii",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) ii & iii",
            "(b) i & ii",
            "(c) i & iv",
            "(d) ii & iv"
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In our country, large patches of forests are being cleared for cultivation of crops. The environmental impact of such a practice will lead to",
          "ans": "(b) soil pollution",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) soil erosion",
            "(b) soil pollution",
            "(c) soil conservation",
            "(d) soil fertility"
          ],
          "val": 11
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThere can be a wildlife sanctuary within a biosphere reserve.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tPlants of a particular area are collectively termed as fauna.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tDeforestation leads to an increase in the water-holding capacity of the soil.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tBison is an endemic fauna of Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tProperties of the soil like nutrient content, texture and water-holding capacity change because of deforestation.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAtmosphere is that part of the earth which supports life.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tSanctuaries are places where poaching of animals is strictly prohibited.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAnimals are more comfortable in a zoo than in their natural habitat.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tA Biosphere Reserve has a smaller area than a national park.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is a major threat to the survival of the organisms.",
          "ans": "Deforestation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Deforestation increases the _______________ and _______________ on the earth.",
          "ans": "temperature, carbondioxide",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Deforestation leads to decrease in _______________ capacity of the soil.",
          "ans": "water holding",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The _______________ help to maintain the biodiversity and culture of an area.",
          "ans": "trees",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The Panchmarhi Biosphere Reserve consists of a _______________ national park and two wildlife sancturies named _______________ and _______________.",
          "ans": "satpura, Bali, pachmarhi",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Introduction of new species may affect the natural habitat of _______________ species.",
          "ans": "old",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ and _______________ are the endemic flora of Panchmarhi biosphere reserve.",
          "ans": "sal, wild mango",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________, _______________ and _______________ are endemic fauna of Panchmarhi biosphere reserve.",
          "ans": "Bison, Indian giant squirrel, flying squirrel",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is a group of population which are capable of interbreeding.",
          "ans": "Species",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The finest Indian teak is found in _______________ National Park.",
          "ans": "satpura",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is the first Reserve Forest of India.",
          "ans": "Satpura",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ and _______________ are the two examples of Indian endangered animals.",
          "ans": "Barasingha, wild buffaloes",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Mention some purposes for cutting down of trees in the forest.",
          "ans": "<ul><li>Procuring land for cultivation. </li><li>Building houses and factories. </li><li>Making furniture, using wood as fuel and Natural causes such as forest fires and droughts. </li></ul>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List five important consequences of deforestation.",
          "ans": "<ol><li>It causes increase of atmospheric temperature </li><li>Severe droughts and factories </li><li>Increase in concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> leading to global warming  </li><li>Desertification </li><li>It causes destruction of wildlife. </li></ul>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by desertification? How is it caused?",
          "ans": "Deforestation changes the nature of soil, water holding capacity and soil erosion. Gradually, the fertile lands get converted into deserts. It is called desertification.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain the cause of global warming in brief.",
          "ans": "Deforestation causes increase of atmospheric temperature due to increase in concentration of carbon dioxide leading to global warming.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How does desertification affect the soil properties?",
          "ans": "It changes nature of soil, water holding capacity and soil erosion and take away fertility of soil.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Mention the role of government agencies in the protection and conservation of forests and animals.",
          "ans": "They grow more trees. They do not allow to cut trees. Animals are preserved by them in national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. So that they do not get extinct.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by ‘flora and fauna’ of an area? Give some examples.",
          "ans": "The plants and animals that are found in a particular area are termed as flora and fauna respectively of that area. Example: sal, teak are flora and cheetal, leopard are fauna of pachmarhi Biosphere reserve.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are endemic species? Mention the factors that may endanger their existence.",
          "ans": "Endemic species are those species of plants & animals which are found exclusively in a particular area. They are not naturally found anywhere else. They may get extinct due to lack of their reproduction.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are wildlife sanctuaries? Name some threatened wild animals protected and preserved in our sanctuaries.",
          "ans": "The place which provides protection and suitable living condition to wild animals is called wildlife santuaries. Black buck, pink headed duck, gharial, marsh crocodile, python are names of some threatened wild animals.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Differentiate between wildlife sanctuary and biosphere reserve.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Wildlife sanctuary",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "These are the protected areas which provide protection and suitable living conditions to wild animals sanctuaries are places where killing or capturing of animals is strictly prohibited.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Biosphere reserve",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "There are protected area for conservation of biodiversity and culture of that area is called Biosphere reserve. It consists of protected areas such as National Parks and Sanctuaries.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What was the objective of the ‘Project Tiger’ launched by the government?",
          "ans": "‘Project Tiger’ was launched by the government to protect the tigers in the country. The objective was to ensure the survival and maintenance of tiger population in the country.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain the term ‘Ecosystem’.",
          "ans": "All living components, such as plants, animals & microorganisms and non-living components such as climate, soil, river, deltas etc constitute an ecosystem.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why should we not ignore the role of smaller animals in the ecosystem?",
          "ans": "They eat up few microorganisms and are food for other animals. So we should not ignore the role of smaller animals in ecosystem so as to not disturb food chain of ecosystem.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Differentiate between Zoo and National Park.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Zoo",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "They are the places where some animals are protected in artificial habitats for public view.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "National Park",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "They are the places where whole set ecosystem is present. It reserves flora, fauna, landscape and historic objects of an area.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain ‘Red Data Book’.",
          "ans": "The source book which keeps a record of all the endangered animals and plants. There are different red data books.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are migratory birds?",
          "ans": "The movement of birds from its own habitat to some other for a particular time period every yea. For a specific purpose like breeding are called migratory birds.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why do birds migrate?",
          "ans": "Birds migrate for purposes and like breeding, change to temperature for survival etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Discuss the beneficial aspects of recycling of paper.",
          "ans": "The wood pulp and the bark of trees are used in manufacturing of paper. So we should recycle paper to save trees.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write a short note on &ldquo;reforestation&rdquo;.",
          "ans": "Reforestation is restocking of the destroyed forests by planting new trees. We should plant at least as many trees as we cut. It can take place naturally also. It the deforested area is left undisturbed, it re-establishes itself. In natural reforestation there is no role of human beings to save our forests we must plant trees.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Discuss the aim of Forest Conservation Act.",
          "ans": "This act is aimed as preservation and conservation of natural forests and meeting the basic need of the people living in or near the forests.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is meant by natural reforestation?",
          "ans": "The deforested are when left undisturbed, it re-establishes itself. This is called natural reforestation.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Is deforestation associated with global warming? Explain.",
          "ans": "Yes, because deforestation leads to increase in temperature and carbon dioxide which in turn affects global warming.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 22,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
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    ],
    "mcq": "ch7_mcq",
    "fib": "ch7_fib",
    "mtf": "ch7_mtf",
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch7_co",
    "un": "ch7_un",
    "map": "ch7_map",
    "vsaq": "ch7_vsaq",
    "dtf": "ch7_dtf",
    "snc": "ch7_snc",
    "laq": "ch7_laq",
    "tf": "ch7_tf",
    "nf": "ch7_nf",
    "pbq": "ch7_pbq",
    "ctt": "ch7_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch7_ctco",
    "saq": "ch7_saq",
    "cs": "ch7_cs",
    "afq": "ch7_afq",
    "afow": "ch7_afow",
    "grf": "ch7_grf",
    "gowf": "ch7_gowf",
    "jtf": "ch7_jtf",
    "yn": "ch7_yn"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch8",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 8 - Cell-Structure and Functions",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Choose the correct statement with respect to unicellular organisms.",
          "ans": "(c) Unicellular organisms respire and reproduce.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) In unicellular organisms, tissues work in co-ordination to perform different functions.",
            "(b) Unicellular organisms do not require food.",
            "(c) Unicellular organisms respire and reproduce.",
            "(d) All unicellular organisms move by cilia."
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Majority of cells cannot be seen directly with our naked eyes because",
          "ans": "(b) cells are microscopic",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) organisms are generally unicellular",
            "(b) cells are microscopic",
            "(c) cells are present only inside the body",
            "(d) cells are grouped into tissues"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Read the different combinations of the terms given below. <br>The correct combination of terms with reference to an animal cell is _______________.",
          "ans": "(c) cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosome, chromosome",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, plastid",
            "(b) cell wall, nucleus, ribosome, chromosome",
            "(c) cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosome, chromosome",
            "(d) cell membrane, ribosome, mitochondria, chloroplast"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following terms is not a part of the nucleus?",
          "ans": "(a) Ribosome",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Ribosome",
            "(b) Chromosome",
            "(c) Nucleolus",
            "(d) Gene"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A suitable term for the various components of cells is",
          "ans": "(c) cell organelles",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) tissue",
            "(b) chromosomes",
            "(c) cell organelles",
            "(d) genes"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The jelly-like fluid substance present in cells is called",
          "ans": "(d) cytoplasm",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) protoplasm",
            "(b) chloroplast",
            "(c) chromosome",
            "(d) cytoplasm"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Read the following pairs of examples of organisms. <br>The pair that belongs to the group prokaryotes is _______________.",
          "ans": "(b) bacteria and blue-green alga",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) moss and sponge",
            "(b) bacteria and blue-green alga",
            "(c) yeast and amoeba",
            "(d) penicillium and spirogyra"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Read the following terms and select the pair that is related to inheritance of characters.",
          "ans": "(d) chromosome and genes",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) cell wall and cell membrane",
            "(b) chromosome and mitochondria",
            "(c) chloroplast and cell membrane",
            "(d) chromosome and genes"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Choose the correct statement.",
          "ans": "(a) Genes are located in the chromosomes.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Genes are located in the chromosomes.",
            "(b) Cell is located in the nucleus.",
            "(c) Chromosomes are located in the nucleolus.",
            "(d) Cell membrane surrounds the nucleus."
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Green colour of leaves is due to presence of the pigment _______________.",
          "ans": "(a) chlorophyll",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) chlorophyll",
            "(b) mitochondria",
            "(c) ribosomes",
            "(d) chloroplast"
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The unit of measurement used for expressing dimension (size) of cells is",
          "ans": "(b) micrometre",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) centimetre",
            "(b) micrometre",
            "(c) millimetre",
            "(d) metre"
          ],
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The most important function of cell membrane is that it",
          "ans": "(a) controls the entry and exit of materials from cells.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) controls the entry and exit of materials from cells.",
            "(b) controls only the entry of materials into cells.",
            "(c) controls only the exit of materials from cells.",
            "(d) allows entry and exit of materials without any control."
          ],
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Paheli accidentally placed her hand over a flame and immediately pulled it back. She felt the sensation of heat and reacted due to the action of",
          "ans": "(b) nerve cells",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) blood cells",
            "(b) nerve cells",
            "(c) skin surface",
            "(d) nucleus of cells"
          ],
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Of the following parts of a cell, name the part that is common to plant cell, animal cell and a bacterial cell.",
          "ans": "(b) Cell membrane",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Chloroplast",
            "(b) Cell membrane",
            "(c) Cell wall",
            "(d) Nucleus"
          ],
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The thread-like structures present in the nucleus are",
          "ans": "MBD",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) nucleolus",
            "(b) genes",
            "(c) chromosomes",
            "(d) ribosomes"
          ],
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Identify the statement which is true for cells.",
          "ans": "(c) A single cell can perform all the functions in a unicellular organism.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Cells can be easily seen with naked eyes.",
            "(b) Insect’s egg is not a cell.",
            "(c) A single cell can perform all the functions in a unicellular organism.",
            "(d) The size and shape of cells is uniform in multicellular organisms."
          ],
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is not a cell?",
          "ans": "(d) Virus",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Red Blood Corpuscle (RBC)",
            "(b) Bacterium",
            "(c) Spermatozoa",
            "(d) Virus"
          ],
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following feature will help you in distinguishing a plant cell from an animal cell?",
          "ans": "(a) Cell wall",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Cell wall",
            "(b) Mitochondria",
            "(c) Cell membrane",
            "(d) Nucleus"
          ],
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Under a microscope, Paheli observes a cell that has a cell wall but no distinct nucleus. The cell that she observes is",
          "ans": "(d) a bacterial cell",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) a plant cell",
            "(b) a nerve cell",
            "(c) an animal cell",
            "(d) a bacterial cell"
          ],
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Cheek cells do not have _______________.",
          "ans": "(d) plastids",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) cell membrane",
            "(b) golgi apparatus",
            "(c) nucleus",
            "(d) plastids"
          ],
          "val": 20
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Identify the correct statement.",
          "ans": "(d) Prokaryotes do not have nucleus.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Tissue is a group of dissimilar cells.",
            "(b) An organ consists of similar cells.",
            "(c) Vacuoles are not found in plant cells.",
            "(d) Prokaryotes do not have nucleus."
          ],
          "val": 21
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following statements are true for eukaryotic cells? <br>(i) They do not have a nuclear membrane. &emsp;&emsp;&emsp; (ii) They have a well-organised nucleus. <br>(iii) They have a nuclear membrane. &emsp;&emsp;&emsp; (iv) Blue-green algae are eukaryotic cells.",
          "ans": "(b) (ii) and (iii)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (ii) and (iv)",
            "(b) (ii) and (iii)",
            "(c) (i) and (ii)",
            "(d) (i) and (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 22
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Identify the correct statement about cells.",
          "ans": "(c) Cells of a tissue have similar structure.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) All the cells have nucleus.",
            "(b) Cells of an organ have similar structure.",
            "(c) Cells of a tissue have similar structure.",
            "(d) Shape of all types of cells is round."
