����JFIFXX�����    $.' ",#(7),01444'9=82<.342  2!!22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222����"��4�� ���,�PG"Z_�4�˷����kjز�Z�,F+��_z�,�© �����zh6�٨�ic�fu���#ډb���_�N�?��wQ���5-�~�I���8����TK<5o�Iv-�����k�_U_�����~b�M��d����Ӝ�U�Hh��?]��E�w��Q���k�{��_}qFW7HTՑ��Y��F�?_�'ϔ��_�Ջt��=||I ��6�έ"�����D���/[�k�9���Y�8ds|\���Ҿp6�Ҵ���]��.����6�z<�v��@]�i%��$j��~�g��J>��no����pM[me�i$[����s�o�ᘨ�˸ nɜG-�ĨU�ycP�3.DB�li�;��hj���x7Z^�N�h������N3u{�:j�x�힞��#M&��jL P@_���� P��&��o8������9�����@Sz6�t7#O�ߋ �s}Yf�T���lmr����Z)'N��k�۞p����w\�Tȯ?�8`�O��i{wﭹW�[�r�� ��Q4F�׊���3m&L�=��h3����z~��#�\�l :�F,j@�� ʱ�wQT����8�"kJO���6�֚l����}���R�>ډK���]��y����&����p�}b��;N�1�m�r$�|��7�>e�@B�TM*-iH��g�D�)� E�m�|�ؘbҗ�a��Ҿ����t4���o���G��*oCN�rP���Q��@z,|?W[0�����:�n,jWiE��W��$~/�hp\��?��{(�0���+�Y8rΟ�+����>S-S����VN;�}�s?.����� w�9��˟<���Mq4�Wv'��{)0�1mB��V����W[�����8�/<� �%���wT^�5���b��)iM� pg�N�&ݝ��VO~�q���u���9� ����!��J27����$O-���! �:�%H��� ـ����y�ΠM=t{!S�� oK8������t<����è:a������[�����ա�H���~��w��Qz`�po�^ ����Q��n� �,uu�C�$ ^���,������8�#��:�6��e�|~���!�3�3.�\0��q��o�4`.|� ����y�Q�`~;�d�ׯ,��O�Zw�������`73�v�܋�<���Ȏ�� ـ4k��5�K�a�u�=9Yd��$>x�A�&�� j0� ���vF��� Y�|�y��� ~�6�@c��1vOp�Ig����4��l�OD���L����� R���c���j�_�uX6��3?nk��Wy�f;^*B� ��@�~a�`��Eu������+���6�L��.ü>��}y���}_�O�6�͐�:�YrG�X��kG�����l^w���~㒶sy��Iu�!� W ��X��N�7BV��O��!X�2����wvG�R�f�T#�����t�/?���%8�^�W�aT��G�cL�M���I��(J����1~�8�?aT ���]����AS�E��(��*E}� 2��#I/�׍qz��^t�̔���b�Yz4x���t�){ OH��+(E��A&�N�������XT��o��"�XC��'���)}�J�z�p� ��~5�}�^����+�6����w��c��Q�|Lp�d�H��}�(�.|����k��c4^�"�����Z?ȕ ��a<�L�!039C� �Eu�C�F�Ew�ç ;�n?�*o���B�8�bʝ���'#Rqf���M}7����]����s2tcS{�\icTx;�\��7K���P���ʇ Z O-��~��c>"��?�������P��E��O�8��@�8��G��Q�g�a�Վ���󁶠�䧘��_%#r�>�1�z�a��eb��qcPѵ��n���#L��� =��׀t� L�7�`��V���A{�C:�g���e@�w1 Xp3�c3�ġ����p��M"'-�@n4���fG��B3�DJ�8[Jo�ߐ���gK)ƛ��$���� ���8�3�����+���� �����6�ʻ���� ���S�kI�*KZlT _`���?��K����QK�d����B`�s}�>���`��*�>��,*@J�d�oF*����弝��O}�k��s��]��y�ߘ��c1G�V���<=�7��7����6�q�PT��tXԀ�!9*4�4Tހ3XΛex�46���Y��D ����� �BdemDa����\�_l,��G�/���֌7���Y�](�xTt^%�GE�����4�}bT���ڹ�����;Y)���B�Q��u��>J/J �⮶.�XԄ��j�ݳ�+E��d ��r�5�_D�1 ��o�� �B�x�΢�#���<��W�����8���R6�@g�M�.��� dr�D��>(otU��@x=��~v���2� ӣ�d�oBd��3�eO�6�㣷�����ݜ6��6Y��Qz`��S��{���\P�~z m5{J/L��1������<�e�ͅPu�b�]�ϔ���'������f�b� Zpw��c`"��i���BD@:)ִ�:�]��hv�E�w���T�l��P���"Ju�}��وV J��G6��. J/�Qgl߭�e�����@�z�Zev2u�)]կ�����7x���s�M�-<ɯ�c��r�v�����@��$�ޮ}lk���a���'����>x��O\�ZFu>�����ck#��&:��`�$�ai�>2Δ����l���oF[h��lE�ܺ�Πk:)���`�� $[6�����9�����kOw�\|���8}������ބ:��񶐕��I�A1/�=�2[�,�!��.}gN#�u����b��� ~��݊��}34q����d�E��Lc��$��"�[q�U�硬g^��%B �z���r�pJ�ru%v\h1Y�ne`ǥ:g���pQM~�^�Xi� ��`S�:V29.�P���V�?B�k�� AEvw%�_�9C�Q����wKekPؠ�\�;Io d�{ ߞo�c1eP����\� `����E=���@K<�Y���eڼ�J���w����{av�F�'�M�@/J��+9p���|]�����Iw &`��8���&M�hg��[�{��Xj��%��Ӓ�$��(����ʹN���<>�I���RY���K2�NPlL�ɀ)��&e����B+ь����( � �JTx���_?EZ� }@ 6�U���뙢ط�z��dWI�n` D����噥�[��uV��"�G&Ú����2g�}&m��?ċ�"����Om#��������� ��{�ON��"S�X��Ne��ysQ���@Fn��Vg���dX�~nj�]J�<�K]:��FW��b�������62�=��5f����JKw��bf�X�55��~J �%^����:�-�QIE��P��v�nZum� z � ~ə ���� ���ة����;�f��\v���g�8�1��f24;�V���ǔ�)����9���1\��c��v�/'Ƞ�w�������$�4�R-��t���� e�6�/�ġ �̕Ecy�J���u�B���<�W�ַ~�w[B1L۲�-JS΂�{���΃������A��20�c#��@ 0!1@AP"#2Q`$3V�%45a6�FRUq��� ����^7ׅ,$n�������+��F�`��2X'��0vM��p�L=������5��8������u�p~���.�`r�����\���O��,ư�0oS ��_�M�����l���4�kv\JSd���x���SW�<��Ae�IX����������$I���w�:S���y���›R��9�Q[���,�5�;�@]�%���u�@ *ro�lbI �� ��+���%m:�͇ZV�����u�̉����θau<�fc�.����{�4Ա� �Q����*�Sm��8\ujqs]{kN���)qO�y�_*dJ�b�7���yQqI&9�ԌK!�M}�R�;������S�T���1���i[U�ɵz�]��U)V�S6���3$K{�ߊ<�(� E]Զ[ǼENg�����'�\?#)Dkf��J���o��v���'�%ƞ�&K�u�!��b�35LX�Ϸ��63$K�a�;�9>,R��W��3�3� d�JeTYE.Mϧ��-�o�j3+y��y^�c�������VO�9NV\nd�1 ��!͕_)a�v;����թ�M�lWR1��)El��P;��yوÏ�u 3�k�5Pr6<�⒲l�!˞*��u־�n�!�l:����UNW ��%��Chx8vL'��X�@��*��)���̮��ˍ��� ���D-M�+J�U�kvK����+�x8��cY������?�Ԡ��~3mo��|�u@[XeY�C�\Kp�x8�oC�C�&����N�~3-H���� ��MX�s�u<`���~"WL��$8ξ��3���a�)|:@�m�\���^�`�@ҷ)�5p+��6���p�%i)P M���ngc�����#0Aruz���RL+xSS?���ʮ}()#�t��mˇ!��0}}y����<�e� �-ή�Ԩ��X������ MF���ԙ~l L.3���}�V뽺�v�����멬��Nl�)�2����^�Iq��a��M��qG��T�����c3#������3U�Ǎ���}��לS�|qa��ڃ�+���-��2�f����/��bz��ڐ�� �ݼ[2�ç����k�X�2�* �Z�d���J�G����M*9W���s{��w���T��x��y,�in�O�v��]���n����P�$�JB@=4�OTI�n��e�22a\����q�d���%�$��(���:���: /*�K[PR�fr\nڙdN���F�n�$�4�[�� U�zƶ����� �mʋ���,�ao�u 3�z� �x��Kn����\[��VFmbE;�_U��&V�Gg�]L�۪&#n%�$ɯ�dG���D�TI=�%+AB�Ru#��b4�1�»x�cs�YzڙJG��f��Il��d�eF'T� iA��T���uC�$����Y��H?����[!G`}���ͪ� �纤Hv\������j�Ex�K���!���OiƸ�Yj�+u-<���'q����uN�*�r\��+�]���<�wOZ.fp�ێ��,-*)V?j-kÊ#�`�r��dV����(�ݽBk�����G�ƛk�QmUڗe��Z���f}|����8�8��a���i��3'J�����~G_�^���d�8w������ R�`(�~�.��u���l�s+g�bv���W���lGc}��u���afE~1�Ue������Z�0�8�=e�� f@/�jqEKQQ�J��oN��J���W5~M>$6�Lt�;$ʳ{���^��6�{����v6���ķܰg�V�cnn �~z�x�«�,2�u�?cE+Ș�H؎�%�Za�)���X>uW�Tz�Nyo����s���FQƤ��$��*�&�LLXL)�1�" L��eO��ɟ�9=���:t��Z���c��Ž���Y?�ӭV�wv�~,Y��r�ۗ�|�y��GaF�����C�����.�+� ���v1���fήJ�����]�S��T��B��n5sW}y�$��~z�'�c ��8 ��� ,! �p��VN�S��N�N�q��y8z˱�A��4��*��'������2n<�s���^ǧ˭P�Jޮɏ�U�G�L�J�*#��<�V��t7�8����TĜ>��i}K%,���)[��z�21z ?�N�i�n1?T�I�R#��m-�����������������1����lA�`��fT5+��ܐ�c�q՝��ʐ��,���3�f2U�եmab��#ŠdQ�y>\��)�SLY����w#��.���ʑ�f��� ,"+�w�~�N�'�c�O�3F�������N<���)j��&��,-� �љ���֊�_�zS���TǦ����w�>��?�������n��U仆�V���e�����0���$�C�d���rP �m�׈e�Xm�Vu� �L��.�bֹ��� �[Դaզ���*��\y�8�Է:�Ez\�0�Kq�C b��̘��cө���Q��=0Y��s�N��S.���3.���O�o:���#���v7�[#߫ ��5�܎�L���Er4���9n��COWlG�^��0k�%<���ZB���aB_���������'=��{i�v�l�$�uC���mƎҝ{�c㱼�y]���W�i ��ߧc��m�H� m�"�"�����;Y�ߝ�Z�Ǔ�����:S#��|}�y�,/k�Ld� TA�(�AI$+I3��;Y*���Z��}|��ӧO��d�v��..#:n��f>�>���ȶI�TX��� 8��y����"d�R�|�)0���=���n4��6ⲑ�+��r<�O�܂~zh�z����7ܓ�HH�Ga롏���nCo�>������a ���~]���R���̲c?�6(�q�;5%� |�uj�~z8R=X��I�V=�|{v�Gj\gc��q����z�؋%M�ߍ����1y��#��@f^���^�>N�����#x#۹��6�Y~�?�dfPO��{��P�4��V��u1E1J �*|���%���JN��`eWu�zk M6���q t[�� ��g�G���v��WIG��u_ft����5�j�"�Y�:T��ɐ���*�;� e5���4����q$C��2d�}���� _S�L#m�Yp��O�.�C�;��c����Hi#֩%+) �Ӎ��ƲV���SYź��g |���tj��3�8���r|���V��1#;.SQ�A[���S������#���`n�+���$��$I �P\[�@�s��(�ED�z���P��])8�G#��0B��[ى��X�II�q<��9�~[Z멜�Z�⊔IWU&A>�P~�#��dp<�?����7���c��'~���5 ��+$���lx@�M�dm��n<=e�dyX��?{�|Aef ,|n3�<~z�ƃ�uۧ�����P��Y,�ӥQ�*g�#먙R�\���;T��i,��[9Qi歉����c>]9�� ��"�c��P�� �Md?٥��If�ت�u��k��/����F��9�c*9��Ǎ:�ØF���z�n*�@|I�ށ9����N3{'��[�'ͬ�Ҳ4��#}��!�V� Fu��,�,mTIk���v C�7v���B�6k�T9��1�*l� '~��ƞF��lU��'�M ����][ΩũJ_�{�i�I�n��$���L�� j��O�dx�����kza۪��#�E��Cl����x˘�o�����V���ɞ�ljr��)�/,�߬h�L��#��^��L�ф�,íMƁe�̩�NB�L�����iL����q�}��(��q��6IçJ$�W�E$��:������=#����(�K�B����zђ <��K(�N�۫K�w��^O{!����)�H���>x�������lx�?>Պ�+�>�W���,Ly!_�D���Ō�l���Q�!�[ �S����J��1��Ɛ�Y}��b,+�Lo�x�ɓ)����=�y�oh�@�꥟/��I��ѭ=��P�y9��� �ۍYӘ�e+�p�Jnϱ?V\SO%�(�t� ���=?MR�[Ș�����d�/ ��n�l��B�7j� ��!�;ӥ�/�[-���A�>�dN�sLj ��,ɪv��=1c�.SQ�O3�U���ƀ�ܽ�E����������̻��9G�ϷD�7(�}��Ävӌ\�y�_0[w ���<΍>����a_��[0+�L��F.�޺��f�>oN�T����q;���y\��bՃ��y�jH�<|q-eɏ�_?_9+P���Hp$�����[ux�K w�Mw��N�ی'$Y2�=��q���KB��P��~������Yul:�[<����F1�2�O���5=d����]Y�sw:���Ϯ���E��j,_Q��X��z`H1,#II ��d�wr��P˂@�ZJV����y$�\y�{}��^~���[:N����ߌ�U�������O��d�����ؾe��${p>G��3c���Ė�lʌ�� ת��[��`ϱ�-W����dg�I��ig2��� ��}s ��ؤ(%#sS@���~���3�X�nRG�~\jc3�v��ӍL��M[JB�T��s3}��j�Nʖ��W����;7��ç?=X�F=-�=����q�ߚ���#���='�c��7���ڑW�I(O+=:uxq�������������e2�zi+�kuG�R��������0�&e�n���iT^J����~\jy���p'dtG��s����O��3����9* �b#Ɋ�� p������[Bws�T�>d4�ۧs���nv�n���U���_�~,�v����ƜJ1��s�� �QIz��)�(lv8M���U=�;����56��G���s#�K���MP�=��LvyGd��}�VwWBF�'�à �?MH�U�g2�� ����!�p�7Q��j��ڴ����=��j�u��� Jn�A s���uM������e��Ɔ�Ҕ�!)'��8Ϣ�ٔ��ޝ(��Vp���צ֖d=�IC�J�Ǡ{q������kԭ�߸���i��@K����u�|�p=..�*+����x�����z[Aqġ#s2a�Ɗ���RR�)*HRsi�~�a &f��M��P����-K�L@��Z��Xy�'x�{}��Zm+���:�)�) IJ�-i�u���� ���ܒH��'�L(7�y�GӜq���� j��� 6ߌg1�g�o���,kر���tY�?W,���p���e���f�OQS��!K�۟cҒA�|ս�j�>��=⬒��˧L[�� �߿2JaB~R��u�:��Q�] �0H~���]�7��Ƽ�I���(}��cq '�ήET���q�?f�ab���ӥvr� �)o��-Q��_'����ᴎo��K������;��V���o��%���~OK ����*��b�f:���-ťIR��`B�5!RB@���ï�� �u �̯e\�_U�_������� g�ES��3�������QT��a����x����U<~�c?�*�#]�MW,[8O�a�x��]�1bC|踤�P��lw5V%�)�{t�<��d��5���0i�XSU��m:��Z�┵�i�"��1�^B�-��P�hJ��&)O��*�D��c�W��vM��)����}���P��ܗ-q����\mmζZ-l@�}��a��E�6��F�@��&Sg@���ݚ�M����� ȹ 4����#p�\H����dYDo�H���"��\��..R�B�H�z_�/5˘����6��KhJR��P�mƶi�m���3�,#c�co��q�a)*Pt����R�m�k�7x�D�E�\Y�閣_X�<���~�)���c[[�BP����6�Yq���S��0����%_����;��Àv�~�| VS؇ ��'O0��F0��\���U�-�d@�����7�SJ*z��3n��y��P����O���������m�~�P�3|Y��ʉr#�C�<�G~�.,! ���bqx���h~0=��!ǫ�jy����l�O,�[B��~��|9��ٱ����Xly�#�i�B��g%�S��������tˋ���e���ې��\[d�t)��.+u�|1 ������#�~Oj����hS�%��i.�~X���I�H�m��0n���c�1uE�q��cF�RF�o���7� �O�ꮧ� ���ۛ{��ʛi5�rw?׌#Qn�TW��~?y$��m\�\o����%W� ?=>S�N@�� �Ʈ���R����N�)�r"C�:��:����� �����#��qb��Y�. �6[��2K����2u�Ǧ�HYR��Q�MV��� �G�$��Q+.>�����nNH��q�^��� ����q��mM��V��D�+�-�#*�U�̒ ���p욳��u:�������IB���m���PV@O���r[b= �� ��1U�E��_Nm�yKbN�O���U�}�the�`�|6֮P>�\2�P�V���I�D�i�P�O;�9�r�mAHG�W�S]��J*�_�G��+kP�2����Ka�Z���H�'K�x�W�MZ%�O�YD�Rc+o��?�q��Ghm��d�S�oh�\�D�|:W������UA�Qc yT�q������~^�H��/��#p�CZ���T�I�1�ӏT����4��"�ČZ�����}��`w�#�*,ʹ�� ��0�i��課�Om�*�da��^gJ݅{���l�e9uF#T�ֲ��̲�ٞC"�q���ߍ ոޑ�o#�XZTp����@ o�8��(jd��xw�]�,f���`~�|,s��^����f�1���t��|��m�򸄭/ctr��5s��7�9Q�4�H1꠲BB@l9@���C�����+�wp�xu�£Yc�9��?`@#�o�mH�s2��)�=��2�.�l����jg�9$�Y�S�%*L������R�Y������7Z���,*=�䷘$�������arm�o�ϰ���UW.|�r�uf����IGw�t����Zwo��~5 ��YյhO+=8fF�)�W�7�L9lM�̘·Y���֘YLf�큹�pRF���99.A �"wz��=E\Z���'a� 2��Ǚ�#;�'}�G���*��l��^"q��+2FQ� hj��kŦ��${���ޮ-�T�٭cf�|�3#~�RJ����t��$b�(R��(����r���dx� >U b�&9,>���%E\� Ά�e�$��'�q't��*�א���ެ�b��-|d���SB�O�O��$�R+�H�)�܎�K��1m`;�J�2�Y~9��O�g8=vqD`K[�F)k�[���1m޼c��n���]s�k�z$@��)!I �x՝"v��9=�ZA=`Ɠi �:�E��)`7��vI��}d�YI�_ �o�:ob���o ���3Q��&D&�2=�� �Ά��;>�h����y.*ⅥS������Ӭ�+q&����j|UƧ����}���J0��WW< ۋS�)jQR�j���Ư��rN)�Gű�4Ѷ(�S)Ǣ�8��i��W52���No˓� ۍ%�5brOn�L�;�n��\G����=�^U�dI���8$�&���h��'���+�(������cȁ߫k�l��S^���cƗjԌE�ꭔ��gF���Ȓ��@���}O���*;e�v�WV���YJ\�]X'5��ղ�k�F��b 6R�o՜m��i N�i����>J����?��lPm�U��}>_Z&�KK��q�r��I�D�Չ~�q�3fL�:S�e>���E���-G���{L�6p�e,8��������QI��h��a�Xa��U�A'���ʂ���s�+טIjP�-��y�8ۈZ?J$��W�P� ��R�s�]��|�l(�ԓ��sƊi��o(��S0��Y� 8�T97.�����WiL��c�~�dxc�E|�2!�X�K�Ƙਫ਼�$((�6�~|d9u+�qd�^3�89��Y�6L�.I�����?���iI�q���9�)O/뚅����O���X��X�V��ZF[�یgQ�L��K1���RҖr@v�#��X�l��F���Нy�S�8�7�kF!A��sM���^rkp�jP�DyS$N���q��nxҍ!U�f�!eh�i�2�m���`�Y�I�9r�6� �TF���C}/�y�^���Η���5d�'��9A-��J��>{�_l+�`��A���[�'��յ�ϛ#w:݅�%��X�}�&�PSt�Q�"�-��\縵�/����$Ɨh�Xb�*�y��BS����;W�ջ_mc�����vt?2}1�;qS�d�d~u:2k5�2�R�~�z+|HE!)�Ǟl��7`��0�<�,�2*���Hl-��x�^����'_TV�gZA�'j� ^�2Ϊ��N7t�����?w�� �x1��f��Iz�C-Ȗ��K�^q�;���-W�DvT�7��8�Z�������� hK�(P:��Q- �8�n�Z���܃e貾�<�1�YT<�,�����"�6{/ �?�͟��|1�:�#g��W�>$����d��J��d�B��=��jf[��%rE^��il:��B���x���Sּ�1հ��,�=��*�7 fcG��#q� �eh?��2�7�����,�!7x��6�n�LC�4x��},Geǝ�tC.��vS �F�43��zz\��;QYC,6����~;RYS/6���|2���5���v��T��i����������mlv��������&� �nRh^ejR�LG�f���? �ۉҬܦƩ��|��Ȱ����>3����!v��i�ʯ�>�v��オ�X3e���_1z�Kȗ\<������!�8���V��]��?b�k41�Re��T�q��mz��TiOʦ�Z��Xq���L������q"+���2ۨ��8}�&N7XU7Ap�d�X��~�׿��&4e�o�F��� �H����O���č�c�� 懴�6���͉��+)��v;j��ݷ�� �UV�� i��� j���Y9GdÒJ1��詞�����V?h��l����l�cGs�ځ�������y�Ac�����\V3�? �� ܙg�>qH�S,�E�W�[�㺨�uch�⍸�O�}���a��>�q�6�n6����N6�q������N ! 1AQaq�0@����"2BRb�#Pr���3C`��Scst���$4D���%Td�� ?���N����a��3��m���C���w��������xA�m�q�m���m������$����4n淿t'��C"w��zU=D�\R+w�p+Y�T�&�պ@��ƃ��3ޯ?�Aﶂ��aŘ���@-�����Q�=���9D��ռ�ѻ@��M�V��P��܅�G5�f�Y<�u=,EC)�<�Fy'�"�&�չ�X~f��l�KԆV��?�� �W�N����=(� �;���{�r����ٌ�Y���h{�١������jW����P���Tc�����X�K�r��}���w�R��%��?���E��m�� �Y�q|����\lEE4���r���}�lsI�Y������f�$�=�d�yO����p�����yBj8jU�o�/�S��?�U��*������ˍ�0������u�q�m [�?f����a�� )Q�>����6#������� ?����0UQ����,IX���(6ڵ[�DI�MNލ�c&���υ�j\��X�R|,4��� j������T�hA�e��^���d���b<����n�� �즇�=!���3�^�`j�h�ȓr��jẕ�c�,ٞX����-����a�ﶔ���#�$��]w�O��Ӫ�1y%��L�Y<�wg#�ǝ�̗`�x�xa�t�w��»1���o7o5��>�m뭛C���Uƃߜ}�C���y1Xνm�F8�jI���]����H���ۺиE@I�i;r�8ӭ����V�F�Շ| ��&?�3|x�B�MuS�Ge�=Ӕ�#BE5G�����Y!z��_e��q�р/W>|-�Ci߇�t�1ޯќd�R3�u��g�=0 5��[?�#͏��q�cf���H��{ ?u�=?�?ǯ���}Z��z���hmΔ�BFTW�����<�q�(v� ��!��z���iW]*�J�V�z��gX֧A�q�&��/w���u�gYӘa���; �i=����g:��?2�dž6�ى�k�4�>�Pxs����}������G�9��3 ���)gG�R<>r h�$��'nc�h�P��Bj��J�ҧH� -��N1���N��?��~��}-q!=��_2hc�M��l�vY%UE�@|�v����M2�.Y[|y�"Eï��K�ZF,�ɯ?,q�?v�M 80jx�"�;�9vk�����+ ֧�� �ȺU��?�%�vcV��mA�6��Qg^M����A}�3�nl� QRN�l8�kkn�'�����(��M�7m9و�q���%ޟ���*h$Zk"��$�9��: �?U8�Sl��,,|ɒ��xH(ѷ����Gn�/Q�4�P��G�%��Ա8�N��!� �&�7�;���eKM7�4��9R/%����l�c>�x;������>��C�:�����t��h?aKX�bhe�ᜋ^�$�Iհ �hr7%F$�E��Fd���t��5���+�(M6�t����Ü�UU|zW�=a�Ts�Tg������dqP�Q����b'�m���1{|Y����X�N��b �P~��F^F:����k6�"�j!�� �I�r�`��1&�-$�Bevk:y���#yw��I0��x��=D�4��tU���P�ZH��ڠ底taP��6����b>�xa����Q�#� WeF��ŮNj�p�J* mQ�N����*I�-*�ȩ�F�g�3 �5��V�ʊ�ɮ�a��5F���O@{���NX��?����H�]3��1�Ri_u��������ѕ�� ����0��� F��~��:60�p�͈�S��qX#a�5>���`�o&+�<2�D����: �������ڝ�$�nP���*)�N�|y�Ej�F�5ټ�e���ihy�Z �>���k�bH�a�v��h�-#���!�Po=@k̆IEN��@��}Ll?j�O������߭�ʞ���Q|A07x���wt!xf���I2?Z��<ץ�T���cU�j��]��陎Ltl �}5�ϓ��$�,��O�mˊ�;�@O��jE��j(�ا,��LX���LO���Ц�90�O �.����a��nA���7������j4 ��W��_ٓ���zW�jcB������y՗+EM�)d���N�g6�y1_x��p�$Lv:��9�"z��p���ʙ$��^��JԼ*�ϭ����o���=x�Lj�6�J��u82�A�H�3$�ٕ@�=Vv�]�'�qEz�;I˼��)��=��ɯ���x �/�W(V���p�����$ �m�������u�����񶤑Oqˎ�T����r��㠚x�sr�GC��byp�G��1ߠ�w e�8�$⿄����/�M{*}��W�]˷.�CK\�ުx���/$�WPw���r� |i���&�}�{�X� �>��$-��l���?-z���g����lΆ���(F���h�vS*���b���߲ڡn,|)mrH[���a�3�ר�[1��3o_�U�3�TC�$��(�=�)0�kgP���� ��u�^=��4 �WYCҸ:��vQ�ר�X�à��tk�m,�t*��^�,�}D*� �"(�I��9R����>`�`��[~Q]�#af��i6l��8���6�:,s�s�N6�j"�A4���IuQ��6E,�GnH��zS�HO�uk�5$�I�4��ؤ�Q9�@��C����wp�BGv[]�u�Ov���0I4���\��y�����Q�Ѹ��~>Z��8�T��a��q�ޣ;z��a���/��S��I:�ܫ_�|������>=Z����8:�S��U�I�J��"IY���8%b8���H��:�QO�6�;7�I�S��J��ҌAά3��>c���E+&jf$eC+�z�;��V����� �r���ʺ������my�e���aQ�f&��6�ND��.:��NT�vm�<- u���ǝ\MvZY�N�NT��-A�>jr!S��n�O 1�3�Ns�%�3D@���`������ܟ 1�^c<���� �a�ɽ�̲�Xë#�w�|y�cW�=�9I*H8�p�^(4���՗�k��arOcW�tO�\�ƍR��8����'�K���I�Q�����?5�>[�}��yU�ײ -h��=��% q�ThG�2�)���"ו3]�!kB��*p�FDl�A���,�eEi�H�f�Ps�����5�H:�Փ~�H�0Dت�D�I����h�F3�������c��2���E��9�H��5�zԑ�ʚ�i�X�=:m�xg�hd(�v����׊�9iS��O��d@0ڽ���:�p�5�h-��t�&���X�q�ӕ,��ie�|���7A�2���O%P��E��htj��Y1��w�Ѓ!����  ���� ࢽ��My�7�\�a�@�ţ�J �4�Ȼ�F�@o�̒?4�wx��)��]�P��~�����u�����5�����7X ��9��^ܩ�U;Iꭆ 5 �������eK2�7(�{|��Y׎ �V��\"���Z�1� Z�����}��(�Ǝ"�1S���_�vE30>���p;� ΝD��%x�W�?W?v����o�^V�i�d��r[��/&>�~`�9Wh��y�;���R��� ;;ɮT��?����r$�g1�K����A��C��c��K��l:�'��3 c�ﳯ*"t8�~l��)���m��+U,z��`(�>yJ�?����h>��]��v��ЍG*�{`��;y]��I�T� ;c��NU�fo¾h���/$���|NS���1�S�"�H��V���T���4��uhǜ�]�v;���5�͠x��'C\�SBpl���h}�N����� A�Bx���%��ޭ�l��/����T��w�ʽ]D�=����K���ž�r㻠l4�S�O?=�k �M:� ��c�C�a�#ha���)�ѐxc�s���gP�iG��{+���x���Q���I= �� z��ԫ+ �8"�k�ñ�j=|����c ��y��CF��/��*9ж�h{ �?4�o� ��k�m�Q�N�x��;�Y��4膚�a�w?�6�>e]�����Q�r�:����g�,i"�����ԩA�*M�<�G��b�if��l^M��5� �Ҩ�{����6J��ZJ�����P�*�����Y���ݛu�_4�9�I8�7���������,^ToR���m4�H��?�N�S�ѕw��/S��甍�@�9H�S�T��t�ƻ���ʒU��*{Xs�@����f�����֒Li�K{H�w^���������Ϥm�tq���s� ���ք��f:��o~s��g�r��ט� �S�ѱC�e]�x���a��) ���(b-$(�j>�7q�B?ӕ�F��hV25r[7 Y� }L�R��}����*sg+��x�r�2�U=�*'WS��ZDW]�WǞ�<��叓���{�$�9Ou4��y�90-�1�'*D`�c�^o?(�9��u���ݐ��'PI&� f�Jݮ�������:wS����jfP1F:X �H�9dԯ���˝[�_54 �}*;@�ܨ�� ð�yn�T���?�ןd�#���4rG�ͨ��H�1�|-#���Mr�S3��G�3�����)�.᧏3v�z֑��r����$G"�`j �1t��x0<Ɔ�Wh6�y�6��,œ�Ga��gA����y��b��)��h�D��ß�_�m��ü �gG;��e�v��ݝ�nQ� ��C����-�*��o���y�a��M��I�>�<���]obD��"�:���G�A��-\%LT�8���c�)��+y76���o�Q�#*{�(F�⽕�y����=���rW�\p���۩�c���A���^e6��K������ʐ�cVf5$�'->���ՉN"���F�"�UQ@�f��Gb~��#�&�M=��8�ט�JNu9��D��[̤�s�o�~������ G��9T�tW^g5y$b��Y'��س�Ǵ�=��U-2 #�MC�t(�i� �lj�@Q 5�̣i�*�O����s�x�K�f��}\��M{E�V�{�υ��Ƈ�����);�H����I��fe�Lȣr�2��>��W�I�Ȃ6������i��k�� �5�YOxȺ����>��Y�f5'��|��H+��98pj�n�.O�y�������jY��~��i�w'������l�;�s�2��Y��:'lg�ꥴ)o#'Sa�a�K��Z� �m��}�`169�n���"���x��I ��*+� }F<��cГ���F�P�������ֹ*�PqX�x۩��,� ��N�� �4<-����%����:��7����W���u�`����� $�?�I��&����o��o��`v�>��P��"��l���4��5'�Z�gE���8���?��[�X�7(��.Q�-��*���ތL@̲����v��.5���[��=�t\+�CNܛ��,g�SQnH����}*F�G16���&:�t��4ُ"A��̣��$�b �|����#rs��a�����T�� ]�<�j��BS�('$�ɻ� �wP;�/�n��?�ݜ��x�F��yUn�~mL*-�������Xf�wd^�a�}��f�,=t�׵i�.2/wpN�Ep8�OР���•��R�FJ� 55TZ��T �ɭ�<��]��/�0�r�@�f��V��V����Nz�G��^���7hZi����k��3�,kN�e|�vg�1{9]_i��X5y7� 8e]�U����'�-2,���e"����]ot�I��Y_��n�(JҼ��1�O ]bXc���Nu�No��pS���Q_���_�?i�~�x h5d'�(qw52] ��'ޤ�q��o1�R!���`ywy�A4u���h<קy���\[~�4�\ X�Wt/� 6�����n�F�a8��f���z �3$�t(���q��q�x��^�XWeN'p<-v�!�{�(>ӽDP7��ո0�y)�e$ٕv�Ih'Q�EA�m*�H��RI��=:��� ���4牢) �%_iN�ݧ�l]� �Nt���G��H�L��� ɱ�g<���1V�,�J~�ٹ�"K��Q�� 9�HS�9�?@��k����r�;we݁�]I�!{ �@�G�[�"��`���J:�n]�{�cA�E����V��ʆ���#��U9�6����j�#Y�m\��q�e4h�B�7��C�������d<�?J����1g:ٳ���=Y���D�p�ц� ׈ǔ��1�]26؜oS�'��9�V�FVu�P�h�9�xc�oq�X��p�o�5��Ա5$�9W�V(�[Ak�aY錎qf;�'�[�|���b�6�Ck��)��#a#a˙��8���=äh�4��2��C��4tm^ �n'c���]GQ$[Wҿ��i���vN�{Fu ��1�gx��1┷���N�m��{j-,��x�� Ūm�ЧS�[�s���Gna���䑴�� x�p 8<������97�Q���ϴ�v�aϚG��Rt�Һ׈�f^\r��WH�JU�7Z���y)�vg=����n��4�_)y��D'y�6�]�c�5̪�\� �PF�k����&�c;��cq�$~T�7j ���nç]�<�g ":�to�t}�159�<�/�8������m�b�K#g'I'.W�����6��I/��>v��\�MN��g���m�A�yQL�4u�Lj�j9��#44�t��l^�}L����n��R��!��t��±]��r��h6ٍ>�yҏ�N��fU�� ���� Fm@�8}�/u��jb9������he:A�y�ծw��GpΧh�5����l}�3p468��)U��d��c����;Us/�֔�YX�1�O2��uq�s��`hwg�r~�{ R��mhN��؎*q 42�*th��>�#���E����#��Hv�O����q�}�����6�e��\�,Wk�#���X��b>��p}�դ��3���T5��†��6��[��@�P�y*n��|'f�֧>�lư΂�̺����SU�'*�q�p�_S�����M�� '��c�6�����m�� ySʨ;M��r���Ƌ�m�Kxo,���Gm�P��A�G�:��i��w�9�}M(�^�V��$ǒ�ѽ�9���|���� �a����J�SQ�a���r�B;����}���ٻ֢�2�%U���c�#�g���N�a�ݕ�'�v�[�OY'��3L�3�;,p�]@�S��{ls��X�'���c�jw�k'a�.��}�}&�� �dP�*�bK=ɍ!����;3n�gΊU�ߴmt�'*{,=SzfD� A��ko~�G�aoq�_mi}#�m�������P�Xhύ����mxǍ�΂���巿zf��Q���c���|kc�����?���W��Y�$���_Lv����l߶��c���`?����l�j�ݲˏ!V��6����U�Ђ(A���4y)H���p�Z_�x��>���e��R��$�/�`^'3qˏ�-&Q�=?��CFVR �D�fV�9��{�8g�������n�h�(P"��6�[�D���< E�����~0<@�`�G�6����Hг�cc�� �c�K.5��D��d�B���`?�XQ��2��ٿyqo&+�1^� DW�0�ꊩ���G�#��Q�nL3��c���������/��x ��1�1[y�x�პCW��C�c�UĨ80�m�e�4.{�m��u���I=��f�����0QRls9���f���������9���~f�����Ǩ��a�"@�8���ȁ�Q����#c�ic������G��$���G���r/$W�(��W���V�"��m�7�[m�A�m����bo��D� j����۳� l���^�k�h׽����� ��#� iXn�v��eT�k�a�^Y�4�BN��ĕ��0 !01@Q"2AaPq3BR������?���@4�Q�����T3,���㺠�W�[=JK�Ϟ���2�r^7��vc�:�9 �E�ߴ�w�S#d���Ix��u��:��Hp��9E!�� V 2;73|F��9Y���*ʬ�F��D����u&���y؟��^EA��A��(ɩ���^��GV:ݜDy�`��Jr29ܾ�㝉��[���E;Fzx��YG��U�e�Y�C���� ����v-tx����I�sם�Ę�q��Eb�+P\ :>�i�C'�;�����k|z�رn�y]�#ǿb��Q��������w�����(�r|ӹs��[�D��2v-%��@;�8<a���[\o[ϧw��I!��*0�krs)�[�J9^��ʜ��p1)� "��/_>��o��<1����A�E�y^�C��`�x1'ܣn�p��s`l���fQ��):�l����b>�Me�jH^?�kl3(�z:���1ŠK&?Q�~�{�ٺ�h�y���/�[��V�|6��}�KbX����mn[-��7�5q�94�������dm���c^���h� X��5��<�eޘ>G���-�}�دB�ޟ� ��|�rt�M��V+�]�c?�-#ڛ��^ǂ}���Lkr���O��u�>�-D�ry� D?:ޞ�U��ǜ�7�V��?瓮�"�#���r��չģVR;�n���/_� ؉v�ݶe5d�b9��/O��009�G���5n�W����JpA�*�r9�>�1��.[t���s�F���nQ� V 77R�]�ɫ8����_0<՜�IF�u(v��4��F�k�3��E)��N:��yڮe��P�`�1}�$WS��J�SQ�N�j�ٺ��޵�#l���ј(�5=��5�lǏmoW�v-�1����v,W�mn��߀$x�<����v�j(����c]��@#��1������Ǔ���o'��u+����;G�#�޸��v-lη��/(`i⣍Pm^���ԯ̾9Z��F��������n��1��� ��]�[��)�'������:�֪�W��FC����� �B9،!?���]��V��A�Վ�M��b�w��G F>_DȬ0¤�#�QR�[V��kz���m�w�"��9ZG�7'[��=�Q����j8R?�zf�\a�=��O�U����*oB�A�|G���2�54 �p��.w7� �� ��&������ξxGHp� B%��$g�����t�Џ򤵍z���HN�u�Я�-�'4��0��;_��3 !01"@AQa2Pq#3BR������?��ʩca��en��^��8���<�u#��m*08r��y�N"�<�Ѳ0��@\�p��� �����Kv�D��J8�Fҽ� �f�Y��-m�ybX�NP����}�!*8t(�OqѢ��Q�wW�K��ZD��Δ^e��!� ��B�K��p~�����e*l}z#9ң�k���q#�Ft�o��S�R����-�w�!�S���Ӥß|M�l޶V��!eˈ�8Y���c�ЮM2��tk���� ������J�fS����Ö*i/2�����n]�k�\���|4yX�8��U�P.���Ы[���l��@"�t�<������5�lF���vU�����W��W��;�b�cД^6[#7@vU�xgZv��F�6��Q,K�v��� �+Ъ��n��Ǣ��Ft���8��0��c�@�!�Zq s�v�t�;#](B��-�nῃ~���3g������5�J�%���O������n�kB�ĺ�.r��+���#�N$?�q�/�s�6��p��a����a��J/��M�8��6�ܰ"�*������ɗud"\w���aT(����[��F��U՛����RT�b���n�*��6���O��SJ�.�ij<�v�MT��R\c��5l�sZB>F��<7�;EA��{��E���Ö��1U/�#��d1�a�n.1ě����0�ʾR�h��|�R��Ao�3�m3 ��%�� ���28Q� ��y��φ���H�To�7�lW>����#i`�q���c����a��� �m,B�-j����݋�'mR1Ήt�>��V��p���s�0IbI�C.���1R�ea�����]H�6����������4B>��o��](��$B���m�����a�!=��?�B� K�Ǿ+�Ծ"�n���K��*��+��[T#�{E�J�S����Q�����s�5�:�U�\wĐ�f�3����܆&�)����I���Ԇw��E T�lrTf6Q|R�h:��[K�� �z��c֧�G�C��%\��_�a�84��HcO�bi��ؖV��7H �)*ģK~Xhչ0��4?�0��� �E<���}3���#���u�?�� ��|g�S�6ꊤ�|�I#Hڛ� �ա��w�X��9��7���Ŀ%�SL��y6č��|�F�a 8���b��$�sק�h���b9RAu7�˨p�Č�_\*w��묦��F ����4D~�f����|(�"m���NK��i�S�>�$d7SlA��/�²����SL��|6N�}���S�˯���g��]6��; �#�.��<���q'Q�1|KQ$�����񛩶"�$r�b:���N8�w@��8$�� �AjfG|~�9F ���Y��ʺ��Bwؒ������M:I岎�G��`s�YV5����6��A �b:�W���G�q%l�����F��H���7�������Fsv7��k�� 403WebShell
403Webshell
Server IP : 54.89.25.11  /  Your IP : 216.73.216.255
Web Server : Apache/2.4.7 (Ubuntu)
System : Linux ip-172-31-88-18 3.13.0-74-generic #118-Ubuntu SMP Thu Dec 17 22:52:10 UTC 2015 x86_64
User : www-data ( 33)
PHP Version : 5.5.9-1ubuntu4.24
Disable Function : pcntl_alarm,pcntl_fork,pcntl_waitpid,pcntl_wait,pcntl_wifexited,pcntl_wifstopped,pcntl_wifsignaled,pcntl_wexitstatus,pcntl_wtermsig,pcntl_wstopsig,pcntl_signal,pcntl_signal_dispatch,pcntl_get_last_error,pcntl_strerror,pcntl_sigprocmask,pcntl_sigwaitinfo,pcntl_sigtimedwait,pcntl_exec,pcntl_getpriority,pcntl_setpriority,
MySQL : ON  |  cURL : ON  |  WGET : ON  |  Perl : ON  |  Python : ON  |  Sudo : ON  |  Pkexec : ON
Directory :  /var/www/html/kalemon/public/hfit/TG/Class-8/Social Science/assets/DataJS/

Upload File :
current_dir [ Writeable ] document_root [ Writeable ]

 

Command :

[ Back ]     

Current File : /var/www/html/kalemon/public/hfit/TG/Class-8/Social Science/assets/DataJS/ch1.js
var chpdata=[
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch1",
    "chapterName": "HISTORY - Chapter 1 - How, When and Where",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tJames Mill divided Indian history into three periods: Hindu, Muslim and Christian.*\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tBrahmans offered the Shastras to Britannia.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tPrince Arthur was the third son of Queen Victoria.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tPaintings projected the Governor generals as powerful figures.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\t‘The History of British India’ was published by James Mill in 1817.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe British thought surveys were important for effective administration.*\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tCalligraphist is the person who has specialised in the art of beautiful writing.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tCensus operations were held every five years by the British.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________ was an English geographer and an enthusiastic supporter of the British.",
          "ans": "James Rennel",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The first map of India was produced by ____________ in ____________.",
          "ans": "James Rennel, 1782",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________ was the first British governor general of India.",
          "ans": "Warren Hastings",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________ was the last British viceroy of India.",
          "ans": "Lord Mountbatten",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________ was a Scottish economist and political philosopher.",
          "ans": "James Mill",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "James Mill divided Indian history into  ____________, ____________ and ____________.",
          "ans": "Hindu, Muslim, British",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________ of the British administration is one of the important sources of India history.",
          "ans": "Official records",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________ and ____________ were established to preserve important records.",
          "ans": "Archives, Museums",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The National Archives of India came up in the ____________.",
          "ans": "1920s",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________ and ____________ were moved from branch of the administration to another in the early years of the nineteenth century.",
          "ans": "Letters, Memos",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why did James Rennel think maps are essential?",
          "ans": "James Rennel was an English geographer and supporter of the British. He thought that preparation of maps will be essential for the process of dominance and conquest of India.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which dates are important in history?",
          "ans": "Dates which focus on a particular set of events are important, for example the year a particular battle was fought, the year a particular revolution took place, the year a king was crowned, etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What was James Mill’s opinion about Asian society?",
          "ans": "According to James Mill all Indian society is at a lower level of civilisation than Europe. He has also described that before the British came to India, Hindu and Muslim despots ruled the country. James Mill also tells that only British rule could civilise India because at that time cast taboos, superstition and religious intolerance dominated Asian society.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the problem with the periodisation of India history that James Mill offers?*",
          "ans": "James Mill divided Indian history into three periods: Hindu, Muslim and British. This periodisation has its own problem. It is not justified to characterise an age only through the religion of Hindu and Muslim rules of the time because a variety of faiths existed simultaneously in these periods. Even rulers in ancient India did not all share the same faith.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How did the British subjugate India?",
          "ans": "The British subjugated the nawabs and rajas and established their rule in India. <br/> 1. They established their control over the economy and society, collected revenue to meet all their expenses, bought the goods they wanted at low prices and produced crops they needed for export. <br/> 2. British rule also brought changes in values, customs and practices. In this way they changed many things politically, socially, economically, culturally and subjugated our country.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why did the British feel that the act of writing was important?",
          "ans": "The British believed that the act of writing was important and every instruction, plan, policy, decision, agreement, investigation had to be clearly written so that it could be properly studied, debated and carefully preserved so that it could be used for better and effective administration.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Where were the important documents preserved?",
          "ans": "The important documents were preserved at the village tahsildar’s office. The collectorate, the law courts and at the Commissioner’s office. The provincial secretaries all had their record rooms. Specialised institutions like archives and museums were also established to preserve important records.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why did the British preserve official documents?*",
          "ans": "The British preserved official documents so that it would be easy to study the notes and reports of the past and use them in present time.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How did surveys become important under colonial administration.",
          "ans": "The practice of surveying became common under colonial administration. The British believed that a country had to be properly known before it could be effectively administered. So they started detailed surveys by the early nineteenth century in order to map the entire country. In the village they started revenue surveys .They also made efforts to know the topography, the soil quality, flora and fauna, the local histories and the cropping pattern. <br/> By the end of the nineteenth century they also introduced census operations every 10 years, which helped them in preparing detailed records of the number of people in all the provinces of India, noting information of castes, religions and occupations separately. They also carried several other surveys such as botanical surveys, zoological surveys, archaeological surveys, etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How will the information historians get from old newspapers be different from that found in police reports?*",
          "ans": "The information printed in newspapers is based on the views of reporters, news editors etc. and information found in the police reports is usually true and realistic.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch1_co",
    "mcq": "ch1_mcq",
    "saq": "ch1_saq",
    "fib": "ch1_fib",
    "mtf": "ch1_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch1_pbq",
    "snc": "ch1_snc",
    "ctt": "ch1_ctt",
    "un": "ch1_un",
    "afq": "ch1_afq",
    "gowf": "ch1_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch1_dtf",
    "afow": "ch1_afow",
    "grf": "ch1_grf",
    "tf": "ch1_tf",
    "jtf": "ch1_jtf",
    "nf": "ch1_nf",
    "map": "ch1_map",
    "yn": "ch1_yn",
    "laq": "ch1_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch1_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch1_cs",
    "ctco": "ch1_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch2",
    "chapterName": "HISTORY - Chapter 2 - From Trade to Territory",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tQueen Elizabeth II was the ruler of England in 1600.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe Portuguese were the first to arrive in India.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAccording to Aurangzeb’s farman only East India Company was given permission to trade duty free.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAfter Mir Jafar, Mir Qasim was made the Nawab.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe Mughal Empire became stronger in the eighteenth century.*\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe English East India Company was the only European company that traded with India.*\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tTipu Sultan was called The Tiger of Mysore.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tMaharaja Ranjit Singh was the ruler of Punjab.*\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe British did not introduce administrative changes in the territories they conquered.*\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tWhen Richard Wellesley was governor general, the Nawab of Awadh was forced to give over half of his territory to the company in 1801.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe Second Anglo-Maratha War was fought between 1803 and 1805.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe Third Anglo-Maratha War of 1817–1819 crushed Maratha power.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tBritish territories were broadly divided into administrative units called presidencies.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tCivil Court was under a Qazi and a Mufti.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tSawas were trained soldiers on horse backs.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe British army was armed with Muskets and Matchlocks.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 12
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In 1600 the East India Company acquired a ____________ from Queen Elizabeth I.",
          "ans": "Charter",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ was a ____________ explorer who discovered a sea route to India.",
          "ans": "Vasco da Gama, Portuguese",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The first English factory was set up on the banks of the river ____________ in 1651.",
          "ans": "Hugli",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The British conquest of Bengal began with the battle of ____________.*",