          ],
          "val": 23
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ observed the cell for the first time in 1665.",
          "ans": "Robert Hooke",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ observed that the cells in the cork were dead cells.",
          "ans": "Robert Hooke",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Organisms with more than one cell are known as _______________ organisms.",
          "ans": "multicellular",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is an example of unicellular organism.",
          "ans": "Amoeba",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Cytoplasm and nucleus are enclosed with _______________.",
          "ans": "membrane",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The cell membrane of onion cell is covered by another thick layer known as _______________.",
          "ans": "cell wall",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is present between cell membrane and nucleus.",
          "ans": "Cytoplasm",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Thread-like structure in the nucleus is known as _______________, which carries genes.",
          "ans": "chromosome",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is called living substance of the cell.",
          "ans": "Nucleus",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Match the Following.",
          "qus": "Match the terms given in Column I with their functions given in Column II:",
          "ans": "1. (c),  2. (d), 3. (b),  4. (a)",
          "code": "MTF",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [
            {
              "image": "Column I",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Chloroplast",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Cell membrane",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Nucleus",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Chromosome",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option2": [
            {
              "image": "Column II",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) Carries hereditary characters.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) Controls the activities of cell.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) Site of photosynthesis.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(d) Controls the movement of materials into and out of cells.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the similarity between White Blood Cell (WBC) and amoeba?",
          "ans": "They both are of microscopic sizes and unicellular organisms.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give one differentiating point between amoeba and white blood cell.",
          "ans": "Amoeba can exist independently, while WBC cannot exist independently.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe the variety of cells on the basis of their shape. Support your answer with sketches and examples.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch8a3.jpg",
            "width": "600",
            "height": "290"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Differentiate between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Prokaryotes",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "The organisms which may contain cell/cells having nuclear material without nuclear membrane are called prokaryotes. <br>Example: Blue green algae",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Eukaryotes",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "The organisms which have well organised nucleus with a nuclear membrane are eukaryotes. <br>Example: Plant & animal cell.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is a tissue?",
          "ans": "A tissue is a group of similar cells performing a specific function.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Differentiate between cells and tissues.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Cell",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• Cells are basic structural unit of life.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• They are single celled.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Tissues",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• They are group of similar cells.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "• They are made up of many cells.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the three basic components of a cell?",
          "ans": "The three basic components of a cell are cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List the three important functions of plasma membrane.",
          "ans": "<ul><li>It regulates entry and exit of cell. </li><li>It regulates the molecular traffic in the cell. </li><li>Proteins present in plasma membrane acts as pumps, receptors, channels enzymes. </li></ul>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is cytoplasm? Name the organelles present in the cytoplasm.",
          "ans": "Cytoplasm is a jelly like substance present between cell membrane and the nucleus. The organelles present in cytoplasm are mitochondria, ribosomes, golgi bodies etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe the structure of nucleus in brief.",
          "ans": "Nucleus controls various activities of cell. it contains chromosomes which carry genes. Genes are the unit of inheritance, which transfer the characteristics from one generation to other generation.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Mention the important functions of the nucleus.",
          "ans": "Nucleus controls various activities of cell. It contains chromosomes which carry genes. Genes are unit of in heritance, which transfer the characteristics from one generation to other generation.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are genes? Where are they located in a cell?",
          "ans": "Genes are unit of inheritance in living organisms. It controls the transfer of heredity characteristics from parents to springs. They are located in nucleus of the cells, which contains hair like structures called chromosomes.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you understand by the term ‘protoplasm’?",
          "ans": "Protoplasm is a living substance. The entire content of living cell including the cytoplasm and the nucleus is known as protoplasm.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are chloroplasts? Give its important functions.",
          "ans": "Chloroplasts are present in plants which secrete chlorophyll in it. It is important to carry out photosynthesis in plants.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give the function of pseudopodia found in amoeba.",
          "ans": "Pseudopodia are finger like projection which extends to take the food molecule in the food vacuole.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Draw a labelled diagram of plant cell.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch8a16.jpg",
            "width": "422",
            "height": "253"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Draw a labelled diagram of animal cell.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch8a17.jpg",
            "width": "422",
            "height": "253"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Differentiate between plant cell and animal cell.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Plant cell",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Cell wall is present.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Chloroplast is present.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. It has no centrosome.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Vacuoles are large or may be single and large as in an onion cell.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Animal cell",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Cell wall is absent.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Chloroplast is absent.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Centrosome is present near.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Vacuoles are much smaller as in cheek cells.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Does it represent a plant cell or an animal cell?",
          "ans": "It represents animal cell.",
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch8p1.jpg",
            "width": "201",
            "height": "264"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Does it represent a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryotic cell?",
          "ans": "Eukaryotic cells.",
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch8p2.jpg",
            "width": "201",
            "height": "264"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Does it represent a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryotic cell?",
          "ans": "Eukaryotic cells.",
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch8p3.jpg",
            "width": "287",
            "height": "350"
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          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch8p3a.jpg",
            "width": "380",
            "height": "350"
          },
          "val": 3
        }
      ],
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    ],
    "mcq": "ch8_mcq",
    "fib": "ch8_fib",
    "mtf": "ch8_mtf",
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch8_co",
    "un": "ch8_un",
    "map": "ch8_map",
    "vsaq": "ch8_vsaq",
    "dtf": "ch8_dtf",
    "snc": "ch8_snc",
    "laq": "ch8_laq",
    "tf": "ch8_tf",
    "nf": "ch8_nf",
    "pbq": "ch8_pbq",
    "ctt": "ch8_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch8_ctco",
    "saq": "ch8_saq",
    "cs": "ch8_cs",
    "afq": "ch8_afq",
    "afow": "ch8_afow",
    "grf": "ch8_grf",
    "gowf": "ch8_gowf",
    "jtf": "ch8_jtf",
    "yn": "ch8_yn"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch9",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 9 - Reproduction in Animals",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Sets of reproductive terms are given below. Choose the set that has an incorrect combination.",
          "ans": "(c) sperm, oviduct, egg, uterus",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) sperm, testis, sperm duct, penis",
            "(b) menstruation, egg, oviduct, uterus",
            "(c) sperm, oviduct, egg, uterus",
            "(d) ovulation, egg, oviduct, uterus"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In humans, the development of fertilised egg takes place in the",
          "ans": "(d) uterus",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) ovary",
            "(b) oviduct",
            "(c) testis",
            "(d) uterus"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In the list of animals given below, hen is the odd one out. <br>human being, &emsp;&emsp;&emsp; cow, &emsp;&emsp;&emsp; dog, &emsp;&emsp;&emsp; hen <br>The reason for this is",
          "ans": "(b) it is oviparous.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) it undergoes internal fertilisation.",
            "(b) it is oviparous.",
            "(c) it is viviparous.",
            "(d) it undergoes external fertilisation."
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Animals exhibiting external fertilisation produce a large number of gametes. Pick the appropriate reason from the following.",
          "ans": "(c) To ensure better chance of fertilisation.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) The animals are small in size and want to produce more offspring.",
            "(b) Food is available in plenty in water.",
            "(c) To ensure better chance of fertilisation.",
            "(d) Water promotes production of large number of gametes."
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Reproduction by budding takes place in",
          "ans": "(a) Hydra",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Hydra",
            "(b) Paramecium",
            "(c) Amoeba",
            "(d) Bacteria"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following statements about reproduction in humans is correct?",
          "ans": "(d) Fertilisation takes place in the human female.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Fertilisation takes place externally.",
            "(b) Fertilisation takes place in the testes.",
            "(c) During fertilisation egg moves towards the sperm.",
            "(d) Fertilisation takes place in the human female."
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In human beings, after fertilisation, the structure which gets embedded in the wall of uterus is",
          "ans": "(c) embryo",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) ovum",
            "(b) foetus",
            "(c) embryo",
            "(d) zygote"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Aquatic animals in which fertilisation occurs in water are said to be",
          "ans": "(b) oviparous with external fertilisation",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) viviparous without fertilisation",
            "(b) oviparous with external fertilisation",
            "(c) viviparous with internal fertilisation",
            "(d) oviparous with internal fertilisation"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "After fertilisation, the resulting cell which gives rise to a new individual is the",
          "ans": "(d) zygote",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) embryo",
            "(b) foetus",
            "(c) ovum",
            "(d) zygote"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In human beings, the correct sequence of events during reproduction is",
          "ans": "(a) gamete formation, fertilisation, zygote, embryo",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) gamete formation, fertilisation, zygote, embryo",
            "(b) embryo, zygote, fertilisation, gamete formation",
            "(c) fertilisation, gamete formation, embryo, zygote",
            "(d) gamete formation, fertilisation, embryo, zygote"
          ],
          "val": 10
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tExternal fertilisation can occur both in water and on land.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe eggs of fish are covered by hard shells for protection.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tHuman egg has a head, middle piece and tail.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn adult human females, a single mature egg is released into an oviduct every month.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Reproduction is essential for the _______________ of a species.",
          "ans": "continuation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is the young one of butterfly.",
          "ans": "Larva",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The young ones of a cow are known as _______________.",
          "ans": "calf",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Reproduction beginning from the fusion of male and female gametes is called _______________.",
          "ans": "sexual reproduction",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The _______________ produce the male gametes called _______________.",
          "ans": "testis, sperms",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In female reproductive system, ______________ produces female gametes called _______________.",
          "ans": "ovary, ova",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Fusion of the egg and the sperm is called _______________.",
          "ans": "zygote",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In human beings, a single mature egg is released into the _______________ by one of the ovaries every month.",
          "ans": "oviduct",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "During fertilisation, the nuclei of the sperm and the egg fuse to form a _______________ nucleus.",
          "ans": "single",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The stage of embryo in which all the body parts can be identified is called _______________.",
          "ans": "foetus",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Animals which lay eggs are called _______________.",
          "ans": "oviparous",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Individuals formed from the bulges are known as _______________.",
          "ans": "buds",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is a type of asexual reproduction in which new individuals develop from the buds.",
          "ans": "Budding",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Type of asexual reproduction in which an animal reproduces by dividing into two individuals is called _______________.",
          "ans": "fission",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ was the first mammal to be cloned.",
          "ans": "Sheep",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why do living organisms reproduce?",
          "ans": "Living organisms reproduce for producing young ones of the same species and for continuation of their species.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the modes of reproduction in animals?",
          "ans": "Animals have two modes of reproduction. <ol><li>Sexual reproduction– The type of reproduction beginning from the fusion of male and female gametes. </li><li>2. A sexual reproduction– The type of reproduction in which only single parent is involved.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the male reproductive organs in human beings.",
          "ans": "Sperm duct, Testis and penis are male reproductive organs in human beings.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "With a labelled diagram, describe the structure of a human sperm. What purpose does the tail in a sperm serve?",
          "ans": "Tail helps the sperms to reach to the egg faster and travel more distance in fallopian tubes.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch9a4.jpg",
            "width": "440",
            "height": "300"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the female reproductive organs in human beings.",
          "ans": "Ovaries, oviduct (fallopian tubes), uterus.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain the process of fertilisation in human beings.",
          "ans": "The fusion of a sperm with an egg is called fertilisation. During fertilisation, the nuclei of the sperm and the egg fuse to form a single unclear. This results in formation of a fertilised egg called zygote.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the two types of fertilisation. Give examples of each.",
          "ans": "<ol><li>Internal fertilisation– Fertilisation which takes place in humans, dogs, cows, birds etc. </li><li>External fertilisation– Fertilisation which takes place in aquatic animals such as fish.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write a short note on in-vitro fertilisation.",
          "ans": "The fertilisation of an egg that takes place outside the body in a test tube or in any other apparatus in known as IVF or invitro fertilisation.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why do animals like fish and frog produce eggs and sperms in large numbers?",
          "ans": "Because the eggs and sperms get exposed to water movement, wind and rain fall. Also, there are other animals which may feed on eggs. Thus, production of large number of eggs and sperms is necessary to ensure fertilisation of few of them.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Discuss test-tube babies.",
          "ans": "In this technique freshly released egg and sperms are put together for a few hours of IVF. Incase fertilisation occurs, the zygote is allowed to develop for about a week and then placed in uterus of mother complete development takes place in uterus.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe briefly the developmental stages found in embryo of human beings.",
          "ans": "<ol><li>Embryo– The stage, when cells produced by division of zygote begin to form groups that develop into different tissues and organs of body is termed as an embryo. </li><li>Foetus– The stage of embryo in which all body parts can be identified.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe briefly the post-fertlisation development found in hen till the birth of chicks.",
          "ans": "After internal fertilisation in hen inside the body the fertilised egg or zygote divides repeatedly to form embryo which travel down the oviduct.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "With the help of a flow chart, mention the different stages in the life cycle of <br>(i) Frog: <br>(ii) Silk moth:",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch9a13.jpg",
            "width": "650",
            "height": "240"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Human beings do not undergo metamorphosis. Comment.",
          "ans": "Human beings do not undergo metamorphosis because body parts similar to these present in adults are present from the time of birth.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Discuss the process of budding in hydra.",
          "ans": "In hydra, reproduction takes place by budding. A part of organisms start bulging out slowly it grows and develops into a separate individual.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "With the help of a diagram, explain the process of binary fission in amoeba.",
          "ans": "The nucleus of mother cells starts to develop into two parts. After that it gets separated from each other and after complete development of nucleus the mother cells produce two daughter cells.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch9a16.jpg",
            "width": "290",
            "height": "180"
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Observe the figure and answer the questions that follow. <br>(a) Label A and B. <br>(b) Identify the process. <br>(c) What happens during this process and what is formed?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch9p1.jpg",
            "width": "316",
            "height": "265"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch9p1a.jpg",
            "width": "380",
            "height": "265"
          },
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "After observing the given figure answer the following. <br>(a) Read the following statements and label them in the figure: <ul><li>The part which produces female gametes. </li><li>The part where development of the baby takes place. </li><li>The part through which the developing embryo passes to reach the uterus.</li></ul> <br>(b) Explain the future development of the embryo that would take place after it gets embedded in the uterus.",
          "ans": "(a)<ul><li>Overy </li><li>uterus </li><li>fallopian tubes </li></ul> (b) Embryo gets converted to foetus. After complete development of foetus in few weeks the mother gives birth to baby.",
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch9p2.jpg",
            "width": "293",
            "height": "206"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch9p2a.jpg",
            "width": "410",
            "height": "230"
          },
          "val": 2
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "mcq": "ch9_mcq",
    "fib": "ch9_fib",
    "mtf": "ch9_mtf",
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch9_co",
    "un": "ch9_un",
    "map": "ch9_map",
    "vsaq": "ch9_vsaq",
    "dtf": "ch9_dtf",
    "snc": "ch9_snc",
    "laq": "ch9_laq",
    "tf": "ch9_tf",
    "nf": "ch9_nf",
    "pbq": "ch9_pbq",
    "ctt": "ch9_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch9_ctco",
    "saq": "ch9_saq",
    "cs": "ch9_cs",
    "afq": "ch9_afq",
    "afow": "ch9_afow",
    "grf": "ch9_grf",
    "gowf": "ch9_gowf",
    "jtf": "ch9_jtf",
    "yn": "ch9_yn"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch10",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 10 - Reaching the Age of Adolescence",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The belief that the mother is completely responsible for the sex of the child is wrong because the child",
          "ans": "(d) gets sex chromosome only from the father.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) gets sex chromosome only from the mother.",
            "(b) develops in the body of the mother.",
            "(c) gets one sex chromosome from the mother and the other from the father.",
            "(d) gets sex chromosome only from the father."