          "ans": "Plassey",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Battle of Buxar was fought in ____________.",
          "ans": "1764",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan were the rulers of ____________.",
          "ans": "Mysore",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Dalhousie implemented the _________________.*",
          "ans": "Doctrine of Lapse",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The Maratha Kingdom was located mainly in the ____________ part of India.*",
          "ans": "western",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The first war with the Marathas ended in 1782 with the Treaty of ____________.",
          "ans": "Salbai",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The new ____________ arrived in the early nineteenth century.",
          "ans": "steam technology",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "During the period of Warren Hastings, company acquired power in ___________________ and ____________.",
          "ans": "Bengal, Bombay, Madras",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Each district had two courts: ____________ and ____________.",
          "ans": "Criminal, Civil",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Warren Hastings was accused by ____________ for misgovernment of Bengal.",
          "ans": "Edmund Burke, Civil",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The revolt of ____________ gives us a glimpse into the world of the sepoys.",
          "ans": "1857",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What attracted European trading companies to India?*",
          "ans": "All the companies were interested in buying fine qualities cotton and silk produced in India. Indian spices such as pepper, cloves, cardamom and cinnamon too were in great demand.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How did the trading company eliminate their rival competitors?",
          "ans": "Competition amongst the European companies led to increase in the prices of goods and this reduced the profit that could be earned. The urge to secure markets therefore led to fierce battles. Through the 17th and 18th centuries the trading companies sank each other’s ships, blocked their routes and prevented rival ships from moving with supplies of goods. Trade was carried on with arms, and trading posts were protected through fortification.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How did Bengal suffer a huge loss of revenue?",
          "ans": "According to Aurangzeb’s Farman only the East India Company had the right to trade duty free but officials of the company who were carrying on private trade on the side were expected to pay duty. Thus they refused to pay causing an enormous loss of revenue for Bengal.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How did the assumption of Diwani benefit the East India Company?*",
          "ans": "In 1765, the Mughal emperor appointed the company as the Diwan of the provinces of Bengal. The diwani allowed the company to use the vast revenue resources of Bengal. This solved a major problem that the company had earlier faced. From the early eighteenth century its trade with India had expanded but it had to buy most of the goods in India with gold and silver imported from Britain. The outflow of gold from Britain entirely stopped after the assumption of diwani. Now revenue from India could finance company expenses. This revenue could be used to purchase cotton and silk textiles in India, maintain company troops and meet the cost of building the company fort and offices at Calcutta",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe the Battle of Plassey",
          "ans": "The Battle of Plassey was fought between Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, and the East India Company. When Alvardi khan died in 1756 and Siraj-ud-Daulah became the Nawab of Bengal. The company was worried about his power and was keen on a puppet ruler who would willingly give trade concessions. The company had built a fortress around the trade centre in Calcutta on the pretext of security reasons, without taking permission from the Nawab. An infuriated Siraj-ud-Daulah asked the company to stop fortifications and pay revenue. After negotiations failed the Nawab marched to Kolkata and destroyed the fort. A small army led by Robert Clive reached Bengal to protect the Kolkata trade centre. The British realised that it was not easy to defeat the Nawab. Therefore Robert Clive took to treachery and made a plan to defeat the Nawab by hatching a conspiracy with Mir Jafar, the commander-in-chief of the Nawab’s army and promised to make him Nawab after crushing Siraj-ud-Daulah. So the main reason for the defeat of the Nawab was that the forces led by Mir Jafar, one of Siraj-ud-Daulah’s commanders, never fought the battle; as promised, the British appointed Mir Jafar as the Nawab of Bengal.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What were the areas of conflict between the Bengal Nawabs and the East India Company.*",
          "ans": "Through the early eighteenth century the conflict between the company and the Nawabs of Bengal intensified and the Nawabs asserted their power and autonomy. They refused to grant the company concessions, demanded large tributes for the company’s right to trade, denied it any right to mint coins and stopped it from extending its fortifications. The Nawabs claimed that the company was depriving the Bengal government of huge amounts of revenue and undermining their authority. It was refusing to pay taxes. These were the areas of conflict between the Bengal Nawabs and the East India Company.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe the battle of Buxar.",
          "ans": "After the Battle of Plassey, the British appointed Mir Jafar as the Nawab of Bengal. However, with time Mir Jafar became hostile towards the British so the company replaced him with his son-in-law Mir Qasim, who opposed the British for non-payment of taxes. The officers were angry and both Mir Qasim and the company came face to face and finally Mir Qasim was defeated in 1763. He escaped and went to Shah Alam where he met the Nawab of Awadh, Shuja-ud-Daulah. These combined forces fought with British East India Company in the Battle of Buxar in which British East India Company emerged victorious.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain the system of subsidiary alliance.",
          "ans": "According to the terms of subsidiary Alliance, Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed forces. They were to be protected by the company but had to pay for the ‘subsidiary forces’ that the company was supposed to maintain for the purpose of this protection. If the Indian rulers failed to make the payment, then part of their territory was taken as penalty.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write a short note on Tipu Sultan – The Tiger of Mysore.",
          "ans": "Tipu Sultan, the son of Haider Ali, ruled from 1782 to 1799. Under the leadership of Tipu Sultan, Mysore became very powerful and a profitable trade centre of the Malabar coast where the company purchased pepper, cardamom and sandalwood. In 1755 Tipu Sultan stopped the export of all these products through the ports of his Kingdom and disallowed local merchants from trading with the company. Tipu Sultan established a close relationship with the French in India and modernised his army with their help. The British got furious and waged four wars with Mysore. Tipu Sultan fought fearlessly. The last battle proved unfortunate for him. He was killed defending his capital Seringapatam.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How did Tipu Sultan achieve the title ‘Tiger of Mysore’?",
          "ans": "Once Tipu Sultan had gone hunting in the forest with a French friend. There he came face to face with a tiger. His gun did not work and his dagger fell to the ground. He battled with the tiger unarmed until he managed to reach down and pick up the dagger. Finally he was able to kill the tiger in the battle. After this he came to be known as the ‘Tiger of Mysore’.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What was the objective behind the company’s new policy of ‘parmountcy’?",
          "ans": "The company claimed that its authority was paramount or supreme and therefore its power was greater than that of Indian states.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What was the result of Rani Channamma’s anti-British resistance movement?",
          "ans": "Rani Channamma was put in prison where she died.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write a short note on the Doctrine of Lapse.",
          "ans": "The Governor General, Lord Dalhousie, devised the policy of paramountcy and the policy came to be known as the Doctrine of Lapse. The Doctrine of Lapse declared that if an Indian ruler died without a male heir his Kingdom would lapse ‘that is become part of company’s territory’. Applying this doctrine company annexed Satara, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Nagpur and Jhansi. The Doctrine of Lapse was also the cause of the Revolt of 1857.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In what way was the administration of the company different from that of Indian rulers?*",
          "ans": "The company divided its administrative units into presidencies whereas in India administration units were divided into districts. <br/> Presidency was ruled by a Governor and Districts were ruled by Collectors. <br/> The supreme head of the administration was the governor general whereas in India the head of the administration was a King. <br/> The governor general introduced several administrative reforms whereas the collector collected revenue, taxes and maintained law and order in his district.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe the changes that occurred in the composition of the company’s Army.",
          "ans": "The East India Company began recruitment for its own army which came to be known as Sepoy army. As warfare technology changed from the 1820 the cavalry requirements of the company’s army declined. The soldiers of the company’s army had to keep pace with changing military requirements and its infantry regiment now become more important. <br/> In the early nineteenth century the British began to develop a uniform military culture. Soldiers were increasingly subjected to European style training, drill and discipline that regulated their life far more than before.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch2_co",
    "mcq": "ch2_mcq",
    "saq": "ch2_saq",
    "fib": "ch2_fib",
    "mtf": "ch2_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch2_pbq",
    "snc": "ch2_snc",
    "ctt": "ch2_ctt",
    "un": "ch2_un",
    "afq": "ch2_afq",
    "gowf": "ch2_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch2_dtf",
    "afow": "ch2_afow",
    "grf": "ch2_grf",
    "tf": "ch2_tf",
    "jtf": "ch2_jtf",
    "nf": "ch2_nf",
    "map": "ch2_map",
    "yn": "ch2_yn",
    "laq": "ch2_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch2_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch2_cs",
    "ctco": "ch2_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch3",
    "chapterName": "HISTORY - Chapter 3 - Ruling the Countryside",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tRobert Clive was the Governor general in India when Permanent Settlement was introduced.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tColebrook was concerned about the condition of the under – ryots in Bengal.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThomas Munro was the Governor general of Madras during 1819–26.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn 1770 Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Settlement.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe East India Company was appointed as the Diwan of Bengal by the Mughal Emperor in 1765.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIndigo is a plant which produces rich blue colour used for dye.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIndigo could be cultivated only on fertile land.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe Permanent settlement created many problems.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThomas Munro developed ryotwari system which extended later on all over South India.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe English cultivated indigo in Jamaica.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tW. S Seton Karr was the president of the indigo commission.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAshley Eden had declared that indigo need not be sown.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tMahatma Gandhi’s visit in 1917 marked the beginning of the Champaran movement against the indigo planters.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe slave revolt broke out in San Domingue in August 1773.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 14
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ accepted the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa from the Mughal ruler in 1765.",
          "ans": "Robert Clive",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A terrible ____________ broke out in Bengal which wiped out one-third of the population.",
          "ans": "Famine",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Rajas and Taluqdars were recognised as ____________ by the terms of the permanent settlement.",
          "ans": "Zamindars",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The Ryotwari system later came to be called as _________________.",
          "ans": "Munro System",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The weavers of Andhra Pradesh created ____________ print in the twentieth century.",
          "ans": "Kalamkari",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Growers of Woad in Europe saw ____________ as a crop which would provide competition to their earnings.*",
          "ans": "indigo",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The demand for indigo increased in late eighteenth century Britain because of ___________________.*",
          "ans": "industrialisation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The international demand for indigo was affected by the discovery of _________________.",
          "ans": "synthetic dyes",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The French began cultivating indigo in _________________ in the Caribbean islands.",
          "ans": "St. Domingue",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The Champaran movement was against _________________.*",
          "ans": "indigo plants",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________ were the agents of planters.*",
          "ans": "Gomasthas",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In ____________, the indigo ryots got support from the local zamindars.",
          "ans": "1859",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________ was an indigo cultivator of Chandpore.",
          "ans": "Hadji Mulla",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Match the Following.",
          "qus": "Match the columns.*",
          "ans": "1. (b),  2. (a), 3. (d),  4. (c)",
          "code": "MTF",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [
            {
              "image": "Column I",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Ryots",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Mahal",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Nij",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Ryoti",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "option2": [
            {
              "image": "Column II",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) village",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) peasants",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(c) cultivation on ryot’s land",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(d) cultivation on planter’s own land",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How did the Bengal economy fall into a deep crisis?",
          "ans": "The Bengal economy fell into a deep crisis when the company had become the Diwan of Bengal, as the effort was to increase the revenue as much as it could and buy fine cotton and silk cloth as cheaply as possible; within five years the value of goods bought by the company in Bengal doubled. Before 1765 the company had purchased goods in India by importing gold and silver from Britain. Now the revenue collected in Bengal could finance the purchase of goods for export.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What were the results of the economic crises of Bengal?",
          "ans": "The Bengal economy faced a deep crises. <br/> Artisans started to leave village since they were being forced to sell their goods to the company at low prices. <br/> Peasants were not able to pay the dues. Agricultural cultivation showed signs of collapse. <br/> The worst consequence came in 1770, when a terrible famine hit Bengal which killed ten million people –about one third of the population was wiped out.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Describe the main features of the Permanent settlement.*",
          "ans": "The Company introduced the Permanent settlement in 1793. <br/>  According to this settlement rajas and talukdars who were recognised as zamindars were to collect rent from the peasants and pay revenue to the company. <br/> This amount paid was to be fixed permanently, that is it was not to be increased even in future. <br/> It was felt that this would ensure a regular flow of revenue into the company’s coffers and at the same time encourage the zamindars to invest in imposing the land. <br/> Since the revenue demand of the state would not be increased, the zamindar would benefit from increased production from the land. <br/> The revenue that had been fixed was so high that the zamindars found it difficult to pay the revenue. Anyone who failed to pay the revenue lost his zamindari. <br/> There was an increase in the income of the zamindar but no gain for the company. It could not increase a revenue demand that had been fixed permanently.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How was the Mahalwari system different from the Permanent settlement.*",
          "ans": "After the failure of permanent settlement, Holt Mackenzie, an Englishman, devised a new system called Mahalwari system which came into effect in 1822. Mahalwari system was different from Permanent settlement.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Permanent Settlement",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. In Permanent Settlement the rates of the revenue were fixed.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. In Permanent Settlement the zamindars collected revenue from peasants and paid to the company.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Mahalwari System",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(a) In Mahalwari system, the rate of revenue would be revised periodically.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "(b) In Mahalwari system the charge of collecting revenue was given to the village headman.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What was the Munro system?",
          "ans": "Munro system which was previously called Ryotwari system was started by Captain Alexander Read in some areas that were taken by the company after the wars with Tipu Sultan. <br/> Later on Thomas Munro, the Governor general of Madras, developed this system and this system gradually extended all over South India. <br/> In the South there were no traditional zamindars. <br/> Hence the settlement was made directly with the cultivators (ryots) who had tilled the land for generations. <br/> The fields were separately surveyed before the revenue assessment was made. <br/> Munro thought that British should protect the ryots under their charge.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give two problems which arose with the new Munro system of fixing revenue.*",
          "ans": "The two problems which arose with the new Munro system of fixing revenue are given below <br/> 1. Revenue officials fixed too high a revenue demand which the peasants were unable to pay. <br/> 2. Ryots fled to the countryside and villages became deserted in many regions.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Who was Willian Morris?",
          "ans": "William Morris, a famous poet and artist of nineteenth-century Britain, designed a floral cotton print known as Morris cotton print.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which countries used Indian indigo in the thirteenth century?",
          "ans": "By the thirteenth century Indian indigo was being used by cloth manufactures in Italy, France and Britain to dye cloth.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which other plant was used to dye cloth?",
          "ans": "Woad was used to make violet and blue dyes.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How did indigo plantation collapse in the Caribbean islands?",
          "ans": "In the eighteenth century, French planters produced indigo in the French colony of St. Domingue in the Caribbean islands. The African slaves who worked on the plantation rose in rebellion in 1791 burning the plantation and killing their rich planters in 1792. France abolished slavery in the French colonies. These events led to the collapse of the indigo plantation in the Caribbean islands.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How was indigo cultivated?",
          "ans": "There were two main systems of indigo cultivation (1) nij and (2) ryots.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why were ryots reluctant to grow indigo?*",
          "ans": "The planters forced the ryots to sign a contract or an agreement. Those who signed the contract got cash in advance from the planters at low rates of interest to produce indigo. <br/> But the loan committed the ryot to cultivating indigo on at least 25% of the area under his holding. <br/> The planter provided the seed and the drill, while the cultivators prepared the soil, sowed the seed and looked after the crop. <br/> When the crop was delivered to the planter after the harvest, a new loan was given to the ryot. <br/> Peasants who were initially tempted by the loans soon realised how harsh the system was. The price they got for the indigo they produced was very low and the cycle of loans never ended. <br/> The planters usually insisted that indigo be cultivated on the best soils in which peasants preferred to cultivate rice. <br/> Indigo, moreover, had deep roots and it exhausted the soil rapidly. <br/> After an indigo harvest the land could not be sown with rice for cultivation.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "When did the Blue Rebellion break out?",
          "ans": "Blue Rebellion broke out in March 1859 –thousands of ryots in Bengal refused to grow indigo. Indian farmers rebelled against being forced to grow indigo plants.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What was the impact of Blue Rebellion?",
          "ans": "After the Blue rebellion, indigo production collapsed in Bengal and planters shifted their operation to Bihar.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Who were the Lathiyals?",
          "ans": "Lathiyals were the lathi-wielding strong men maintained by the planters.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What was the notice issued by the magistrate Ashley Eden?",
          "ans": "Magistrate Ashley Eden in Barasat issued a notice stating that ryots would not be compelled to accept indigo contracts. Word went around that Queen Victoria had declared that indigo need not be sown.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What was the plight of indigo cultivators after the revolution of 1857?",
          "ans": "After the revolt of 1857, Indigo production collapsed in Bengal. <br/> But the planters now shifted their operations to Bihar with the discovery of synthetic dyes in the late nineteenth century. Their business was severely affected, yet they managed to expand production. <br/> In 1917 Mahatma Gandhi visited Champaran to see the plight of the indigo cultivators which marked the beginning of the Champaran movement against the indigo planters.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What were the circumstances which led to the eventual collapse of indigo production in Bengal?*",
          "ans": "In March 1859 thousands of ryots in Bengal refused to grow indigo. <br/> They became violent; ryots refused to pay rents to the planters and attacked indigo factories armed with swords, spears, bows and arrows. The women also joined with pots and pans. <br/> The ryots got support of the local zamindars and village headmen mobilised the indigo peasants and fought pitched battles with the Lathiyals. <br/> In other places even the zamindars went around villages urging the ryots to resist the planters. <br/> Worried by the rebellion, the government brought in the military to protect the planters from assaults and set up the indigo commission to enquire into the system of indigo production. <br/> The commissioners held the planters guilty and criticised them for the coercive methods they used with indigo cultivators. <br/> It declared that indigo production was not profitable for ryots. <br/> The commission asked the ryots to fulfil their existing contracts but also told them that they could refuse to produce indigo in future. <br/> After this revolt, indigo production collapsed in Bengal.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch3_co",
    "mcq": "ch3_mcq",
    "saq": "ch3_saq",
    "fib": "ch3_fib",
    "mtf": "ch3_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch3_pbq",
    "snc": "ch3_snc",
    "ctt": "ch3_ctt",
    "un": "ch3_un",
    "afq": "ch3_afq",
    "gowf": "ch3_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch3_dtf",
    "afow": "ch3_afow",
    "grf": "ch3_grf",
    "tf": "ch3_tf",
    "jtf": "ch3_jtf",
    "nf": "ch3_nf",
    "map": "ch3_map",
    "yn": "ch3_yn",
    "laq": "ch3_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch3_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch3_cs",
    "ctco": "ch3_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch4",
    "chapterName": "HISTORY - Chapter 4 - Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tJhum cultivators plough the land and sow seeds.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn many regions tribal groups lived by hunting animals and gathering forest produce.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tBritish officials saw settled tribal groups like the Gonds and Santhals as more civilised than hunter gatherers or shifting cultivators.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tInterest charged by moneylenders is not very high.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tCocoons were bought from the Santhals and sold by the traders at five times the purchase price.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tSettled peasants were difficult to control and govern than people who were always on the move.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tSongram Sangma took place in 1906 in Meghalaya.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tEast India Company officials tried to encourage silk production to meet the growing demand.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tBirsa urged his followers to purify themselves, give up drinking liquor and stop believing in witchcraft and sorcery.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe British wanted to preserve the tribal way of life.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn 1900 Birsa died of Cholera.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tBirsa’s followers raised the green flag as a symbol of Birsa Raj.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn 1895 Birsa urged his followers to recover their glorious past.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 13
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The British described the tribal people as ____________.",
          "ans": "uncivilised",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The method of sowing seeds in jhum cultivation is known as ___________________.",
          "ans": "shifting cultivation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A field that had been cultivated once was left ____________ for several years.",
          "ans": "fallow",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The tribal groups of the ___________________ were shepherds.",
          "ans": "Gaddis of Kulu",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Powerful men often rented out their land instead of ___________________ it by themselves.",
          "ans": "cultivating",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The tribal chiefs got ___________________ titles in central India under the British land settlements.",
          "ans": "Sirdar’s (leaders)",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In the eighteenth century, Indian silk was in great demand in  ___________________ markets.",
          "ans": "European",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Many tribal groups reacted against the colonial ____________ laws.",
          "ans": "forest",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Tribals went to work in the ____________ of Assam and the ____________ in Bihar.",
          "ans": "tea plantations, coal mines",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "British officials arrested Birsa in ____________.",
          "ans": "1895",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Birsa’s followers began targeting the symbols of ____________ and  _________________.",
          "ans": "Diku, European power",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Birsa also spent some time in the company of a prominent _________________ preacher.",
          "ans": "Vaishnav",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write a note on jhum cultivation.",
          "ans": "Jhum cultivation was done on small patches of land, mostly in forests. The cultivators used to cut the treetops to allow sunlight to reach the ground and burnt the vegetation on the land to clear it for cultivation. They spread the ash from the fire, which contained potash, to fertilise the soil. They used the axe to cut trees and the hoe to scratch the soil in order to prepare it for cultivation. They broadcast the seeds, that is, scattered the seeds on the field instead of ploughing the land and sowing the seeds. Once the crop was ready and harvested, they moved to another field. A field that had been cultivated once was left fallow for several years.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Where were shifting cultivators found?",
          "ans": "Shifting cultivators were found in the hilly and forested tracts of north east and central India.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which tribal groups were cattle herders?",
          "ans": "The Van Gujjars of the Punjab hills and the Labadis of Andhra Pradesh were cattle herders.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What led tribal groups to be dependent on traders and moneylenders?",