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "AIDS can spread from an infected person to another person through",
          "ans": "(b) sharing comb",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) sharing food",
            "(b) sharing comb",
            "(c) blood transfusion",
            "(d) a mosquito bite"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Given below are events that lead to pregnancy and development of embryo. <br>(i) Fertilisation of egg <br>(ii) Maturation of egg <br>(iii) Release of egg <br>(iv) Embedding of embryo in thickened uterine wall. <br>Which of the following options gives the correct order of sequence in which they occur?",
          "ans": "(d) ii, iii, i, iv",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) i, ii, iii, iv",
            "(b) ii, i, iii, iv",
            "(c) i, iv, ii, iii",
            "(d) ii, iii, i, iv"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "For the metamorphosis of tadpoles which of the following elements must be available in water?",
          "ans": "(c) Carbon",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Chlorine",
            "(b) Sulphur",
            "(c) Carbon",
            "(d) Iodine"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The most conspicuous visible change that occurs in boys during puberty is",
          "ans": "(b) increase in height.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) development in voice box.",
            "(b) increase in height.",
            "(c) production of sperms.",
            "(d) increased sweating."
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Structures present in a cell which is responsible for determination of the sex of a baby is",
          "ans": "(d) chromosome",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) cytoplasm",
            "(b) nucleus",
            "(c) cell membrane",
            "(d) chromosome"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Iodine is present in the secretion of",
          "ans": "(a) adrenal",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) adrenal",
            "(b) thyroid",
            "(c) pancreas",
            "(d) pituitary"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "AIDS virus cannot be transmitted by",
          "ans": "(c) Hugging",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Sharing the syringes used by the infected person.",
            "(b) Milk to the infant from the infected person.",
            "(c) Hugging",
            "(d) Sexual contact with the infected person."
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is incorrect about adrenal glands?",
          "ans": "(c) It is under the control of pituitary gland.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) It secretes hormones which maintain the correct salt balance in the blood.",
            "(b) It secretes hormones which maintain the sugar balance in the blood.",
            "(c) It is under the control of pituitary gland.",
            "(d) It helps the blood to adjust to stress."
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following changes at puberty is incorrect?",
          "ans": "(d) Boys develop large voice box.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) In boys, the muscles of the body grow prominently than in girls.",
            "(b) Initially, boys grow faster than girls.",
            "(c) Girls have a high-pitched voice.",
            "(d) Boys develop large voice box."
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "All human beings have",
          "ans": "(a) 23 pairs of chromosomes",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 23 pairs of chromosomes",
            "(b) 22 pairs of chromosomes",
            "(c) XX sex chromosomes",
            "(d) None of these"
          ],
          "val": 11
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is the period of life, when the body undergoes changes, leading to reproductive maturity.",
          "ans": "Adolescence",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ ends when an adolescent reaches reproductive maturity.",
          "ans": "Puberty",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The most conspicuous change during puberty is the sudden increase in _______________.",
          "ans": "height",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Generally, girls have a _______________ voice whereas boys have a _______________ voice.",
          "ans": "shrill, deep",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "During puberty the secretion of _______________ glands and _______________ glands increases.",
          "ans": "pituitary, adrenal",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Adolescence is often the time in one’s life when the brain has the greatest capacity for _______________.",
          "ans": "memory",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Features which help to distinguish male from the females are known as _______________.",
          "ans": "sex differences",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ controls the changes which occur at adolescence.",
          "ans": "Puberty",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Hormones from _______________ stimulate the release of testosterone and estrogen.",
          "ans": "reproductive organs",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Endocrine glands release hormones into the blood stream to reach a particular part called _______________.",
          "ans": "Target site",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Menstruation occurs once in about _______________ days.",
          "ans": "28-30",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The first menstrual flow begins at puberty and is known as _______________.",
          "ans": "menarche",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The thread-like structure which carries the information is called as _______________.",
          "ans": "chromosome",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "X and Y chromosomes are known as _______________.",
          "ans": "autosomes",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In human beings, there are _______________ pairs of chromosomes.",
          "ans": "23",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A female has _______________ chromosomes while male has _______________ chromosomes.",
          "ans": "X, Y",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is an endocrine gland which is attached to the brain.",
          "ans": "Pituitary gland",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Goitre is a disease which occurs in _______________.",
          "ans": "thyroid",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Thyroid gland produces _______________ hormone.",
          "ans": "thyroxine",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ hormones helps the body to adjust stress.",
          "ans": "Adrenaline",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 20
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which age group is referred to as adolescent?",
          "ans": "The age group from 13 to 19 years is referred as adolescent.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by puberty?",
          "ans": "The period of adolescence during which a adolescent reaches sexual maturity and becomes able to have children.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List the important changes that take place at puberty.",
          "ans": "Physical growth in body, i.e. increase in height, body, change in voice, growth of reproductive organs etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why do some adolescent boys have a hoarse voice?",
          "ans": "Adolescent boys have a hoarse voice because, under the influence of testosterone hormones larynx grows prominently. Vocal cords become longer and thicker, causing the voice to become Hoarse.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by Adam’s apple?",
          "ans": "A projection of the front of neck formed by thyroid cartilage of larynx, often prominent in men.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe the development of sex organs that take place at puberty.",
          "ans": "Ovaries in female and testes in made produces a range of hormones that stimulate growth and change in various parts of body like breasts, skin, muscles, bones, hair and brain.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List the secondary sexual characters that develop in boys.",
          "ans": "The secondary sexual characters that develops in boys are moustaches, beard on face and they develop hair on their chest.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain the role of hormones in initiating changes at the onset of puberty.",
          "ans": "The male hormone testosterone is secreted by testes at onset of puberty and cause development of facial, hair, chest hair etc. At onset of puberty in girls, ovaries secrete female hormone estrogen which makes the breast develop. Their secretion is under the pituitary endocrine gland.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you understand by the terms ‘menarche’ and ‘menopause’?",
          "ans": "<b>Menarche:</b> The first menstrual flow which begins at puberty is known as menarche. <br><b>Menopause:</b> At 45-50 years of age, the menstruation cycle stops stoppage of menstruation is called menopause.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain the process of menstruation in females.",
          "ans": "The uterine wall in females prepares itself to receive the developing fertilised egg. Incase there is no fertilisation the thickened lining of uterine wall breaks down and goes out along with blood. This bleeding is called menstruation.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Mention the various stages involved in menstrual cycle.",
          "ans": "There are four stages involved in menstrual cycle are: <ol><li>follicular phase </li><li>ovulation </li><li>luteal phase</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How is the sex determined in human beings?",
          "ans": "Sex determination is done on basis of X and Y chromosomes which fertilises the egg X chromosome fertilises egg and develops into female child Y chromosome fertilizes with egg and develops into male child.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are endocrine glands? Name the various endocrine glands present in human body.",
          "ans": "Endocrine glands are glands which secrete different hormones. Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the cause of the following disorders? <br>(i) Goitre: _______________________________________________________________________________ <br>(ii) Diabetes: _____________________________________________________________________________",
          "ans": "Goitre: Thyroid gland produces the hormone thyroxine which causes goitre. <br>Diabetes: Insufficient production of insulin hormone in body causes diabetes.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain the role of pituitary gland as an endocrine gland.",
          "ans": "Pituitary glands secret many hormones such as growth hormone and hormones that make other gland such as testes, ovaries, thyroids and adrenals.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Mention the two important functions of the hormones secreted by the adrenals.",
          "ans": "<b>Pancreas:</b> Produce insulin hormone which is capable of causing diabetes. <br><b>Adrenal:</b> Produce adrenaline hormone which adjusts the stress level of body.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the nutritional needs of an adolescent?",
          "ans": "Nutritional needs of adolescent is balanced diet which includes proper amount of proteins, fats, vitamins, carbohydrates, milk, leafy vegetables, jaggery, meat, citrus, amla etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write a short note on AIDS.",
          "ans": "AIDS– Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. It is caused by HIV virus. This decreases the immunity of body and makes body week. This diseases is mainly transported by sexual contact.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List three myths to human reproduction.",
          "ans": "<ol><li>A girl becomes pregnant if she looks at boys during menstruation. </li><li>Mother is responsible for sex of child. <br>A girl should not be allowed to mark in kitchen during menstruation.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "‘Say, No To Drugs’. Comment on this advice.",
          "ans": "Drugs are addictive. If you take them once, you feel like taking them again and again. They harm the body in long run. They ruin health and happiness.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Fill the blank circles in the figure and identify the sex of child A and B.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch10p1.jpg",
            "width": "280",
            "height": "210"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10p1a.jpg",
            "width": "280",
            "height": "210"
          },
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "In the given figure, mark the positions of the endocrine glands which release the hormones that <br>(a) controls the release of sex hormones. <br>(b) is responsible for the secondary sexual characters in boys. <br>(c) prevents diabetes. <br>(d) maintains the correct salt balance in the blood.",
          "ans": "(a) Pituitary gland <br>(b) Pituitary gland <br>(c) Pancreas <br>(d) Adrenal gland",
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch10p2.jpg",
            "width": "166",
            "height": "290"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10p2a.jpg",
            "width": "360",
            "height": "290"
          },
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Observe the chart and graph given in the figure carefully and answer the following questions. <br>(a) controls the release of sex hormones. <br>(b) is responsible for the secondary sexual characters in boys. <br>(c) prevents diabetes. <br>(d) maintains the correct salt balance in the blood.",
          "ans": "",
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch10p3.jpg",
            "width": "166",
            "height": "290"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10p3a.jpg",
            "width": "428",
            "height": "134"
          },
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Use the clues to work out the words. <p><b>Across:</b> <br>&emsp;3. Protruding voice box in boys <br>&emsp;4. Glands without ducts <br>&emsp;7. Endocrine gland attached to the brain <br>&emsp;8. Secretion of endocrine glands <br>&emsp;9. Pancreatic hormone <br>&emsp;10. Female hormone</p><p><b>Down:</b> <br>&emsp;1. Male hormone <br>&emsp;2. Secretes thyroxine <br>&emsp;3. Another term for teenage <br>&emsp;5. Hormone reaches here through blood stream <br>&emsp;6. Voice box <br>&emsp;7. Term for changes at adolescence",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "PBQ",
          "option1": null,
          "option2": null,
          "option3": null,
          "aoption1": null,
          "aoption2": null,
          "aoption3": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch10p4.jpg",
            "width": "644",
            "height": "493"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch10p4a.jpg",
            "width": "644",
            "height": "493"
          },
          "val": 4
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
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      []
    ],
    "mcq": "ch10_mcq",
    "fib": "ch10_fib",
    "mtf": "ch10_mtf",
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch10_co",
    "un": "ch10_un",
    "map": "ch10_map",
    "vsaq": "ch10_vsaq",
    "dtf": "ch10_dtf",
    "snc": "ch10_snc",
    "laq": "ch10_laq",
    "tf": "ch10_tf",
    "nf": "ch10_nf",
    "pbq": "ch10_pbq",
    "ctt": "ch10_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch10_ctco",
    "saq": "ch10_saq",
    "cs": "ch10_cs",
    "afq": "ch10_afq",
    "afow": "ch10_afow",
    "grf": "ch10_grf",
    "gowf": "ch10_gowf",
    "jtf": "ch10_jtf",
    "yn": "ch10_yn"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch11",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 11 - Force and Pressure",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In the figure below, two boys A and B are shown applying force on a block. <br>If the block moves towards the right, which one of the following statements is correct?",
          "ans": "(a) Magnitude of force applied by A is greater than that of B.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Magnitude of force applied by A is greater than that of B.",
            "(b) Magnitude of force applied by A is smaller than that of B.",
            "(c) Net force on the block is towards A.",
            "(d) Magnitude of force applied by A is equal to that of B."