          "ans": "Tribal groups often needed to buy and sell in order to be able to get the goods that were not produced in the locality. This led to their dependence on traders and moneylenders.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What problems did shifting cultivators face under British rule?",
          "ans": "The life of shifting cultivators was directly connected to the forest. British wanted shifting cultivators to settle down and become peasant cultivators. So, when the British brought changes in forest laws, their life was badly affected. The British extended their control over all forests and declared that forests were state property. Some forests were classified as Reserved Forests for they produced timber which the British wanted. In these forests, people were not allowed to move freely, hunt animals, collect fruits or practice jhum cultivations. As a result, many jhum cultivators had to move to other areas in search of work.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How did the powers of tribal chiefs change under colonial rule?",
          "ans": "Under British rule, the functions and powers of the tribal chiefs changed considerably. They were allowed to keep their land titles over a cluster of villages and rent out lands, but they lost much of their administrative power and were forced to follow laws made by British officials in India. They also had to pay tribute to the British and discipline the tribal groups on behalf of the British. They lost the authority they had earlier enjoyed amongst their people and were unable to fulfil their traditional functions.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What solution did the Colonial officials come up with to ensure a regular supply of cheap labour in forests?",
          "ans": "Colonial officials decided that they would give jhum cultivators small patches of land in the forests and allow them to cultivate these on the condition that those who lived in the villages would have to provide labour to the forest department and look after the forests. So in many regions the Forest Department established forest villages to ensure a regular supply of cheap labour.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What was the policy of land settlement?",
          "ans": "Land settlement referred to the practice where British government measured the land defined the rights of each individual to that land, and fixed the revenue demand for the state.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why did tribal groups rebel in different parts of the country?",
          "ans": "Tribal groups rebelled in different parts of the country against the changes in laws, the restrictions on their practices, the new taxes they had to pay and the exploitation by traders and moneylenders.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which different revolts took place against the changes in law?",
          "ans": "The Kols rebelled in 1831–32, Santhals revolted in 1855, the Bastar Rebellion in central India broke out in 1910 and the Warli Revolt in Maharashtra in 1940.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write a note on Birsa Munda’s early life?",
          "ans": "Birsa was born in the mid-1870s. The son of a poor father, he grew up around the forests of Bohonda, grazing sheep, playing the flute and dancing in the local akhara. As an adolescent, Birsa heard tales of the Munda uprisings of the past and saw the sirdars (leaders) of the community urging the people to revolt.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What was Birsa’s vision of a golden age? Why do you think such a vision appealed to the people of the region?",
          "ans": "Satyug (the age of truth) was the golden age. Birsa was deeply influenced by many ideas he came in touch with in his growing-up years. The movement that he led aimed at reforming tribal society. He urged the Munda to give up drinking liquor, clean their village, and stop believing in witchcraft and sorcery. He often remembered the gloden past of the Mundas, when he lived a good life, constructed embankments, tapped natural springs, planted trees and orchards and practised cultivation to earn their living. They did not kill their brethren and relatives. They lived honestly. Birsa wanted to restore this glorious past. Such a vision appealed to the people of the region because they could relate to Birsa Munda’s vision of living a life free from the oppression of the dikus.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What accounts for the anger of the tribals against the dikus?",
          "ans": "The tribals wanted to drive out the dikus—missionaries, moneylenders, Hindu landlords, and the government because they saw them as the cause of their misery. <br/> The following facts account for their anger against the dikus: <Ol> 1. The land policies of the British were destroying their traditional land system. </Ol><Ol> 2. Hindu landlords and moneylenders were taking over their land. </Ol><Ol> 3. Missionaries were criticising their traditional culture.</ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch4_co",
    "mcq": "ch4_mcq",
    "saq": "ch4_saq",
    "fib": "ch4_fib",
    "mtf": "ch4_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch4_pbq",
    "snc": "ch4_snc",
    "ctt": "ch4_ctt",
    "un": "ch4_un",
    "afq": "ch4_afq",
    "gowf": "ch4_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch4_dtf",
    "afow": "ch4_afow",
    "grf": "ch4_grf",
    "tf": "ch4_tf",
    "jtf": "ch4_jtf",
    "nf": "ch4_nf",
    "map": "ch4_map",
    "yn": "ch4_yn",
    "laq": "ch4_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch4_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch4_cs",
    "ctco": "ch4_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch5",
    "chapterName": "HISTORY - Chapter 5 - When People Rebel",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn 1801, a subsidiary alliance was imposed on Awadh, and in 1856 it was taken over.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn 1856, Governor-General Dalhousie decided that Bahadur Shah Zafar would be the last Mughal king.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAfter 1830, the Company allowed Christian missionaries to function freely in its domain and even own land and property.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tEighty-five sepoys were dismissed from service and sentenced to ten years in jail for disobeying their officers on 9 May 1857.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tBahadur Shah Zafar was willing to challenge the mighty British power.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn Lucknow, Birjis Qadr, the son of the deposed Nawab Wajid Ali Shah, was proclaimed the new Nawab.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tTantia Tope escaped to the jungles of central India and continued to fight a guerrilla war with the support of many tribal and peasant leaders.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe recapture of Delhi meant that the rebellion died down after that.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAfter the rebel, the British could carry on ruling the land with the same policies.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe Indian rulers were to hold their kingdoms as subordinates of the British Crown.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAll ruling chiefs of the country were assured that their territory would never be annexed in future.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 11
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Since the mid-eighteenth century, ____________ and ____________ had seen their power being eroded.",
          "ans": "nawabs, rajas",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________, the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II, pleaded that he be given his father’s pension when the latter died.",
          "ans": "Nana Saheb",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________ was one of the last territories to be annexed.",
          "ans": "Awadh",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________ language education was actively promoted.",
          "ans": "English",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "After a hundred years of conquest and administration, the English East India Company faced a massive rebellion that started in ____________.",
          "ans": "May 1857",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "On 29 March 1857, a young soldier, ____________, was hanged to death for attacking his officers in Barrackpore. ",
          "ans": "Mangal Pandey",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The sepoys of Meerut rode all night of 10 May to reach ____________ in the early hours next morning.",
          "ans": "Delhi",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________ was recaptured from the rebel forces in September 1857.",
          "ans": "Delhi",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ was defeated and killed in June 1858.",
          "ans": "Rani Lakshmibai",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The British Parliament passed a new Act in 1858 and transferred the powers of the East India Company to the _________________.",
          "ans": "British Crown",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A new phase of history began after _________________.",
          "ans": "1857",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The British believed that _________________ were responsible for the rebellion in a big way.",
          "ans": "Muslims",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What was the demand of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi that the British refused?*",
          "ans": "Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi wanted the Company to recognise her adopted son as the heir to the kingdom after the death of her husband.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What happened when Nawabs lost their power?",
          "ans": "Since the mid-eighteenth century, nawabs and rajas had seen their power being eroded. They had gradually lost their authority and honour. Residents had been stationed in many courts, the freedom of the rulers reduced, their armed forces disbanded, and their revenues and territories taken away in stages.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What did peasants and zamindars do in the countryside?",
          "ans": "In the countryside peasants and zamindars resented the high taxes and the rigid methods of revenue collection. Many failed to pay back their loans to the moneylenders and gradually lost the lands they had tilled for generations.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why were the Indian sepoys unhappy?",
          "ans": "The Indian sepoys in the employ of the Company also had reasons for discontent. They were unhappy about their pay, allowances and conditions of service. Some of the new rules, moreover, violated their religious sensibilities and beliefs.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why in 1824 sepoys refused to go to Burma?",
          "ans": "In those days many people in the country believed that if they crossed the sea they would lose their religion and caste. So when in 1824 the sepoys were told to go to Burma by the sea route to fight for the Company, they refused to follow the order, though they agreed to go by the land route.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which new law was passed by the Company in 1856?",
          "ans": "In 1856 the Company passed a new law which stated that every new person who took up employment in the Company’s army had to agree to serve overseas if required.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What did the British do to protect the interests of those who converted to Christianity?*",
          "ans": "In 1850, a new law was passed to make conversion to Christianity easier. This law allowed an Indian who had converted to Christianity to inherit the property of his ancestors.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What objections did the sepoys have to the new cartridges that they were asked to use?*",
          "ans": "Sepoys refused to do the army drill using the new cartridges as they were suspected of being coated with the fat of cows and pigs.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What was the response of the other Indian soldiers in Meerut?",
          "ans": "1. The response of the other Indian soldiers in Meerut was quite extraordinary. On 10 May, the soldiers marched to the jail in Meerut and released the imprisoned sepoys. <br/> 2. They attacked and killed British officers. They captured guns and ammunition and set fire to the buildings and properties of the British and declared war on the firangis. <br/> 3. The soldiers were determined to bring an end to British rule in the country.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What impact did Bahadur Shah Zafar’s support to the rebellion have on the people and the ruling families?*",
          "ans": "1. The Mughal dynasty had ruled over a very large part of the country. Most smaller rulers and chieftains controlled different territories on behalf of the Mughal ruler. <br/> 2. Threatened by the expansion of British rule, many of them felt that if the Mughal emperor could rule again, they too would be able to rule their own territories once more, under Mughal authority. <br/> 3. The British had not expected this to happen. <br/> 4. But Bahadur Shah Zafar’s decision to bless the rebellion changed the entire situation dramatically. Often when people see an alternative possibility they feel inspired and enthused. It gives them the courage, hope and confidence to act.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How did the last Mughal emperor live the last years of his life?*",
          "ans": "The last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar, was tried in court and sentenced to life imprisonment. His sons were shot dead before his eyes. He and his wife Begum Zinat Mahal were sent to prison in Rangoon in October 1858. Bahadur Shah Zafar died in the Rangoon jail in November 1862.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What did the Britishers do to win back the loyalty of the people?",
          "ans": "The British tried their best to win back the loyalty of the people. They announced rewards for loyal landholders, who would be allowed to continue to enjoy traditional rights over their lands. Those who had rebelled were told that if they submitted to the British, and if they had not killed any white people, they would remain safe and their rights and claims to land would not be denied.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which measures were accepted by the British government for ruling India?",
          "ans": "1. The British Parliament passed a new Act in 1858 and transferred the powers of the East India Company to the British Crown in order to ensure a more responsible management of Indian affairs. <br/> 2. A member of the British Cabinet was appointed Secretary of State for India and made responsible for all matters related to the governance of India. He was given a council to advise him, which was called the India Council. <br/> 3. The Governor-General of India was given the title of Viceroy, that is, a personal representative of the Crown. <br/> 4. Through these measures the British government accepted direct responsibility for ruling India",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What was decided about Indian soldiers?",
          "ans": "It was decided that the proportion of Indian soldiers in the army would be reduced and the number of European soldiers would be increased. It was also decided that instead of recruiting soldiers from Awadh, Bihar, central India and south India, more soldiers would be recruited from among the Gurkhas, Sikhs and Pathans.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch5_co",
    "mcq": "ch5_mcq",
    "saq": "ch5_saq",
    "fib": "ch5_fib",
    "mtf": "ch5_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch5_pbq",
    "snc": "ch5_snc",
    "ctt": "ch5_ctt",
    "un": "ch5_un",
    "afq": "ch5_afq",
    "gowf": "ch5_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch5_dtf",
    "afow": "ch5_afow",
    "grf": "ch5_grf",
    "tf": "ch5_tf",
    "jtf": "ch5_jtf",
    "nf": "ch5_nf",
    "map": "ch5_map",
    "yn": "ch5_yn",
    "laq": "ch5_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch5_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch5_cs",
    "ctco": "ch5_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch6",
    "chapterName": "HISTORY - Chapter 6 - Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tOften a mixture of cotton and silver thread was used in the Jamdani weaven cloth.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn 1720, the British government enacted a legislation banning the use of printed cotton textiles – chintz – in England.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe first stage of production was spinning – a work done mostly by women.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tFor printed cloth, the weavers needed the help of specialist block printers known as chhipigars.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe thread was spun on the takli and rolled on the charkha.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tJawaharlal Nehru urged people to boycott imported textiles and use hand-spun and hand-woven cloth. \n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIndian Wootz steel fascinated American scientists.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tWootz is an anglicised version of the Kannada word ukku, Telugu hukku and Tamil and Malayalam urukku – meaning steel.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tMichael Faraday, the legendary scientist and discoverer of electricity and electromagnetism, spent four years studying the properties of Indian Wootz (1818–22).\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Around 1750, before the British conquered Bengal, India was by far the world’s largest producer of  _________________.",
          "ans": "cotton textiles",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The word chintz comes from the word ____________.*",
          "ans": "chhint",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In 1764, the _________________ was invented by John Kaye which increased the productivity of the traditional spindles.",
          "ans": "spinning jenny",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "For coloured textiles, the thread was dyed by the dyer, who was known as _________________.",
          "ans": "rangrez",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ gradually became a symbol of nationalism.",
          "ans": "Khadi",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The _________________ came to represent India, and it was put at the centre of the tricolour flag of the Indian National Congress in 1931.",
          "ans": "charkha",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The first cotton mill in India was set up as a spinning mill in ____________ in 1854.",
          "ans": "Bombay",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Tipu’s sword was made of ____________ steel.*",
          "ans": "Wootz",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Tipu’s legendary swords are now part of valuable collections in museums in ____________.",
          "ans": "England",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ had one of the finest ores in the world.",
          "ans": "Rajhara Hills",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What kinds of cloth had a large market in Europe?*",
          "ans": "Printed cotton cloths called chintz, cossaes (or khassa) and bandanna had a large market in Europe.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is jamdani?*",
          "ans": "Jamdani is a fine muslin on which decorative motifs are woven on the loom, typically in grey and white.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is bandanna?*",
          "ans": "Bandanna refers to any brightly coloured and printed scarf for the neck or head. Originally, the term derived from the word “bandhna” (Hindi for tying), and referred to a variety of brightly coloured cloth produced through a method of tying and dyeing.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How do the names of different textiles tell us about their histories?*",
          "ans": "The different textiles like ‘muslin’, ‘calico’, ‘chintz’ and ‘bandanna’ have a history to their names:  Muslin: European traders first encountered fine cotton cloth from India carried by Arab merchants in Mosul in present-day Iraq. So they began referring to all finely woven textiles as “muslin”. Calico: The cotton textiles which the Portuguese took back to Europe came to be called “calico” (derived from Calicut), and subsequently calico became the general name for all cotton textiles. <br/> Chintz: It is derived from the Hindi word chhint, a cloth with small and colourful flowery designs. Bandanna: Bandanna refers to any brightly coloured and printed scarf for the neck or head. Originally, the term derived from the word “bandhna” (Hindi for tying), and referred to a variety of brightly coloured cloth produced through a method of tying and dyeing.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why did the wool and silk producers in England protest against the import of Indian textiles in the early eighteenth century?*",
          "ans": "By the early eighteenth century, textile industries had just begun to develop in England. Unable to compete with Indian textiles, English producers wanted a secure market within the country by preventing the entry of Indian textiles. Worried by the popularity of Indian textiles, wool and silk makers in England began protesting against the import of Indian cotton textiles.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How did the development of cotton industries in Britain affect textile producers in India?*",
          "ans": "The development of cotton industries in Britain affected textile producers in India in several ways. First, Indian textiles now had to compete with British textiles in the European and American markets. Second, exporting textiles to England also became increasingly difficult since very high duties were imposed on Indian textiles imported into Britain. <br/> By the beginning of the nineteenth century, English- made cotton textiles successfully ousted Indian goods from their traditional markets in Africa, America and Europe. Thousands of weavers in India were now thrown out of employment. Bengal weavers were the worst hit. English and European companies stopped buying Indian goods. <br/> By the 1830s British cotton cloth flooded Indian markets. In fact, by the 1880s two-thirds of all the cotton clothes worn by Indians were made of cloth produced in Britain. This affected not only specialist weavers but also spinners. Thousands of rural women who made a living by spinning cotton thread were rendered jobless",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What problems did the Indian textile industry face in the early years of its development?*",
          "ans": "In the first few decades of its existence, the textile industry in India faced many problems. The industry found it difficult to compete with the cheap textiles imported from Britain. In most countries, governments supported industrialisation by imposing heavy duties on imports. This eliminated competition and protected infant industries. The colonial government in India usually refused such protection to local industries.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why did the Indian iron smelting industry decline in the nineteenth century?*",
          "ans": "1. One reason was the new forest laws. When the colonial government prevented people from entering the reserved forests, how could the iron smelters find wood for charcoal? Where could they get iron ore? Many gave up their craft and looked for other means of livelihood. <br/> 2. In some areas the government did grant access to the forest. But the iron smelters had to pay a very high tax to the forest department for every furnace they used. This reduced their income. <br/> 3. Moreover, by the late nineteenth century iron and steel was being imported from Britain. Ironsmiths in India began using the imported iron to manufacture utensils and implements. This inevitably lowered the demand for iron produced by local smelters. <br/> 4. Thus, the Indian iron smelting industry declined in the nineteenth century.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What helped TISCO expand steel production during the First World War?*",
          "ans": "In 1914 the First World War broke out. Steel produced in Britain now had to meet the demands of war in Europe. <br/> So imports of British steel into India declined dramatically and the Indian Railways turned to TISCO for supply of rails. <br/> As the war dragged on for several years, TISCO had to produce shells and carriage wheels for the war. <br/> By 1919 the colonial government was buying 90 per cent of the steel manufactured by TISCO. Over time TISCO became the biggest steel industry within the British empire.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch6_co",
    "mcq": "ch6_mcq",
    "saq": "ch6_saq",
    "fib": "ch6_fib",
    "mtf": "ch6_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch6_pbq",
    "snc": "ch6_snc",
    "ctt": "ch6_ctt",
    "un": "ch6_un",
    "afq": "ch6_afq",
    "gowf": "ch6_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch6_dtf",
    "afow": "ch6_afow",
    "grf": "ch6_grf",
    "tf": "ch6_tf",
    "jtf": "ch6_jtf",
    "nf": "ch6_nf",
    "map": "ch6_map",
    "yn": "ch6_yn",
    "laq": "ch6_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch6_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch6_cs",
    "ctco": "ch6_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch7",
    "chapterName": "HISTORY - Chapter 7 - Civilising the “Native”, Educating the Nation",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tJones set up the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and started a journal called Asiatick Researches together with Henry Thomas Colebrooke and Nathaniel Halhed.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tA madrasa was set up in Calcutta in 1781 to promote the study of Arabic, Persian and Islamic law.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tJames Mill was a severe critic of the Orientalists.*\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tJames Mill urged the British government in India to stop wasting public money in promoting Oriental learning, for it was of no practical use.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe 1854 Despatch on education was in favour of English being introduced as a medium of higher education in India.*\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAdam found that there were over 10 lakh pathshalas in Bengal and Bihar. \n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAfter 1854 the Company decided to improve the system of vernacular education.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe discipline of the new system demanded regular attendance, even during harvest time, so children from poor peasant families were not able to go to pathshalas.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tBritish officials were the only people thinking about education in India.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tMahatma Gandhi thought that promotion of literacy was the most important aim of education.*\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tRabindranath Tagore felt that children ought to be subjected to strict discipline.*\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 11
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In addition to being an expert in law, William Jones was a ____________.",
          "ans": "linguist",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ College was established in Benaras in 1791 to encourage the study of ancient Sanskrit texts.",
          "ans": "The Hindu",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Following _________________ minute, the English Education Act of 1835 was introduced.",
          "ans": "Macaulay’s",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In 1857, universities were being established in _______________________.",
          "ans": "Calcutta, Madras and Bombay",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In the 1830s, _________________, a Scottish missionary, toured the districts of Bengal and Bihar.",
          "ans": "William Adam",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Up to the mid-nineteenth century, the Company was concerned primarily with ____________ education.",
          "ans": "higher",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Pathshalas which accepted the new rules were supported through ___________________.",
          "ans": "government grants",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "___________________ strongly felt that Indian languages ought to be the medium of teaching.",
          "ans": "Mahatma Gandhi",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ argued that education ought to develop a person’s _________________ and soul .",
          "ans": "Mahatma Gandhi, mind",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ felt that childhood ought to be a time of self-learning.",
          "ans": "Tagore",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How was the system of education during 1830s?",
          "ans": "The system of education was flexible. There were no fixed fee, no printed books, no separate school building, no benches or chairs, no blackboards, no system of separate classes, no roll-call registers, no annual examinations, and no regular time-table. In some places classes were held under a banyan tree, in other places in the corner of a village shop or temple, or at the guru’s home. Fees depended on the income of parents: the rich had to pay more than the poor. Teaching was oral, and the guru decided what to teach, in accordance with the needs of the students. Students were not separated out into different classes: all of them sat together in one place. The guru interacted separately with groups of children with different levels of learning.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How did Adam discover that flexible system of education was suited to local needs?",
          "ans": "Adam discovered that flexible system was suited to local needs. For instance, classes were not held during harvest time when rural children often worked in the fields. The pathshala started once again when the crops had been cut and stored. This meant that even children of peasant families could study.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What measures did the Company undertake to improve the system of vernacular education?",
          "ans": "The Company appointed a number of government pandits, each in charge of looking after four to five schools. The task of the pandit was to visit the pathshalas and try and improve the standard of teaching.Each guru was asked to submit periodic reports and take classes according to a regular timetable. Teaching was now to be based on textbooks and learning was to be tested through a system of annual examination. Students were asked to pay a regular fee, attend regular classes, sit on fixed seats, and obey the new rules of discipline.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why did Mahatma Gandhi want to teach children handicrafts?*",