          ],
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch11m1.jpg",
            "width": "410",
            "height": "230"
          },
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In the circuit shown below, when the circuit is completed, the hammer strikes the gong. <br>Which of the following forces is responsible for the movement of hammer?",
          "ans": "(b) Magnetic force alone",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Gravitational force alone",
            "(b) Magnetic force alone",
            "(c) Electrostatic force alone",
            "(d) Frictional force alone"
          ],
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch11m2.jpg",
            "width": "200",
            "height": "260"
          },
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "During dry weather, while combing hair, sometimes we experience hair flying apart. The force responsible for this is",
          "ans": "(c) electrostatic force",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) force of gravity",
            "(b) force of friction",
            "(c) electrostatic force",
            "(d) magnetic force"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The figure shows a container filled with water. Which of the following statements is correct about pressure of water?",
          "ans": "(c) Pressure at A &lt; Pressure at B>Pressure at C",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Pressure at A &gt; Pressure at B &gt; Pressure at C",
            "(b) Pressure at A = Pressure at B = Pressure at C",
            "(c) Pressure at A &lt; Pressure at B &gt; Pressure at C",
            "(d) Pressure at A &lt; Pressure at B"
          ],
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch11m4.jpg",
            "width": "280",
            "height": "260"
          },
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Two objects repel each other. This repulsion could be due to",
          "ans": "(d) either a magnetic or an electrostatic force",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) frictional force only",
            "(b) electrostatic force only",
            "(c) magnetic force only",
            "(d) either a magnetic or an electrostatic force"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following forces is a contact force?",
          "ans": "(c) Force of friction",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Force of gravity",
            "(b) Magnetic force",
            "(c) Force of friction",
            "(d) Electrostatic force"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A water tank has four taps fixed at points A, B, C, D as shown in the figure. <br>The water will flow out at the same pressure from taps at",
          "ans": "(a) B and C",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) B and C",
            "(b) C and D",
            "(c) A and B",
            "(d) A and C"
          ],
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch11m7.jpg",
            "width": "250",
            "height": "240"
          },
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A brick is kept in three different ways on a table as shown in the figure. <br>The pressure exerted by the brick on the table will be",
          "ans": "(a) maximum in position A",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) maximum in position A",
            "(b) maximum in position C",
            "(c) maximum in position B",
            "(d) equal in all cases"
          ],
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch11m8.jpg",
            "width": "290",
            "height": "122"
          },
          "val": 8
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tBoth human beings and machines exert mechanical force to do work.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIt is essential for the agent applying a force on an object to be always in contact with it.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe gravitational force of attraction pulls the objects towards the earth.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tLiquids exert unequal pressure at the same depth.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tPressure is increased by spreading the force over a large area.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIf more than one force acts on an object, the effect on the object is due to the net force acting on it.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Forces applied on one object in the _______________ direction add to one another.",
          "ans": "same",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The strength of a force is usually expressed by its _______________.",
          "ans": "magnitude",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Contact force is also known as _______________.",
          "ans": "muscular force",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Pressure exerted by the water at the bottom of the container depends on the _______________ of the column.",
          "ans": "height",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The force of friction always acts on all the _______________ objects and its direction is always _______________ to the direction of motion.",
          "ans": "moving, opposite",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Straw rubbed with a sheet of paper acquires _______________.",
          "ans": "electrostatic force",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Every object on the earth exerts a force on every other object, which is known as _______________.",
          "ans": "gravitational force",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Atmospheric pressure is the _______________ of air in a column of unit area.",
          "ans": "pressure",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The envelop of air all around us is known as the _______________.",
          "ans": "atmosphere",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "When a rubber ball is compressed, what is the effect produced by applied force?",
          "ans": "It will change shape and size of ball and when we leave the ball it will come in its original force.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give two examples from everyday life where the force of push is applied and write its effect.",
          "ans": "<ol><li>To move table from one place to other. </li><li>To push the door to open it.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "When does a force come into play?",
          "ans": "At least two objects must interact for a force to come into play. Thus, an interaction of one object with another results in force.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In a game of tug of war, the rope does not move in any direction. What do you infer from this?",
          "ans": "In this game, if rope does not move in any direction that means the force applied from both sides is equal.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give two examples of situation in which the application of force does not result in a change in its state of motion.",
          "ans": "<ol><li>Pushing a wall will not result in change of its motion. </li><li>It force is applied on box from both the sides, the box will not move.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What happens to the speed of a cart when a horse applies more force?",
          "ans": "The speed of cart increases with increase in force of horse on it.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "State the effects that a force can produce.",
          "ans": "<ol><li>Speed of a moving body </li><li>Direction of motion of body </li><li>Shape of a body. </li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by contact forces? Give two examples of it.",
          "ans": "Force that can be applied only when it is in contact with an object is called contact force. Example: <ol><li>Muscular force applied on an object </li><li>Friction</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by non-contact forces? Give two examples of it.",
          "ans": "The force exerted on an object without touching is known as non-contact force. Example: <ol><li>Force exerted by magnet on piece of iron. </li><li>Electrostatic force. Force exerted by a charged body on another charged or uncharged body.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give two examples of the following: <br>&emsp;(i) Gravitational force <br>&emsp;(ii) Muscular force <br>&emsp;(iii) Frictional force <br>&emsp;(iv) Magnetic force",
          "ans": "(i) Gravitational force: The attractive force which acts upon all the objects and attracts each object towards ground is called gravitational force. <br>(ii) Muscular force: The force resulting due to action of muscle is known as muscular force. <br>(iii) Frictional force: The force responsible for changing the state of motion is called frictional force. <br>(iv) Magnetic force: The force exerted on an object without touching it, ex: force exerted by magnet on piece of iron is called magnetic force.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain why the soles of shoes get worn out?",
          "ans": "The soles of shoes get warm out due to friction between soles and surface of ground on which person is walking.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define Pressure.",
          "ans": "The force acting on a unit area of a surface is called pressure.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe an activity to show that air exerts pressure in all directions.",
          "ans": "Take a glass jar an balloon, keep the unblowed balloon in glass jar. None blow air in balloon, what you observe balloon changes its shape evenly from all directions.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "When is the pressure on the ground more, when a man is lying on the ground or when a man is standing? Explain.",
          "ans": "The pressure on ground is more when a man is standing, because the weight of whole body is at one place in ground, while if a man is lying on ground the pressure on ground gets divided.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain why we are not crushed by atmospheric pressure.",
          "ans": "Because the pressure inside our bodies is also equal to atmospheric pressure & balances the pressure from outside.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "When you drink through a straw, what forces the liquid upwards?",
          "ans": "The pressure applied by mouth on straw to suck liquid forces the liquid upwards.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "It is difficult to cut cloth using a pair of scissors with blunt blades. Explain.",
          "ans": "Because, the cloth is hard and it requires something to cut it into pieces as the molecules in cloth are tightly bound to each other.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Two rods of the same weight and equal length have different thickness. They are held vertically on the surface of sand as shown in the figure. Which one of them will sink more? Why?",
          "ans": "A will sink move because its weight is heavy so it will go in sand quickly as compared to B",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch11a18.jpg",
            "width": "320",
            "height": "200"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
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      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
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      [],
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      [],
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      [],
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    ],
    "mcq": "ch11_mcq",
    "fib": "ch11_fib",
    "mtf": "ch11_mtf",
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch11_co",
    "un": "ch11_un",
    "map": "ch11_map",
    "vsaq": "ch11_vsaq",
    "dtf": "ch11_dtf",
    "snc": "ch11_snc",
    "laq": "ch11_laq",
    "tf": "ch11_tf",
    "nf": "ch11_nf",
    "pbq": "ch11_pbq",
    "ctt": "ch11_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch11_ctco",
    "saq": "ch11_saq",
    "cs": "ch11_cs",
    "afq": "ch11_afq",
    "afow": "ch11_afow",
    "grf": "ch11_grf",
    "gowf": "ch11_gowf",
    "jtf": "ch11_jtf",
    "yn": "ch11_yn"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch12",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 12 - Friction",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Whenever the surfaces in contact tend to move or move with respect to each other, the force of friction comes into play.",
          "ans": "(d) irrespective of whether the objects are solid, liquid or gaseous.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) only if the objects are solid.",
            "(b) only if one of the two objects is liquid.",
            "(c) only if one of the two objects is gaseous.",
            "(d) irrespective of whether the objects are solid, liquid or gaseous."
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The force of friction will act on the box",
          "ans": "(c) from left to right (→)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) from right to left (←)",
            "(b) vertically downwards (↓)",
            "(c) from left to right (→)",
            "(d) vertically upwards (↑)"
          ],
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch12m2.jpg",
            "width": "300",
            "height": "190"
          },
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "To sharpen the blade of a knife by rubbing it against a surface, which of the following will be most suitable?",
          "ans": "(a) stone",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) stone",
            "(b) wooden block",
            "(c) plastic block",
            "(d) glass block"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A toy car released with the same initial speed will travel farthest on",
          "ans": "(c) polished marble surface",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) muddy surface",
            "(b) cemented surface",
            "(c) polished marble surface",
            "(d) brick surface"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "If we apply oil on door hinges, the friction will",
          "ans": "(c) decrease",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) increase",
            "(b) disappear altogether",
            "(c) decrease",
            "(d) will remain unchanged"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following statements is incorrect?",
          "ans": "(d) Friction does not act on a ball moving through air.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Friction acts on a ball rolling along the ground.",
            "(b) Friction acts on a boat moving on water.",
            "(c) Friction acts on a bicycle moving on a smooth road.",
            "(d) Friction does not act on a ball moving through air."
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A boy rolls a rubber ball on a wooden surface. The ball travels a short distance before coming to rest. To make the same ball travel a longer distance before coming to rest, he may",
          "ans": "(c) sprinkle talcum powder on the wooden surface.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) spread a carpet on the wooden surface.",
            "(b) cover the ball with a piece of cloth.",
            "(c) sprinkle talcum powder on the wooden surface.",
            "(d) sprinkle sand on the wooden surface."
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In a large commercial complex there are four ways to reach the main road. One of the path has loose soil, the second is laid with polished marble, the third is laid with bricks and the fourth has gravel surface. It is raining heavily and Sam wishes to reach the main road. The path on which he is least likely to slip is",
          "ans": "(b) bricks",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) loose soil",
            "(b) bricks",
            "(c) polished marble",
            "(d) gravel"
          ],
          "val": 8
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The force of friction always _______________ the applied force.",
          "ans": "opposes",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Friction is caused by the _______________ on the two surfaces in contact.",
          "ans": "irregularities",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The force of friction is greater if a _______________ surface is involved.",
          "ans": "rough",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The force required to overcome friction at the instant, an object starts moving from rest is a measure of _______________.",
          "ans": "static friction",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The reading on the scale of a spring balance gives the _______________ of the force.",
          "ans": "magnitude",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "By using brake pads, we deliberately _______________ the friction.",
          "ans": "increase",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ are the substances which reduce the friction.",
          "ans": "Lubricants",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is used between moving parts to reduce the friction.",
          "ans": "Grease",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Mention the three factors on which friction for a pair of surfaces depends.",
          "ans": "<ul><li>Friction depends on nature of surfaces in contact </li><li>Friction is more in rough surfaces and less in smooth surfaces. </li><li>Friction depends on how hard two surfaces press together.</li></ul>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give two examples to show that friction is necessary in our daily life.",
          "ans": "<ul><li>Friction is necessary to walk on surface. </li><li>No building could be constructed without friction.</li></ul>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give two examples to show that friction is an evil.",
          "ans": "<ol><li>Friction wears our materials. Example: soles of shoes, parts of machines etc. </li><li>Friction produces heat, when a machine is operated, heat generated causes much wastage of energy.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How does the application of oil, grease or graphite between the moving parts of a machine reduce friction?",
          "ans": "These substances are called lubricants. A thin layer is formed there and moving surfaces do not directly rub against each other.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you understand by the term lubricants?",
          "ans": "The material which is applied on any objects to reduce friction and easy moving of machine are called lubricants.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give two examples where we deliberately increase friction.",
          "ans": "<ol><li>The treated tyres of cars, trucks, buses, bulldozers provide better grip with ground. </li><li>Bicycles, scooters and other automobiles are provided with brake system.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by static, sliding and rolling friction? Which of these is least?",