          "ans": "Mahatma Gandhi wanted to teach children handicrafts, to work with their hands, and know how different things operated as it would develop their mind and their capacity to understand.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why did Mahatma Gandhi think that English education had enslaved Indians?*",
          "ans": "Mahatma Gandhi argued that colonial education created a sense of inferiority in the minds of Indians. It made them see Western civilisation as superior, and destroyed the pride they had in their own culture. It cast an evil spell on them. Charmed by the West, appreciating everything that came from the West, Indians educated in these institutions began admiring British rule. Mahatma Gandhi wanted an education that could help Indians recover their sense of dignity and self-respect. There was poison in this education, said Mahatma Gandhi; it was sinful, it enslaved Indians.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Where did Rabindranath Tagore choose to set up his school?",
          "ans": "Tagore was of the view that creative learning could be encouraged only in a natural environment. So he chose to set up his school 100 kilometres away from Calcutta, in a rural setting. He saw it as an abode of peace (Santiniketan), where living in harmony with nature, children could cultivate their natural creativity.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why did William Jones feel the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law?*",
          "ans": "He shared a deep respect for ancient cultures, both of India and the West. He felt that Indian civilisation had attained its glory in the ancient past, but had subsequently declined. In order to understand India it was necessary to discover the sacred and legal texts that were produced in the ancient period. For only those texts could reveal the real ideas and laws of the Hindus and Muslims, and only a new study of these texts could form the basis of future development in India. He believed it would not only help the British learn from Indian culture, but it would also help Indians rediscover their own heritage, and understand the lost glories of their past.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why did James Mill and Thomas Macaulay think that European education was essential in India?*",
          "ans": "As per James Mill, Indians should be made familiar with the scientific and technical advances that the West had made, rather than with the poetry and sacred literature of the Orient. Thomas Babington Macaulay urged the British government in India to stop wasting public money in promoting Oriental learning, for it was of no practical use. He felt that knowledge of English would allow Indians to read some of the finest literature the world had produced; it would make them aware of the developments in Western science and philosophy. Teaching of English could thus be a way of civilising people, changing their tastes, values and culture.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch7_co",
    "mcq": "ch7_mcq",
    "saq": "ch7_saq",
    "fib": "ch7_fib",
    "mtf": "ch7_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch7_pbq",
    "snc": "ch7_snc",
    "ctt": "ch7_ctt",
    "un": "ch7_un",
    "afq": "ch7_afq",
    "gowf": "ch7_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch7_dtf",
    "afow": "ch7_afow",
    "grf": "ch7_grf",
    "tf": "ch7_tf",
    "jtf": "ch7_jtf",
    "nf": "ch7_nf",
    "map": "ch7_map",
    "yn": "ch7_yn",
    "laq": "ch7_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch7_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch7_cs",
    "ctco": "ch7_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch8",
    "chapterName": "HISTORY - Chapter 8 - Women, Caste and Reform",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn 1829, Sati was banned.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tRammohun Roy used the ancient texts to suggest that widows could remarry.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tRammohun Roy was keen to spread the knowledge of Western education in the country and bring about greater freedom and equality for women.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tSocial reformers had to discard the ancient texts in order to argue for reform in social practices.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tReformers got full support from all sections of the people of the country.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe Child Marriage Restraint Act was passed in1829.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn 1855, Phule wrote a book named <i>Gulamgiri</i> meaning slavery.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn 1927, Ambedkar started a temple entry movement.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tPhule did not extend his criticism of the caste system to argue against all forms of inequality.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tWhen the British captured Bengal they framed many new laws to regulate the rules regarding marriage, adoption, inheritance of property, etc.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 10
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Rammohun Roy was well versed in ____________, ____________ and several other ____________ and ____________ languages.",
          "ans": "Sanskrit, Persian, Indian, Europeon",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A law was passed by British officials in 1856 permitting _________________.",
          "ans": "widow remarriage",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Schools for girls were established by Arya Samaj in _________________ and Jyotirao Phule in _________________.",
          "ans": "Punjab, Maharashtra",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Pandita _________________, a great scholar of Sanskrit, felt that Hinduism was oppressive towards women.",
          "ans": "Ramabai",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In Bombay, the _________________ Mandali was founded in 1840 to work for the abolition of caste.",
          "ans": "Paramhans",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The Satnami movement in Central India was founded by _________________.",
          "ans": "Ghasidas",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ founded the Self Respect Movement.",
          "ans": "Periyar",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Who founded Brahmo Samaj and where?",
          "ans": "Raja Rammohun Roy founded a reform association known as Brahmo Sabha which later came to be known as Brahmo Samaj in Calcutta.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Who founded Arya Samaj?",
          "ans": "Swami Dayanand founded the reform association known as Arya Samaj.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which book was published by Tarabai Shinde and what has she described in that book?",
          "ans": "Tarabai Shinde, a woman educated at home at Poona, published a book, Stripurushtulna. She has described a comparison between women and men and criticised the social differences between men and women.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the leaders who lent their support to demands for greater equality and freedom for women.",
          "ans": "Leaders such as Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose lent their support to demands for greater equality and freedom for women.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How did the knowledge of ancient texts help the reformers promote new laws?",
          "ans": "Whenever the reformers wished to challenge a practice that seemed harmful, they tried to find a verse or sentence in the ancient sacred texts that supported their point of view. They then suggested that the practice as it existed at present was against early tradition.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What were the different reasons people had for not sending girls to school?",
          "ans": "Earlier people feared that schools would take girls away from home, prevent them from doing their domestic duties. Moreover, girls had to travel through public places in order to reach school. Many people felt that this would have a bad influence on them. They felt that girls should stay away from public spaces.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Who started setting up schools for tribal groups?",
          "ans": "During the course of the nineteenth century, Christian missionaries began setting up schools for tribal groups and “lower”-caste children. These children were thus equipped with some resources to make their way into a changing world.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give information about Jyotirao Phule.",
          "ans": "One of the most vocal amongst the “low caste” leaders was Jyotirao Phule. Born in 1827, he studied in schools set up by Christian missionaries. On growing up he developed his own ideas about the injustices of caste society. He set out to attack the Brahmans’ claim that they were superior to others, since they were Aryans.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which association was founded by Jyotirao Phule and why?",
          "ans": "Jyotirao Phule founded an association known as the Satyashodhak Samaj to propagate caste equality.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the great dalit leaders who continued the movement for caste reform.",
          "ans": "Dr. B.R. Ambedkar in western India and E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker in the south were the great dalit leaders who continued the movement for caste reform.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why were Christian missionaries attacked by many people in the country? Did some people support them? If so, for what reasons?",
          "ans": "Christian missionaries opened schools for tribal and lower caste children. Thus, many orthodox people attacked the Christian missionaries whereas various social reformers supported them for their work against social evils.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In the British period, what new opportunities opened up for people who came from castes that were regarded as “low”?",
          "ans": "Education helps them change their world. The poor from the villages and small towns, many of them from low castes, began moving to the cities where there was a new demand for labour. Some also went to work in plantations in Assam, Mauritius, Trinidad and Indonesia. Work in the new locations was often very hard. But the poor, the people from low castes, saw this as an opportunity.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How did Jyotirao, the reformer, justify his criticism of caste inequality in society?",
          "ans": "Jyotirao Phule set out to attack the Brahmans’ claim that they were superior to others since they were Aryans. Phule argued that the Aryans were foreigners, who came from outside the subcontinent, and defeated and subjugated the true children of the country – those who had lived here from before the coming of the Aryans. According to Phule, the “upper” castes had no right to their land and power: in reality, the land belonged to indigenous people, the so-called low castes.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why did Phule dedicate his book Gulamgiri to the American movement to free slaves?",
          "ans": "The Civil Rights Movement in America helped in ending slavery and racial discrimination. Hence, Phule dedicated his book Gulamgiri to the American movement to free slaves.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What did Ambedkar want to achieve through the temple entry movement?",
          "ans": "Earlier, dalits were not allowed to enter temples. By organising the temple entry movement, Ambedkar wanted to regain the self-respect.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why were Jyotirao Phule and Ramaswamy Naicker critical of the national movement? Did their criticism help the national struggle in any way?",
          "ans": "Jyoti Rao Phule was critical of nationalism preached by upper castes. He wrote that they give advice to Shudra, Muslim and Parsi youth to forget their differences and come together for progress of nation, later it will be “Me here and you over there” all over again. E V Ramaswamy Naicker became member of Congress. But when he saw seating arrangements on the basis of caste discrimination, he left it in disgust. Their assertions, forceful speeches and writings did lead to a rethink and self-criticism among the upper-caste nationalist leaders.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch8_co",
    "mcq": "ch8_mcq",
    "saq": "ch8_saq",
    "fib": "ch8_fib",
    "mtf": "ch8_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch8_pbq",
    "snc": "ch8_snc",
    "ctt": "ch8_ctt",
    "un": "ch8_un",
    "afq": "ch8_afq",
    "gowf": "ch8_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch8_dtf",
    "afow": "ch8_afow",
    "grf": "ch8_grf",
    "tf": "ch8_tf",
    "jtf": "ch8_jtf",
    "nf": "ch8_nf",
    "map": "ch8_map",
    "yn": "ch8_yn",
    "laq": "ch8_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch8_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch8_cs",
    "ctco": "ch8_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch9",
    "chapterName": "HISTORY - Chapter 9 - The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn 1885, there was a furore over the attempt by the government to introduce the Ilbert Bill.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe partition of Bengal infuriated people all over India.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe Congress split in 1907.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe Moderate leaders did not want to develop public awareness about the unjust nature of British rule.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn 1919 Gandhiji gave a call for a Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe decade closed with the Congress resolving to fight for Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) in 1929 under the presidentship of Lala Lajpat Rai. \n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tDuring the Rowlatt Satyagraha the participants tried to ensure that Hindus and Muslims were not united in the fight against British rule.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe Rowlatt Satyagraha turned out to be the first all India struggle against the British government.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe government tried to crush the movement of Salt Satyagraha through brutal action against peaceful Satygrahis.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn September 1939, after five years of Congress rule in the provinces, the Second World War broke out.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe joy of India’s Independence from British rule came mixed with the pain and violence of Partition.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\t16th August 1947 was observed as “Direct Action Day”.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 12
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The Arms Act was passed in ____________ disallowing Indians from possessing arms.",
          "ans": "1878",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In 1905 ____________ partitioned Bengal.",
          "ans": "Viceroy Curzon",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The ____________ and the ____________ signed the historic Lucknow Pact.",