          "ans": "<p><b>Static friction–</b> The force required to overcome friction at the instant an object starts moving from rest is measure static friction.</p><p><b>Sliding friction–</b> The force required to keep an object moving with same speed is a measure of sliding friction.</p><p><b>Rolling friction–</b> When a body rolls over surface of another body, the resistance to its movement is called rolling friction.</p>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "State two ways of increasing friction.",
          "ans": "<ul><li>Stop any relative motion. </li><li>Remove lubrication between the two surfaces.</li></ul>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give two examples of the use of ball bearings. Name the friction which comes into play.",
          "ans": "<ul><li>It is used in hard drives, skate boards etc. </li><li>The friction which comes into play is called sliding friction.</li></ul>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you understand by the term ‘drag’?",
          "ans": "The frictional force exerted by fluid is called drag.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What form of energy does friction always produce?",
          "ans": "Friction always converts kinetic energy into heat energy.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "State the three factors on which the frictional force on an object in a fluid depends.",
          "ans": "The force of fluid friction depends upon the objects shape, material and speed as well as fluid’s viscosity.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why are boats and aeroplanes given a special shape?",
          "ans": "Boats and aeroplanes are given a special place because they move in water and air, so they need streamlined body to cut the air pressure and water pressure.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write a short note on spring balance.",
          "ans": "It is a device used for measuring force acting on an object. It consists of a coiled sporing, a pointer moving on a graduated scale. The reading on scale indicated by pointer gives magnitude of force.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "While travelling on a rickshaw, you might have experienced that if the seat cover is very smooth, you tend to slip when brakes are applied suddenly. Explain.",
          "ans": "If the seat cover is very smooth, both surfaces are smooth, hence no friction is produced.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Two friends are trying to push a heavy load as shown in the figure. Suggest a way which will make this task easier for them.",
          "ans": "Both of them should apply equal pressure on same side to move the box.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch12a16.jpg",
            "width": "330",
            "height": "260"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A marble is allowed to roll down an inclined plane from a fixed height. At the foot of the inclined plane, it moves on a horizontal surface (a) covered with silk cloth (b) covered with a layer of sand and (c) covered with a glass sheet. On which surface will the marble move the shortest distance? Give reason for your answer.",
          "ans": "(b) Covered with a layer of sand <br>Because the surface of layer of sand is rough and produces friction.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Two blocks of iron of different masses are kept on a cemented floor as shown in the figure. <br>Which one of them would require a larger force to move it from the rest position?",
          "ans": "2 units will require a larger force to move it from the rest position.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch12a18.jpg",
            "width": "350",
            "height": "100"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "mcq": "ch12_mcq",
    "fib": "ch12_fib",
    "mtf": "ch12_mtf",
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch12_co",
    "un": "ch12_un",
    "map": "ch12_map",
    "vsaq": "ch12_vsaq",
    "dtf": "ch12_dtf",
    "snc": "ch12_snc",
    "laq": "ch12_laq",
    "tf": "ch12_tf",
    "nf": "ch12_nf",
    "pbq": "ch12_pbq",
    "ctt": "ch12_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch12_ctco",
    "saq": "ch12_saq",
    "cs": "ch12_cs",
    "afq": "ch12_afq",
    "afow": "ch12_afow",
    "grf": "ch12_grf",
    "gowf": "ch12_gowf",
    "jtf": "ch12_jtf",
    "yn": "ch12_yn"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch13",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 13 - Sound",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A list of mediums is given below. <br>(i) wood &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp; (ii) air <br>(iii) water &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (iv) vacuum <br>In which of these mediums can sound travel?",
          "ans": "(d) (ii), (iii) & (iv) only",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i) & (ii) only",
            "(b) (iii) & (iv) only",
            "(c) (i), (ii) & (iii) only",
            "(d) (ii), (iii) & (iv) only"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The loudness of sound depends on",
          "ans": "(a) its amplitude",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) its amplitude",
            "(b) its time period",
            "(c) its frequency",
            "(d) its speed"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following statements are correct? <br>(i) Sound is produced by vibrations. <br>(ii) Sound requires a medium for propagation. <br>(iii) Light and sound both require a medium for propagation. <br>(iv) Sound travels slower than light.",
          "ans": "(d) (i), (ii) & (iv) only",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i) & (ii) only",
            "(b) (i), (ii) & (iii) only",
            "(c) (ii), (iii) & (iv) only",
            "(d) (i), (ii) & (iv) only"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "An object is vibrating at 50 hertz. What is its time period?",
          "ans": "(a) 0.02 s",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 0.02 s",
            "(b) 0.2 s",
            "(c) 2 s",
            "(d) 20.0 s"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In order to reduce the loudness of a sound we have to",
          "ans": "(b) increase its frequency of vibration",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) decrease its frequency of vibration",
            "(b) increase its frequency of vibration",
            "(c) decrease its amplitude of vibration",
            "(d) increase its amplitude of vibration"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Loudness of sound is measured in units of",
          "ans": "(c) hertz (Hz)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) decibel (dB)",
            "(b) metre (m)",
            "(c) hertz (Hz)",
            "(d) metre/second (m/s)"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The loudness of sound is determined by the",
          "ans": "(a) amplitude of vibration",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) amplitude of vibration",
            "(b) ratio of amplitude and frequency of vibration",
            "(c) frequency of vibration",
            "(d) product of amplitude and frequency of vibration"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "1 hertz is equal to",
          "ans": "(c) 60 vibrations per minute",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) 1 vibration per minute",
            "(b) 10 vibrations per minute",
            "(c) 60 vibrations per minute",
            "(d) 600 vibrations per minute"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Pitch of sound is determined by its",
          "ans": "(a) frequency",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) frequency",
            "(b) speed",
            "(c) amplitude",
            "(d) loudness"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Ultrasound has frequency of vibration",
          "ans": "(a) between 20 and 20,000 Hz",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) between 20 and 20,000 Hz",
            "(b) below 20 Hz",
            "(c) above 20,000 Hz",
            "(d) between 500 and 10,000 Hz"
          ],
          "val": 10
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe sounds differ because of the difference in pitch and loudness.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tA mosquito produces a sound of low pitch as it vibrates its wing very rapidly.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe sound energy travels fastest in air as compared to solids and liquids.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIf a drum is hit hard, a loud sound is produced as amplitude is less.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAbove 60 dB the noise becomes physically painful.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tLightning is seen earlier and thunder is heard later even though both of them take place in the sky at the same time.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "To-and-fro or back-and-forth motion of an object is called _______________.",
          "ans": "vibration",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is the vibrating part of musical instrument Veena.",
          "ans": "string",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In human beings, sound is produced by the _______________ or _______________.",
          "ans": "voice box, larynx",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ attached with the vocal cords can make the cords tight or loose.",
          "ans": "Voice box",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Sound cannot travel through a _______________.",
          "ans": "vaccum",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is required for travelling sound waves.",
          "ans": "medium",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Thin stretched membrane in human ear is known as _______________.",
          "ans": "eardrum",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Sound vibrations make eardrums _______________.",
          "ans": "vibrate",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The number of oscillations per second is called _______________.",
          "ans": "frequency",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ and _______________ are two important properties of any sound.",
          "ans": "Amplitude, frequency",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "To-and-fro motion of an object is also known as _______________ motion.",
          "ans": "oscillatory",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Frequency determines _______________ or _______________ of a sound.",
          "ans": "shrillness, pitch",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Sounds which are detected by human ears are known as _______________.",
          "ans": "audible sound",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Unpleasant sounds are known as _______________.",
          "ans": "noise",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How is sound produced?",
          "ans": "Sound is produced by vibration of materials.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Define Vibration.",
          "ans": "To and promotion of an object is called vibration.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How is sound produced by human beings?",
          "ans": "Vocal cords are stretched across voice box or larynx in such a way that it leaves a narrow slit between them for passage of air. Lungs force air through the slit. The vocal cords vibrate, producing sound.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Men, women and children have different voices. Give reason.",
          "ans": "The length of vocal cords of men are long then in women and childrens. Thus due to difference in lengths of vocal cords they have different voices.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe an activity to show that sound can travel in liquids.",
          "ans": "Take a bucket or a bathtub. Fill it with clean water. Take a small bell in one hand. Shake this bell inside the water to produce sound. Make sure that the bell does not touch the body of the bucket or the tub.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch13a5.jpg",
            "width": "210",
            "height": "140"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How are human beings able to hear sound? Explain briefly.",
          "ans": "Sound waves pass in air and reaches the ear of person.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why should one not clean the ears with a sharp and pointed object?",
          "ans": "By cleaning ears with a sharp or pointed object may damage ear drum or any other part in ear which may lead to deafness in person.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How is the loudness of sound related to the amplitude of the vibration producing the sound?",
          "ans": "The amplitude of a sound wave determines its loudness or volume. A larger amplitude means a louder sound, and a smaller amplitude means a softer sound.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How are frequency and pitch related? Give two examples in support of your answer.",
          "ans": "Sensation of a frequency is commonly referred to as the pitch of a sound. <ol><li>Baby has higher pitch than that of a man. So, babys voice is shrill.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How is frequency of a soundwave related to time period?",
          "ans": "Period is related to frequency. Since the period is the number of seconds per oscillation, the frequency is the no. of oscillations per second.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "The frequency of sound wave is 200 Hz. Calculate its time period.",
          "ans": "T = 1/F <br>∴ T = 1/200 <br>∴ T = 0.005 seconds",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the audible range of frequencies for a normal human ear?",
          "ans": "20 to 20,000 Hz is the audible range of frequencies for a normal human ear.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the difference between noise and music? Give examples.",
          "ans": "<ul><li>Noise is a unpleasant sound. Example: Horns of bus and vehicles </li><li>Music is a pleasant sound. Example: Sound produced from musical instrument.</li></ul>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is ultrasound equipment? State one use of this equipment in hospitals.",
          "ans": "Ultrasound equipment is used to produce pictures of inside the body using sound waves. A sonography machine is used in hospital to check growth and movements of baby.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List the major sources of noise pollution.",
          "ans": "Television, kitchen appliances, air conditioners, music players.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the effects of noise pollution on human beings?",
          "ans": "Lack of sleep, hypertension, anxiety may be caused by noise pollution, A person who is exposed to a loud sound continuously, may get temporary or even permanent impairment of learning.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What measures need to be taken to limit noise pollution?",
          "ans": "Silencing devices must be installed in aircraft engines, vehicles. TV and music system should be run at low volumes. Use of automobile horns should be minimised. More trees should be planted on roads.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "We have a stringed musical instrument. The string is plucked in the middle first with a force of greater magnitude and then with a force of smaller magnitude. In which case would the instrument produce a louder sound?",
          "ans": "More sound will be produced with a force of greater magnitude.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "An alarm bell is kept inside a vessel as shown in the figure. A person standing close to it can distinctly hear the sound of alarm. Now if the air inside the vessel is removed completely how will the loudness of alarm get affected for the same person?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch13a19.jpg",
            "width": "317",
            "height": "190"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch13a19a.jpg",
            "width": "317",
            "height": "190"
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "mcq": "ch13_mcq",
    "fib": "ch13_fib",
    "mtf": "ch13_mtf",
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch13_co",
    "un": "ch13_un",
    "map": "ch13_map",
    "vsaq": "ch13_vsaq",
    "dtf": "ch13_dtf",
    "snc": "ch13_snc",
    "laq": "ch13_laq",
    "tf": "ch13_tf",
    "nf": "ch13_nf",
    "pbq": "ch13_pbq",
    "ctt": "ch13_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch13_ctco",
    "saq": "ch13_saq",
    "cs": "ch13_cs",
    "afq": "ch13_afq",
    "afow": "ch13_afow",
    "grf": "ch13_grf",
    "gowf": "ch13_gowf",
    "jtf": "ch13_jtf",
    "yn": "ch13_yn"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch14",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 14 - Chemical Effects of Electric Current",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "An electric current can produce",
          "ans": "(d) chemical, heating and magnetic effects",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) heating effect only",
            "(b) chemical effect only",
            "(c) magnetic effect only",
            "(d) chemical, heating and magnetic effects"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Sam and Eddy performed experiments taking similar bulbs and batteries but two different solutions A and B as shown in the figure.They found that the bulb in the setup A glows more brightly as compared to that of the setup B.",
          "ans": "(a) higher current is flowing through the circuit in setup A.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "You would conclude that <br>(a) higher current is flowing through the circuit in setup A.",
            "(b) higher current is flowing through the circuit in setup B.",
            "(c) equal current is flowing through both the circuits.",
            "(d) the current flowing through the circuits in the two setups cannot be compared in this manner."
          ],
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch14m2.jpg",
            "width": "420",
            "height": "190"
          },
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Raju’s uncle has set up an electroplating factory near his village. He should dispose off the waste of the factory.",
          "ans": "(d) according to the disposal guidelines of the local authority",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) in the nearby river",
            "(b) in the nearby pond",
            "(c) in the nearby cornfield",
            "(d) according to the disposal guidelines of the local authority"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "When electric current is passed through a conducting solution, there is a change of colour of the solution. This indicates",
          "ans": "(a) the chemical effect of current.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) the chemical effect of current.",
            "(b) the heating effect of current.",
            "(c) the magnetic effect of current.",
            "(d) the lightning effect of current."
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which one of the following solutions will not conduct electricity?",
          "ans": "(d) Vegetable oil",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Lemon juice",
            "(b) Tap water",
            "(c) Vinegar",
            "(d) Vegetable oil"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following metals is used in electroplating to make objects appear shining?",
          "ans": "(b) Chromium",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Iron",
            "(b) Chromium",
            "(c) Copper",
            "(d) Aluminium"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "",
          "ans": "(d) Sugar solution in diluted water",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "Which of the following solutions will not make the bulb in the above figure glow? <br>(a) Sodium chlorides",
            "(b) Copper sulphate",
            "(c) Silver nitrate ",
            "(d) Sugar solution in diluted water"
          ],
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch14m7.jpg",
            "width": "300",
            "height": "270"
          },
          "val": 7
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tFor electroplating a brass jar with copper, the cathode must be made of copper.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tWhen electric current is passed through water it splits into hydrogen and oxygen.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tLEDs are increasingly being used in torch lights.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAddition of base such as caustic soda makes distilled water a good conductor of electricity.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tWe can make a tester using the magnetic effect and chemical effect of currents.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The bulb glows when the electric current passes through it due to the _______________ effect of current.",
          "ans": "joule",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Some liquids allow the current to pass through the tester but the bulb in the circuit does not glow as the current is _______________.",
          "ans": "not sufficient",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Chemical effects of the electric current depends on the _______________ and the _______________ used.",
          "ans": "nature, conducting solution",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Most liquids that conduct electricity are solutions of _______________, _______________, and _______________.",
          "ans": "acids, bases, salts",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "With the help of a potato the _______________ terminal of a cell or a battery can be identified.",
          "ans": "positive",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The metal which has to be deposited in electroplating is connected to the _______________ terminal of the battery.",
          "ans": "negative",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ has a shiny appearance and does not get corroded.",
          "ans": "Chromium",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Cans used for storing food are made by electroplating _______________ on _______________.",
          "ans": "tin, iron",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe an activity to test whether lemon juice is a good conductor of electricity. Support your answer with a diagram.",
          "ans": "Take a glass of lemon juice keep wire in it and connect it to bulb, you can see the bulb lighting as electric current passess through lemon juice and lemon juice is good conductor of electricity.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why is LED preferred in place of the electric bulb in the tester?",
          "ans": "LED is preferred in place of electric bulb in the tester because it glows even when a weak electric current flaws through it.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How compass can be used as a tester? Give one advantage of its use.",
          "ans": "As electric current produces magnetic effect a tester can be prepared by using a compass needle. Advantage– Deflection of magnetic needle can be seen even when small current is passed.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Classify the following liquids as good or poor conductors of electricity. <br>Kerosene, &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp; tap water, &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp; distilled water, &emsp;&emsp;&emsp; alcohol solution,<br>salt solution, &emsp;&emsp;&emsp; lemon juice, &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp; honey",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Good conducator",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Kerosene",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Alcohol solution",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Salt solution",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Lemon juice",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "tap water",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Poor conducator",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "distilled water",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "honey",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": null,
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What does LED stand for? What are the advantages of using LED as light source?",
          "ans": "LED– Light Emitting Diodes. <br>It gives light even when a small amount of electric current is passed through it.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List the chemical effects produced by the current when it flows through a conducting solution.",
          "ans": "Formation of bubbles of a gas on the electrodes, deposits of metal on electrodes, changes of colour of solution etc are effects produced by current when it flows through a conducting solution.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "With a suitable circuit diagram, describe an activity to show that chemical change takes place in water on the passage of current through it.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch14a7.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "330"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe an activity to show that a potato could be used for identifying the positive terminal of a cell.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch14a8.jpg",
            "width": "160",
            "height": "150"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain electroplating with the help of an activity. Give suitable circuit diagram in support of your answer.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch14a9.jpg",
            "width": "360",
            "height": "270"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In the electroplating of an iron rod with zinc, what would you take as the anode and the electrolyte?",
          "ans": "Electrolyte– Salt solution. <br>Anode– iron rod.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is meant by electroplating?",
          "ans": "The process of depositing a layer of any desired metal on another material. By means of electricity is called electroplating.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give a brief account of the uses of electroplating.",
          "ans": "Used in industry for coating metal objects <br>Example of chromium plating is done on many objects such as car parts, bath taps, kitchen gas, burnors, bicycle handlebells, wheel rims etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List three advantages of using chromium for electroplating.",
          "ans": "<ul><li>It does not corrode. </li><li>It resists scratches, </li><li>Used for coating gold and silver at less expense. </li></ul>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In the circuit given in the Figure below, Ajay observed that copper is deposited on the electrode connected to the negative terminal of the battery. Sam tried to repeat the same experiment. But he could find only one copper plate. Therefore he took a carbon rod as negative electrode. <br>Will copper be still deposited on the carbon rod? Explain your answer.",
          "ans": "No, because carbon itself has negative term.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch14a14.jpg",
            "width": "370",
            "height": "302"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Observe the circuit given in the figure. Boojho set up this circuit for purification of copper. What will be the nature of (i) plate A (ii) plate B (iii) the solution? Explain the process of purification.",
          "ans": "The waste will be deposited from impure metal (A) and deposit in solution and itgets attracted towards (B)",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch14a15.jpg",
            "width": "260",
            "height": "260"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Observe the following circuit given in the figure. Current does not flow in the circuit if there is a gap between the two wires. Does it indicate that air is a poor conductor of electricity? Does air never conduct electricity? Explain.",
          "ans": "True, air is poor conductor of electricity and it does not conduct electricity",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch14a16.jpg",
            "width": "260",
            "height": "200"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Boojho made the circuit shown in the figure. He wanted to observe what happens when an electric current is passed through water. But he forgot to add a few drops of lemon juice to water. Will it make any difference to his observations? Explain.",
          "ans": "Yes, water is poor conductor or electricity and lemon juice if, added will conduct electricity.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch14a17.jpg",
            "width": "260",
            "height": "200"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Observing that the bulb does not glow in the circuit shown in the figure A, Boojho changed the circuit as shown in the figure. He observed deflection in the magnetic compass. <br>&emsp;(i) What does the deflection in magnetic compass indicate?<br>&emsp;(ii) Why did the bulb not glow in the figure A?<br>&emsp;(iii) What would be the effect of increase in the number of turns in the coil wound around the magnetic compass in the figure B?<br>&emsp;(iv) What will be observed if the number of cells are increased in the circuit shown in the figure B?",
          "ans": "(i) The charge of circuits. <br>(ii) Because the current passed was not enough. <br>(iii) Magnitude increase. <br>(iv) Circuit will work in speed.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch14a18.jpg",
            "width": "460",
            "height": "250"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "mcq": "ch14_mcq",
    "fib": "ch14_fib",
    "mtf": "ch14_mtf",
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch14_co",
    "un": "ch14_un",
    "map": "ch14_map",
    "vsaq": "ch14_vsaq",
    "dtf": "ch14_dtf",
    "snc": "ch14_snc",
    "laq": "ch14_laq",
    "tf": "ch14_tf",
    "nf": "ch14_nf",
    "pbq": "ch14_pbq",
    "ctt": "ch14_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch14_ctco",
    "saq": "ch14_saq",
    "cs": "ch14_cs",
    "afq": "ch14_afq",
    "afow": "ch14_afow",
    "grf": "ch14_grf",
    "gowf": "ch14_gowf",
    "jtf": "ch14_jtf",
    "yn": "ch14_yn"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch15",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 15 - Some Natural Phenomena",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "An electroscope is a device which is used to find if an object is",
          "ans": "(a) charged",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) charged",
            "(b) free of cracks",
            "(c) magnetic",
            "(d) hot"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Electric current is to be passed from one body to another. For this purpose the two bodies must be joined by",
          "ans": "(b) copper wire",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) cotton thread",
            "(b) copper wire",
            "(c) plastic string",
            "(d) rubber band"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The movement of the earth’s plates causes",
          "ans": "(b) earthquakes",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) cyclones",
            "(b) earthquakes",
            "(c) lightning",
            "(d) thunderstorms"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Two charged objects are brought close to each other. Choose the most appropriate statement from the following options:",
          "ans": "(c) they may attract or repel depending on the type of charges they carry",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) they may attract",
            "(b) they may repel",
            "(c) they may attract or repel depending on the type of charges they carry",
            "(d) there will be no effect"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is not likely to cause Tsunami?",
          "ans": "(c) Volcanic eruption",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) A major nuclear explosion under sea",
            "(b) Earthquake",
            "(c) Volcanic eruption",
            "(d) Lightning"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The earth’s plate responsible for causing earthquakes is",
          "ans": "(b) the mantle of the earth",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) the crust of the earth",
            "(b) the mantle of the earth",
            "(c) the inner core of the earth",
            "(d) the outer core of the earth"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Consider the list of terms given below <br>(i) Seismic Zone &emsp;&emsp; (ii) Mantle <br>(iii) Fault Zone &emsp;&emsp; (iv) Inner Core <br>The boundaries of the earth’s plate are known as",
          "ans": "(c) (i) & (iii)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i) & (ii)",
            "(b) (iii) & (iv)",
            "(c) (i) & (iii)",
            "(d) (ii), (iii) & (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The outermost layer of earth is called",
          "ans": "(b) crust",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) mantle",
            "(b) crust",
            "(c) outer core",
            "(d) inner core"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Major earthquakes are less likely to occur in",
          "ans": "(b) Rann of Kutch",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) North East India",
            "(b) Rann of Kutch",
            "(c) Rajasthan",
            "(d) Odisha"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Consider the list of terms given below <br>(i) Tsunami &emsp;&emsp;&emsp; (ii) Floods <br>(iii) Landslide &emsp;&emsp; (iv) Lightning <br>Earthquakes can cause",
          "ans": "(b) (ii), (iii) & (iv)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) (i), (ii) & (iii)",
            "(b) (ii), (iii) & (iv)",
            "(c) (ii) & (iv)",
            "(d) (iii) & (iv)"
          ],
          "val": 10
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tEarthquakes occur all the time all over the world.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe plates of the outermost layer of the earth are always in continuous motion.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tTremors on the earth can also be caused by the eruption of a volcano.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe process of electric discharge cannot occur between clouds and the earth.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tBathing outdoors should be avoided during thunderstorm.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Two charged bodies _______________ each other if they are made of same material and are charged in the similar manner.",
          "ans": "repel",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ was the first to prove that lightning is caused by the static electric charges in the cloud.",
          "ans": "Benjamin franklin",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Electric charge can be transferred from a charged object to another through _______________.",
          "ans": "conduction",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is a process of transferring charge from an object to the earth.",
          "ans": "Earthing",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Earthquakes can cause floods, _______________ and _______________.",
          "ans": "cyclone, tsunamis",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The power of an earthquake is expressed in terms of a magnitude on a scale called the _______________.",
          "ans": "ritcher scale",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Seismic waves are recorded by an instrument called _______________.",
          "ans": "seismograph",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What charge does a glass rod acquire on being rubbed with a silk cloth?",
          "ans": "Positive.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe an activity to show that like charges repel each other.",
          "ans": "Inflate two balloons. Hang them in such a way that they do not touch each other. Rub both the balloons with a woollen cloth and release them. What do you observe?",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch15a2.jpg",
            "width": "210",
            "height": "140"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe an activity to show that unlike charges attract each other.",
          "ans": "MBD",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch15a3.jpg",
            "width": "130",
            "height": "170"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How can you use an electroscope to detect the charge on a body?",
          "ans": "By observing its cells",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is an electroscope?",
          "ans": "A microscope is an instrument used to see objects that are too small to be seen.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain how does lightning take place.",
          "ans": "During a thunderstorm, air currents move upward while water droplets move downward, both positive and negative charge meet and lightning produces.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why bathing should be avoided during thunderstorms?",
          "ans": "Because water is a good conductor of electricity and if lightning falls near your house then it may conduct electric charges to your.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What precaution should be taken if one is outside during a thunderstorm?",
          "ans": "Stay far away from all trees, stay away from poles on other.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What should one avoid doing inside the house during a thunderstorm?",
          "ans": "Avoid contact with telephones, metal pipes electronic items etc., bathing should be avoided during a thunderstorm.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are lightning conductors?",
          "ans": "Lightning conductor is a device used to protect buildings from the effect of lightning.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why are the lightning conductors made up of metals and buried deep in the ground?",
          "ans": "Because the rod provides easy route for the transfer of electric charge to the ground.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain how do lightning conductors protect buildings from damage due to lightning?",
          "ans": "As the lightning strikes the conductor, it passess through its body and into the ground thus saving the building structure from any damage due to flow of such high damage.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How does an earthquake occur?",
          "ans": "Earth’s plates are in continual motion. When these plates brush past one another or under 90 collision, causes earthquake.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give reason: In highly seismic areas, the use of mud or timber is better than using heavy construction material.",
          "ans": "Because if the house falls it will not cause much damage.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain why it is safer to use a wireless telephone instead of a landline telephone during lightning.",
          "ans": "Wireless telephones do not conduct electricity with them and thus during lightning they do not catch lightning and are poor conductors so they are safer to use.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "If the metal clip used in the electroscope is replaced by an ebonite rod and a charged body is brought in contact with it, will there be any effect on the aluminium strips? Explain.",
          "ans": "There will be no effect on the aluminium strips.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Identify the lightning conductor and the copper plate in the figure",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch15a17.jpg",
            "width": "240",
            "height": "340"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch15a17a.jpg",
            "width": "240",
            "height": "340"
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "mcq": "ch15_mcq",
    "fib": "ch15_fib",
    "mtf": "ch15_mtf",
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch15_co",
    "un": "ch15_un",
    "map": "ch15_map",
    "vsaq": "ch15_vsaq",
    "dtf": "ch15_dtf",
    "snc": "ch15_snc",
    "laq": "ch15_laq",
    "tf": "ch15_tf",
    "nf": "ch15_nf",
    "pbq": "ch15_pbq",
    "ctt": "ch15_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch15_ctco",
    "saq": "ch15_saq",
    "cs": "ch15_cs",
    "afq": "ch15_afq",
    "afow": "ch15_afow",
    "grf": "ch15_grf",
    "gowf": "ch15_gowf",
    "jtf": "ch15_jtf",
    "yn": "ch15_yn"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch16",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 16 - Light",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Part of the eye which controls the light entering is called",
          "ans": "(c) cornea",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) iris",
            "(b) lens",
            "(c) cornea",
            "(d) retina"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "We can see a non-luminous object when light",
          "ans": "(b) is reflected from the object towards our eye.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) emitted by the object falls on the eye.",
            "(b) is reflected from the object towards our eye.",
            "(c) completely passes through the object.",
            "(d) gets completely absorbed by the object"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Light is falling on surface S1, S2, S3 as shown in figure.",
          "ans": "(a) S1 only",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "Surfaces on which the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection is/are <br>(a) S1 only",
            "(b) S2 and S3",
            "(c) S1 and S2 only",
            "(d) all the three surfaces"
          ],
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch16m3.jpg",
            "width": "250",
            "height": "290"
          },
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A tiny mirror M is fixed on a piece of cardboard placed on a table. The cardboard is illuminated by light from a bulb. The position of eye with respect to position of bulb is shown in the figure as A, B, C and D. In which position mirror will be visible?",
          "ans": "(a) A",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) A",
            "(b) C",
            "(c) B",
            "(d) D"
          ],
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch16m4.jpg",
            "width": "320",
            "height": "310"
          },
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A small hole P is made in a piece of cardboard. The hole is illuminated by a torch as shown in the figure.",
          "ans": "(b) C",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "The beam of light coming out of the hole falls on a mirror. At which point should the eye be placed so that the hole can be seen? <br>(a) A",
            "(b) C",
            "(c) B",
            "(d) D"
          ],
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch16m5.jpg",
            "width": "250",
            "height": "330"
          },
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Two mirrors A and B are placed at right angles to each other as shown in the figure.",
          "ans": "(a) 25°",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "A ray of light incident on mirror A at an angle of 25° falls on mirror B after reflection. The angle of reflection for the ray reflected from mirror B would be <br>(a) 25°",
            "(b) 65°",
            "(c) 50°",
            "(d) 115°"
          ],
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch16m6.jpg",
            "width": "300",
            "height": "220"
          },
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following statements is correct regarding rods and cones in the human eye?",
          "ans": "(b) Cones are sensitive to bright light.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Cones are sensitive to dim light.",
            "(b) Cones are sensitive to bright light.",
            "(c) Rods are sensitive to bright light.",
            "(d) Rods can sense colour."
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "In the figure of the human eye, the cornea is represented by the letter",
          "ans": "(d) D",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) A",
            "(b) C",
            "(c) B",
            "(d) D"
          ],
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch16m8.jpg",
            "width": "380",
            "height": "280"
          },
          "val": 8
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe nerve cells which sense colour are the rods.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe iris controls the light entering into the eye.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tDiffused reflection is due to the failure of the laws of reflection.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tReflected rays cannot be further reflected if incident on another mirror.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tA narrow beam of light is actually made up of several rays.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe image formed by a plane mirror is always real and inverted.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The light ray which strikes any surface is called _______________.",
          "ans": "incident ray",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ ray is the ray of light which comes back from the surface after reflection.",
          "ans": "Reflected",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Angle of incidence is always equal to the _______________.",
          "ans": "Angle of reflection",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The image formed by the plane mirror is of _______________ size.",
          "ans": "equal",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The image formed by the plane mirror is _______________ inverted.",
          "ans": "always",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The distance from an object to a plane mirror is _______________ to the distance from the image to the mirror.",
          "ans": "equal",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The image formed by a plane mirror is called a _______________ image.",
          "ans": "virtual",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Beautiful patterns are formed in a kaleidoscope because of _______________ reflections.",
          "ans": "irregular",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Rainbow is a natural phenomenon showing _______________.",
          "ans": "seven colours",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The _______________ prevent any object from entering the eye.",
          "ans": "corner",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The size of the pupil is controlled by the _______________.",
          "ans": "iris",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Draw a diagram to show the reflection of a ray of light using a plane mirror. In the diagram label the incident ray, the reflected ray, the normal, the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch16a1.jpg",
            "width": "300",
            "height": "130"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "State the two laws of reflection of light.",
          "ans": "<ol><li>Angle of incidence is always equal to angle of reflection. </li><li>The incident ray, the normal at the point of coincidence and the reflect ray all lie in same plane.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "With the help of a diagram explain the difference between regular and irregular reflections.",
          "ans": "<ol><li>Smooth surface have regular reflections </li><li>Rough surfaces have irregular reflection</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch16a3.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "290"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How does a plane mirror form an image of a point source of light placed at a certain distance in front of it? Draw a ray diagram.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch16a4.jpg",
            "width": "330",
            "height": "290"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe the working and construction of a periscope with a neat diagram.",
          "ans": "Periscope works on the laws of reflection which states that light from the object fulls on one mirror at a 45° angle from the object and is reflected. This angle than falls on another mirror and is again reflected until it reaches human eye.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch16a5.jpg",
            "width": "330",
            "height": "290"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the use of periscope?",
          "ans": "Used in submarines to see what is going on the water surface, it was used for observation purposes in tranches during world war I, it is used in some gun turrets and it is used in armed vehicles.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which principle forms the basis of a kaleidoscope? Give its use.",
          "ans": "Principle of multiple reflection. <br>Uses:- used as a toy for entertainment.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What happens to the eye when you enter a darkened room from bright sunshine? Give reasons for your answer.",
          "ans": "When outside in the sunshine pupil shrinks so that only a minimum amount of light is available to the eye. Therefore eyes cannot see in dark room.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain the parts of a human eye.",
          "ans": "Cornea– Outer coat which is white in colour. <br>Iris– It is muscular, behind cornea, colour of iris determines colour of eyes. <br>Pupil– Small opening in Iris which controls light entering in eye <br>Eyelens– Adjusts focus on the object <br>Retina– Image focus occurs here. <br>Opticnerves– Passess sensation to brain <br>Blind spot– No vision is possible at this spot.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Draw a labelled diagram of the human eye.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch16a10.jpg",
            "width": "450",
            "height": "270"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the function of retina?",
          "ans": "It is the innermost layer of eyeball on which eye lens focuses the image.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is meant by persistence of vision?",
          "ans": "It refers to the optical illusion whereby multiple discrete images blend into a single image in human mind.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the least distance of distinct vision for a normal human eye?",
          "ans": "25 cm far",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How is cataract treated?",
          "ans": "It is treated by removing the opaque lens and inserting a new artificial lens.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What points should be taken care of for your eyes?",
          "ans": "<ul><li>Use suitable spectacles. </li><li>To little or too much light is bad for eyes, as it causes headaches and eyestrain. </li><li>Do not look at sun or a powerful light directly </li><li>Always read at normal distance for vision. </li></ul>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Food rich in vitamin A should be essential part of our diet. Explain.",
          "ans": "As lack of Vitamin A is foodstuff is responsible for many eye troubles. Most common among them is night blindness. So, spinach, broccoli; raw carrots, milk, curd, cheese, butter etc should be included in diet as they are rich in Vitamin A.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Discuss Braille system.",
          "ans": "The most popular resource for visually challenged persons is Braille system. There is a Braille code for common languages, Mathematics and Scientific notation. Many languages can be studies by this. Patterns are embossed on sheets to study.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write a short note on ‘visually challenged persons’.",
          "ans": "Some persons including children, can be visually impaired. They have limited vision to see things. They might have lose their eyesight because of any disease or injury. The develop their aun sixth sense and learn through Braille system.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Draw the figure showing the position of the plane mirror. Also label the angle of incidence and angle of reflection on it.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch16a19.jpg",
            "width": "230",
            "height": "200"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Akshay planned an activity to observe an object A through pipes as shown in the figure, so that he could see objects which he could not directly see. <br>(a) How many mirrors should he use to see the objects? <br>(b) Indicate the positions of the mirrors in the figure. <br>(c) What must be the angle with respect to the incident light at which he should place the mirrors? <br>(d) Indicate the direction of rays in the figure. <br>(e) If any of the mirrors is removed, will he be able to see the objects?",
          "ans": "(a) 3 <br>(b) ✓ <br>(c) 60°, 90° <br>(d) ✓ <br>(e) No. He will not be able to see",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch16a20.jpg",
            "width": "230",
            "height": "160"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "The given figure shows the word REST written in two ways in front of a mirror. Show how the word would appear in the mirror?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch16a21.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "140"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch16a21a.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "140"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write down the names of parts of the eye in the blank spaces shown in the figure.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 22,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch16a22.jpg",
            "width": "580",
            "height": "270"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch16a22a.jpg",
            "width": "580",
            "height": "270"
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "mcq": "ch16_mcq",
    "fib": "ch16_fib",
    "mtf": "ch16_mtf",
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch16_co",
    "un": "ch16_un",
    "map": "ch16_map",
    "vsaq": "ch16_vsaq",
    "dtf": "ch16_dtf",
    "snc": "ch16_snc",
    "laq": "ch16_laq",
    "tf": "ch16_tf",
    "nf": "ch16_nf",
    "pbq": "ch16_pbq",
    "ctt": "ch16_ctt",
    "ctco": "ch16_ctco",
    "saq": "ch16_saq",
    "cs": "ch16_cs",
    "afq": "ch16_afq",
    "afow": "ch16_afow",
    "grf": "ch16_grf",
    "gowf": "ch16_gowf",
    "jtf": "ch16_jtf",
    "yn": "ch16_yn"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch17",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 17 - Food : Where Does it Come From?",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Morning star is the name given to",
          "ans": "(d) planet Venus",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) pole star",
            "(b) planet Jupiter",
            "(c) star Sirius",
            "(d) planet Venus"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following figures depicts the position of the pole star correctly?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "ch17mcq2.jpg"
          ],
          "val": 2,
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch17mcq2a.jpg",
            "width": "188",
            "height": "119"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The Sun appears to move from east to west around the earth. This means that earth rotates from",
          "ans": "(c) west to east",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) east to west",
            "(b) north to south",
            "(c) west to east",
            "(d) west to north"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "An astronaut standing on the surface of the moon throws a ball upwards. The ball would",
          "ans": "(c) go up and then come back to the surface of the moon.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) directly fall down from the point it is released.",
            "(b) hang in space",
            "(c) go up and then come back to the surface of the moon.",
            "(d) keep going up never to come back."
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Suppose a new planet is discovered between Uranus and Neptune. Its time period would be",
          "ans": "(a) less than that of Neptune",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) less than that of Neptune",
            "(b) more than that of Neptune",
            "(c) equal to that of Neptune or Uranus",
            "(d) less than that of Uranus"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The change in seasons on the earth occurs because",
          "ans": "(d) the axis of rotation of the earth is tilted with respect to the plane of its orbit.",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) the distance between the earth and the sun is not constant.",
            "(b) the axis of rotation of the earth is parallel to the plane of its orbit.",
            "(c) the axis of rotation of the earth is perpendicular to the plane of its orbit.",
            "(d) the axis of rotation of the earth is tilted with respect to the plane of its orbit."
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The first of a month is the new moon day. On fifteenth of the same month, which of the following figures would represent the phase of the moon?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "ch17mcq7.jpg"
          ],
          "val": 7,
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch17mcq7a.jpg",
            "width": "130",
            "height": "94"
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Any celestial body revolving around another celestial body is called its ______________.",
          "ans": "satelite",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Moon has no ___________ and ___________.",
          "ans": "gases, atmosphere ",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Various shapes of the bright part of the moon are known as ______________.",
          "ans": "phases of moon",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The sun is nearly ___________ km away from the earth.",
          "ans": "150 million",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_____________ is the unit used to measure the distance of stars and other planets.",
          "ans": "astronomical unit of length",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The ____________ lies close to the axis of rotation of the earth.",
          "ans": "polaris",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ constellation is also known as The Hunter.",
          "ans": "Orion",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is the brightest star in the sky.",
          "ans": "Sirius",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "________________ is also known as the Big Dipper, _______________ or the ____________.",
          "ans": "Ursa major, Asterism, Great Bear ",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The _______________ lies close to the axis of rotation of the earth.",
          "ans": "sun",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "______________ and ________________ are the outermost planets of the solar system which can be seen only with the help of large telescope. ",
          "ans": "Uranus, Neptune ",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_____________ has the least density among all the planets.",
          "ans": "Saturn",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The planet _____________ is nearest to the sun whereas _____________ is the earth’s nearest planetary neighbour.",
          "ans": "Mercury, Mercury ",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ is the smallest planet of our solar system.",
          "ans": "Mercury",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Halley’s comet appears after every ________________years.",
          "ans": "76",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The body that reaches the Earth is called a ______________.",
          "ans": "Meteorite",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "With the help of a diagram, explain different phases of moon.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch17afq1a.jpg",
            "width": "487",
            "height": "280"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why do phases of the moon occur?",
          "ans": "As the moon orbits around the earth, the half of moon that faces the sun will be lit up. The same half of moon always faces earth, because of tidal looking. So, the phases will always occur over the same half of moon’s surface.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe the surface of the moon",
          "ans": "Surface of moon is covered with dead volcanoes, impact craters, and lava flows, some visible to the unaided stargazer. They are oceans of a sort but rather than water, such bodies are made up of pools of hardened lava.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why do stars appear to move from east to west?",
          "ans": "The earth rotates toward the east; that makes the stars seem to move toward west. They only appear to move east to west due to earth’s rotation same as the sun.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why Venus is also known as morning and evening star?",
          "ans": "Because it is the brightest planet of all. It does not appear to twinkle but instead glows with a steady silvery light.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What keeps planets, comets, asteroids and meteors revolving around the sun?",
          "ans": "The gravitational attraction between sun and these objects keep them revolving around sun.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the planets in order of their distance from the sun.",
          "ans": "Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain the two motions of planets.",
          "ans": "Earth moves around the sun, completing one solar orbit in roughly 365 days. The planet also spins on its axis, rotating completely around every 24 hours.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "The Earth is the only planet on which life is known to exist, explain.",
          "ans": "Some special environmental conditions are responsible for existence and continuation of life on earth. These include just right distance from the sun, so that it has the right temperature range, the presence of water and suitable atmosphere and a blanket of ozone.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give two unique features of Saturn.",
          "ans": "It is yellow in colour.<br> It has beautiful rings around it.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are asteroids?",
          "ans": "The gap between orbits of Mars & Jupiter is occupied by a large number of small objects called asteroids.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are comets? Why does a comet develop a tail while approaching the sun?",
          "ans": "Comets are members of solar family which revolve around the sun. The length of tail grows in size as it approaches the sun. The tail of comet is always directed away from sun.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are ‘meteor showers’?",
          "ans": "The streets of light in the sky, when moon is not present and sky is clear as called meteor showers.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How are meteorites useful for the scientists?",
          "ans": "They help in investigating the nature of materials from which the solar system was formed.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give three uses of artificial satellites.",
          "ans": "They are used for weather forecast used for transmitting television and radio signals.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Describe an activity with the help of a diagram to show that Pole Star can be located with the help of Ursa Major.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "PBQ",
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch17pbq1a.jpg",
            "width": "325",
            "height": "290"
          },
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "How can you locate Sirius, the brightest star in the sky with the help of the constellation Orion? Give suitable diagram.",
          "ans": "To locate sirius, image a straight line passing through the three middle stars of orion. Look along this line towards the east. This line will lead you to a very bright star. It is called sirius.",
          "code": "PBQ",
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch17pbq2a.jpg",
            "width": "360",
            "height": "260"
          },
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "In the picture of rotating earth given as figure, mark the position of pole star.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "PBQ",
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch17pbq3.jpg",
            "width": "280",
            "height": "194"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch17pbq3a.jpg",
            "width": "280",
            "height": "194"
          },
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "In the figure given below, out of the positions A,B,C and D which will indicate the position of the sun? Draw the sun at the appropriate position.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "PBQ",
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch17pbq4.jpg",
            "width": "358",
            "height": "290"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch17pbq4a.jpg",
            "width": "437",
            "height": "290"
          },
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "In the given figure mark the arrows (←), (→), (↓), or (↑) to show the direction of sunlight.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "PBQ",
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch17pbq5.jpg",
            "width": "438",
            "height": "380"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch17pbq5a.jpg",
            "width": "470",
            "height": "378"
          },
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "The given figure shows comets without their tail. Show the tails of the comets at position A, B and C. In which position will the tail be longest?",
          "ans": "The tail is longest in position C.",
          "code": "PBQ",
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch17pbq6.jpg",
            "width": "334",
            "height": "380"
          },
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Look at the given figure carefully and answer the following questions:<br>(a) In which part of the sky would you see the full moon in the evening?<br> (b) In which part of the sky would you see the crescent moon in the evening?",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "PBQ",
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch17pbq7.jpg",
            "width": "465",
            "height": "350"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch17pbq7a.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "351"
          },
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Write the names of all the planets in the figure given below.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "PBQ",
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch17pbq8.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "332"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch17pbq8a.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "321"
          },
          "val": 8
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Define the following.",
          "qus": "Describe in brief the Ursa Major constellation with a suitable outline.",
          "ans": "Ursa Major : It is also called as saptarshi.<br>Saptarshi has been associated with seven well known ancient Indian sages, or rishis, as shown in figure. There seven sages preserve the external knowledge of vedas and explain it to people in every new age.",
          "code": "DTF",
          "val": 1,
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch17dtf1a.jpg",
            "width": "346",
            "height": "215"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Define the following.",
          "qus": "Describe in brief the Orion constellation with a suitable outline.",
          "ans": "Orion :It is called hunter. It has 7 to 8 stars. The 3 middle stars represent the belt of number. The 4 bright stars appear to be arranged in form of quadrilateral.",
          "code": "DTF",
          "val": 2,
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch17dtf2a.jpg",
            "width": "202",
            "height": "270"
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "yn": "ch17_yn",
    "afq": "ch17_afq",
    "nf": "ch17_nf",
    "co": "ch17_co",
    "fib": "ch17_fib",
    "mcq": "ch17_mcq",
    "saq": "ch17_saq",
    "grade": "Grade 7",
    "vsaq": "ch17_vsaq",
    "laq": "ch17_laq",
    "mtf": "ch17_mtf",
    "tf": "ch17_tf",
    "pbq": "ch17_pbq",
    "un": "ch17_un",
    "grf": "ch17_grf",
    "jtf": "ch17_jtf",
    "dtf": "ch17_dtf",
    "cs": "ch17_cs",
    "ctt": "ch17_ctt",
    "gowf": "ch17_gowf",
    "ctco": "ch17_ctco",
    "map": "ch17_map",
    "afow": "ch17_afow",
    "snc": "ch17_snc"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Science",
    "chapter": "ch18",
    "chapterName": "Chapter 18 - Pollution of Air and Water",
    "all": [
      [
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Air is a mixture of various gases. One of the gases is 21% part of the air and is essential for the survival of human beings. This gas is",
          "ans": "(c) oxygen",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) nitrogen",
            "(b) ozone",
            "(c) oxygen",
            "(d) argon"
          ],
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is not a source of air pollution?",
          "ans": "(b)Windmill",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Automobile exhaust",
            "(b)Windmill ",
            "(c) Burning of firewood",
            "(d) Power plant"
          ],
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Boojho wishes to contribute in reducing air pollution. Which vehicle should he use for going to school?",
          "ans": "(c) School bus",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Car",
            "(b) Autorickshaw",
            "(c) School bus",
            "(d) Scooter"
          ],
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is not a way to conserve water?",
          "ans": "",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Replace",
            "(b) Reuse",
            "(c) Reduce",
            "(d) Recycle"
          ],
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The type of pollution which is likely to affect Taj Mahal in Agra to a greater extent is",
          "ans": "(a) air pollution",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) air pollution",
            "(b) soil pollution",
            "(c) water pollution",
            "(d) noise pollution"
          ],
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Incomplete combustion of fuel such as petrol and diesel gives",
          "ans": "(b) carbon monoxide",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) nitrogen oxide",
            "(b) carbon monoxide",
            "(c) sulphur dioxide",
            "(d) carbon dioxide"
          ],
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "The phenomenon of marble cancer is due to",
          "ans": "(d) acid rain",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) soot particles",
            "(b) fog",
            "(c) CFCs",
            "(d) acid rain"
          ],
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Potable water is the water which is",
          "ans": "(b) pure and fit for drinking",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) obtained from a river",
            "(b) pure and fit for drinking",
            "(c) obtained from a lake",
            "(d) used only for washing clothes"
          ],
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following procedures will give you water, free from all impurities?",
          "ans": "(d) Both (a) and (b)",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Adding chlorine tablets",
            "(b) Boiling",
            "(c) Distillation",
            "(d) Both (a) and (b)"
          ],
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "A pond contains clean water. Which of the following activities will produce least pollution of water?",
          "ans": "(d) Swimming in the pond",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Washing clothes in the pond",
            "(b) Animals bathing in the pond",
            "(c) Washing motor vehicles in the pond",
            "(d) Swimming in the pond"
          ],
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Trees help in reducing the pollution of our environment. Lakhs of trees are planted by people in the month of July every year. The occasion is called",
          "ans": "(b) Van Mahotsav",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Forest Conservation Day",
            "(b) Van Mahotsav",
            "(c) Plantation Month",
            "(d) Wildlife Week"
          ],
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
          "qus": "Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?",
          "ans": "(d) Carbon dioxide",
          "code": "MCQ",
          "width": null,
          "height": null,
          "optn": null,
          "options": [
            "(a) Nitrogen",
            "(b) Methane",
            "(c) Water vapour",
            "(d) Carbon dioxide"
          ],
          "val": 12
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\t We can survive for some time without air but we cannot survive even for a few minutes without food.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\t A brick kiln emits lot of smoke and other harmful gases causing air pollution.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\t Carbon monoxide is produced by complete burning of fuels such as coal, petrol and diesel.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\t Chlorination is a commonly used chemical method for killing germs in water.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\t Water which is suitable for drinking is called soft water.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Vehicles produce high levels of air pollutants like ____________, ____________, ____________, and smoke.",
          "ans": "carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxide",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "___________ pollutant is used in refrigerators which damages the _________ layer.",
          "ans": "Chlorofluorocarbons, ozone",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The phenomenon by which acid rain corrodes the marble of Taj Mahal is called ______________.",
          "ans": "Marble cancer",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The process of ______________ has made life possible on the earth",
          "ans": "greenhouse",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Substances that pollute water are known as _____________.",
          "ans": "water pollutants",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Tree plantation movement or ____________is observed in the month of July every year.",
          "ans": "world environment day",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A study by the WWF found that the river ____________ is one of the ten most endangered rivers in the world.",
          "ans": "Ganga",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________ is the most populated town of U.P.",
          "ans": "Kanpur",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the natural sources of air pollution?",
          "ans": "Some organic compound from plants, sea salt, suspended soils and dusts other air pollution are released during forest fires.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write about the man-made sources of air pollution.",
          "ans": "Factories power plants, auto mobile exhausts and burning of fir wood and dung cakes.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by smog? Name some harmful effects caused by it.",
          "ans": "Smog is mixture of smoke and fogg. Many respiratory peroblems.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Where are CFCs used? How do they affect out atmosphere?",
          "ans": "They are used in air conditioners, refrigerator aerosol sprays. CFC’s damage ozone layer of earth.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the sources of suspended particulate matter? Give its harmful effects.",
          "ans": "They are produced during industrial processes like steel making and mining. They reduce visibility when inhaled, they cause diseases",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain how is the Taj Mahal getting discoloured.",
          "ans": "The industries located around Taj Mahal produces pollutants like SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub>. These gases react with water vapour and caused acid rain. The phenomenon is called marble cancer",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List the steps taken by the Supreme Court to save the Taj.",
          "ans": "• It has ordered industries to switch to cleaner fuels like CNG and LPG.<br> • Also, the automobiles should switch over to unleaded petrol in Taj zone.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Discuss the term ‘Acid Rain’.",
          "ans": "Poisonous gases produced by industries mixes with water vapour and causes acid rain. This rain is harmful",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by greenhouse effect?",
          "ans": "The gases responsible for causing greenhouse effect are called green house gases.<br> Ex: CO<sub>2</sub>, methane, nitrous oxide.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Global warming is considered a serious threat. Why?",
          "ans": "Because due to this, there is rise in earth’s average temperature of climate system. It is a measure aspect and changes climates and season cycle.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How does carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere rise and lead to global warming?",
          "ans": "Deforestation leads to an increase in the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> in the air because the number of trees which consume CO<sub>2</sub> is reduced. CO<sub>2</sub> traps heat and does not allow it do escape into space. As a result, the average temperature of earth’s atmosphere is increased. This is called global warming.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List the steps that need to be taken to reduce air pollution.",
          "ans": "• Plant more trees<br> • Reduce the use of fossil fuels and switch to use of solar energy, hydropower and wind energy.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the sources of water pollution?",
          "ans": "River dumping, sewage from industrial and domestic processes, marine dumping etc. are sources of water pollution.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How do the agricultural wastes affect the aquatic organisms in water bodies?",
          "ans": "High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers, manure and animal waste in surface waters gives rise to eutrophication which depletes dissolved oxygen, killing fish & other aquatic life.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe the common methods by which water can be made safe for drinking.",
          "ans": "• By treating water with chlorine or Iodine.<br> • By filteration or ultraviolet light.<br> • Another simple way is to boil water.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Suggest some measures to prevent water pollution",
          "ans": "• Keep out oil, fat or grease from the sink.<br> • Ensure minimal use of bleach or detergents.<br> • Reduce use of herbicides, pesticides & fertilizers.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How can we conserve water in our daily routine?",
          "ans": "• Check your toilet for leaks.<br> • Turn off water while brushing your teeth.<br> • Check faucets and pipes for leaks.<br> • Dont water gutter.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Read the paragraph and answer the following questions. Water is essential for life. Without water there would be no life. We usually take water as granted for its purity, but we must ensure the quality of water.  ollution of water originates from human activities. Through different paths, pollution reaches to the ground water. Easily identified source or place of pollution is called as point source, e.g. municipal and industrial discharge pipes, where pollutants enter the water source. Non-point sources of pollution are those where a source of pollution can not be easily identified, e.g. agricultural runoff, acid rain, etc.<br> (i) How do you classify the various sources of water pollution?<br> (ii) What are the point sources of water pollution?<br> (iii) Name any two non-point sources of water pollution.",
          "ans": "(i) Point sources and Non-point sources.<br> (ii) Municipal and industrial discharge pipes.<br> (iii) Agricultural run off, acid rain.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
          "qus": "Complete the crossword puzzle with the help of clues given below.<br> <b>Across :</b><br> 1. Pollutant which was used in refrigerators and air conditioners. (18)<br> 3. Produced on incomplete combustion of fuels. (14)<br> 6. This chemical protects our crops and is washed into waterbodies from the field. (9)<br> <b>Down :</b><br> 2. This layer protects us from harmful ultraviolet rays. (5)<br> 4. It is essential for combustion. (6)<br> 5. Disease which is caused by drinking contaminated water. (7)<br> 7. River which is famous in India and sustains most of the northern, central and eastern Indian population. (5)",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "PBQ",
          "pic": {
            "image": "ch18pbq1.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "276"
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch18pbq1a.jpg",
            "width": "500",
            "height": "295"
          },
          "val": 1
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
          "qus": "The underlined words are jumbled up. Write them in their correct form:<br>\t\t\t\tAir contains 78% <u>ginroten</u> and 21% <u>gonexy</u>.",
          "ans": "Nitrogen, Oxygen",
          "code": "UN",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
          "qus": "The underlined words are jumbled up. Write them in their correct form:<br>\t\t\t\tVehicles produce high level of pollutants like carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, <u>nobrac moondexi</u> and mosek.",
          "ans": "Carbon monoxide, smoke",
          "code": "UN",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
          "qus": "The underlined words are jumbled up. Write them in their correct form:<br>\t\t\t\tCarbon dioxide, <u>thaneme</u>, nitrous oxide and water vapour are known as <u>heengrouse sesga</u>.",
          "ans": "Methane, greenhouse gases",
          "code": "UN",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
          "qus": "The underlined words are jumbled up. Write them in their correct form:<br>\t\t\t\tGangotri glacier in Himalaya has started melting because of <u>lablog ringwam</u>.",
          "ans": "Global warming",
          "code": "UN",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
          "qus": "The underlined words are jumbled up. Write them in their correct form:<br>\t\t\t\tWhenever harmful substances such as <u>wagese</u>, toxic chemicals, silt, etc. get mixed with water, the water becomes <u>potdulle</u>.",
          "ans": "Sewage, polluted",
          "code": "UN",
          "val": 5
        }
      ],
      []
    ],
    "yn": "ch18_yn",
    "afq": "ch18_afq",
    "nf": "ch18_nf",
    "co": "ch18_co",
    "fib": "ch18_fib",
    "mcq": "ch18_mcq",
    "saq": "ch18_saq",
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "vsaq": "ch18_vsaq",
    "laq": "ch18_laq",
    "mtf": "ch18_mtf",
    "tf": "ch18_tf",
    "pbq": "ch18_pbq",
    "un": "ch18_un",
    "grf": "ch18_grf",
    "jtf": "ch18_jtf",
    "dtf": "ch18_dtf",
    "cs": "ch18_cs",
    "ctt": "ch18_ctt",
    "gowf": "ch18_gowf",
    "ctco": "ch18_ctco",
    "map": "ch18_map",
    "afow": "ch18_afow",
    "snc": "ch18_snc"
  }
]

Youez - 2016 - github.com/yon3zu
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