          "ans": "Congress, Muslim League",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A retired British official, ____________, played a part in bringing Indians from various regions together.",
          "ans": "A.O. Hume",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The ____________ World War altered the economic and political situation in India.",
          "ans": "First",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Gandhiji arrived in India in ____________ from South Africa.",
          "ans": "1915",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ called off the Non-Cooperation movement.",
          "ans": "Mahatma Gandhi",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In Kheda, Gujarat, ____________ peasants organised non-violent campaigns against the high land revenue demand of the British.",
          "ans": "Patidar",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In ____________, Gandhiji declared that he would lead a march to break the salt law.",
          "ans": "1930",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Gandhiji and his followers marched for over ____________ miles from Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi.",
          "ans": "240",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ gave the slogan “Do or Die.”",
          "ans": "Mahatma Gandhi",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "When was the Indian National Congress established?",
          "ans": "The Indian National Congress was established when 72 delegates from all over the country met at Bombay in December 1885.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Who were the early leaders of Indian National Congress?",
          "ans": "Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji, W.C. Bonnerji, Surendranath Banerji, Romesh Chandra Dutt, S. Subramania Iyer were among the early leaders of Indian National Congress.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What was the slogan raised by Tilak?",
          "ans": "Tilak raised the slogan: “Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it.”",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Who formed All India Muslim League? Where and when?",
          "ans": "A group of Muslim landlords and nawabs formed the All India Muslim League at Dacca in 1906.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why were people dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s?",
          "ans": "Following are the reasons for dissatisfaction of people with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s: <ol><li>The Arms Act was passed in 1878, disallowing Indians from possessing arms. </li><li>In 1878, the Vernacular Press Act was also enacted in an effort to silence those who were critical of the government. </li><li>This act allowed the government to confiscate the assets of newspapers including their printing presses if the newspapers published anything that was found “objectionable.” </li><li>In 1883, there was a furore over the attempt by the government to introduce the Ilbert Bill. </li><li>The bill provided for the trial of British or European persons by Indians and sought equality between British and Indian judges in the country. </li><li>But white opposition forced the government to withdraw the bill.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Who did the Indian National Congress wish to speak for?",
          "ans": "The Indian National Congress wished to speak for the entire people belonging to different communities of India.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Who were the Moderates? How did they propose to struggle against British rule?",
          "ans": "In the first twenty years, the Congress was “moderate” in its objectives and methods. <ol><li>During this period it demanded a greater voice for Indians in the government and in administration. </li><li>It wanted that Indians should be given more representation in the Legislative Councils and given more power. </li><li>Legislative councils should be introduced in provinces where they did not exist. </li><li>It demanded that Indians be placed in high positions in the government. </li><li>For this, it called for civil service examinations to be held in India as well, not just in London. </li><li>The Moderate leaders developed public awareness about the unjust nature of British rule. They published newspapers, wrote articles and showed how British rule was leading to the economic ruin of the country. </li><li>They criticised British rule in their speeches and sent representatives to different parts of the country to mobilise public opinion.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How was the politics of the Radicals within the Congress different from that of the Moderates?",
          "ans": "1. The Radicals within Congress had different opinions. <br/> 2. The Radicals criticised the Moderates for their “politics of prayers’ and gave emphasis on self-reliance and constructive work. <br/> 3. They argued that people must rely on their own strength, not on the “good” intentions of the government. <br/> 4. They argued that people must fight for swaraj. <br/> 5. Unless they fought against the British rule unitedly, they would not bring independence to their country.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What economic impact did the First World War have on India?",
          "ans": "The First World War altered the economic and political situation in India. It led to a huge rise in the defence expenditure of the Government of India. The government in turn increased taxes on individual incomes and business profits. Increased military expenditure and the demands for war supplies led to a sharp rise in prices which created great difficulties for common people. Demand for industrial goods (jute bags, cloth, rails) and a decline of imports from other countries led to the expansion of Indian industry. So, Indian business groups earned a huge profit. On the other hand, business groups reaped fabulous profits from the war.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Where and how did Mahatma Gandhi spend his first year in India?",
          "ans": "Mahatma Gandhi spent his first year in India travelling throughout the country understanding the people, their needs and the overall situation. His earliest interventions were in local movements in Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad where he came into contact with Rajendra Prasad and Vallabhbhai Patel. In Ahmedabad he led a successful millworkers’ strike in 1918.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which two important developments took place in the mid-1920s?",
          "ans": "Two important developments of the mid-1920s were the formation of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu organisation, and the Communist Party of India.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Discuss the various forms of the Non-Cooperation Movement that took place in different parts of India. How did people understand Gandhiji?",
          "ans": "The Non-cooperation Movement remained non-violent at most of the places. <ol><li>The Patidar peasants of Kheda (Gujarat) organised non-violent campaigns against the high land revenue demand. </li><li>Liquor shops were picketed in coastal Andhra and interior Tamil Nadu. </li><li>The tribals and poor peasants in Guntur district (Andhra Pradesh) staged a number of forest Satyagrahas to protest against the new forest laws. </li><li>The Khilafat Non-Cooperation Movement got enormous support in Sind and Bengal. </li><li>In Punjab, the Akali agitation of the Sikhs demanded to remove the corrupt mahants from gurdwaras. </li><li>In Assam, the tea garden labourers demanded a big hike in their wages. </li><li>They shouted the slogan, “Gandhi Maharaj Ki Jai”. </li><li>In many folk songs of Assam, Gandhiji was referred to as “Gandhi Raja.” People’s respect for Gandhiji: </li><li>People thought of Gandhiji as a messiah, as someone who could help them overcome their misery and poverty. </li><li>Agricultural labourers believed Mahatma Gandhi would provide them land and get taxes reduced. </li><li>Gandhiji wished to build class unity, not class conflict; yet peasants could imagine that he would help them in their fight against zamindars.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why did Gandhiji choose to break the salt law?",
          "ans": "The Britishers started imposing a tax on salt. Mahatma Gandhi along with other nationalists reasoned that it was sinful to tax salt since it is such an essential item of our food. It is required equally by the rich and the poor. So, Gandhiji chose to break the salt law.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How did Gandhiji break the salt law?",
          "ans": "Gandhiji and his followers marched for over 240 miles from Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi where they broke the government law by gathering natural salt found on the seashore and boiling sea water to produce salt and thus broke the salt law.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What did the Muslim League resolution of 1940 ask for?",
          "ans": "The Muslim League resolution of 1940 asked for “Independent States’ for Muslims in the north-western and eastern areas of the country. The resolution did not mention partition or the name Pakistan.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Discuss those developments of the 1937–47 period that led to the creation of Pakistan.",
          "ans": "Developments of 1937–1947 period leading to the creation of Pakistan: <ol><li>Muslim League was formed in 1906 but Congress’s failure to mobilise the Muslim masses in the 1920s allowed the League to widen its social support. </li><li>In the election results of 1937, the Muslim League got very less seats, even in areas where a large number of Muslims lived making made them feel as a minority community. </li><li>In 1940, two nation theory was floated by the Muslim League. </li><li>Elections in the provinces were again held in 1946. Congress did well in the “General” constituencies but the League’s success in the seats reserved for Muslims was spectacular. So the League persisted with its demand for “Pakistan”. </li><li>In March 1946 the British cabinet sent a three-member mission to Delhi to examine this demand and to suggest a suitable political framework for a free India. </li><li>This mission suggested that India should remain united and constitute itself as a loose confederation with some autonomy for Muslim-majority areas. </li><li>But it could not get the Congress and the Muslim League to agree to specific details of the proposal. </li><li>After the failure of the Cabinet Mission, the Muslim League decided on mass agitation for winning its Pakistan demand and announced 16 August 1946 as “Direct Action Day”. </li><li>On this day riots broke out in Calcutta, lasting several days and resulting in the death of thousands of people, mostly Hindus. </li><li>By March 1947, violence had spread to different parts of northern India. </li><li>Finally, the demand for the Partition of India was finalised, and “Pakistan” was born.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch9_co",
    "mcq": "ch9_mcq",
    "saq": "ch9_saq",
    "fib": "ch9_fib",
    "mtf": "ch9_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch9_pbq",
    "snc": "ch9_snc",
    "ctt": "ch9_ctt",
    "un": "ch9_un",
    "afq": "ch9_afq",
    "gowf": "ch9_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch9_dtf",
    "afow": "ch9_afow",
    "grf": "ch9_grf",
    "tf": "ch9_tf",
    "jtf": "ch9_jtf",
    "nf": "ch9_nf",
    "map": "ch9_map",
    "yn": "ch9_yn",
    "laq": "ch9_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch9_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch9_cs",
    "ctco": "ch9_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch10",
    "chapterName": "HISTORY - Chapter 10 - India after Independence",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tUnity and development do not go hand in hand.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIAt the time of Independence, the majority of Indians lived in villages.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tOne feature of the Constitution was its adoption of Universal Adult Franchise.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn India, English is used in the courts, in services and communications between one state and another.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tJawaharlal Nehru was the Chairman of the Drafting committee of the Indian Constitution.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tMany Indians contributed to the framing of the Indian Constitution. \n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe Constituent Assembly was made up of members of the Congress party.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn the first national election, only men were allowed to vote.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tBoth Prime Minister Nehru and Deputy Prime Minister Vallabhbhai Patel were against the creation of linguistic states.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn 1970, the bilingual state of Bombay was divided into separate states for Marathi and Gujarati speakers.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe protests after the death of Potti Sriramulu were so widespread and intense that the central government was forced to give in to the demand for the separate state of Andhra Pradesh.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn 1956, the Second Five Year Plan was formulated.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe Second Five Year Plan neglected primary education.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe Second Five Year Plan focused on the development of heavy industry.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIndia is still a united and democratic country.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe Constitution of India does not recognise the equality before law.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 16
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Farmers and peasants were dependent on the ____________ for their survival.",
          "ans": "monsoon",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "There was the problem of the princely states, almost 500 of them, each ruled by a ____________ or a ____________, each of whom had to be persuaded to join the new nation.",
          "ans": "Maharaja, Nawab",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Besides Muslims, India also had large populations of ____________ and  ____________,as well as many ____________ and ____________.",
          "ans": "Sikhs, Christians, Parsis, Jains",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The Constitution sought to balance the competing claims by providing ____________ lists of subjects.",
          "ans": "three",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________ is the official language of India.",
          "ans": "Hindi",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Under the supervision of ___________________, the document of the Constitution was finalised.",
          "ans": "Dr. B.R. Ambedkar",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Subjects that were placed on the Union List were ___________________, ___________________ and ___________________.",
          "ans": "taxes, defence, foreign affairs",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Subjects on the Concurrent List were ___________________ and ___________________.",
          "ans": "forest, agriculture",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The strongest protests came from _________________ speaking district demanding for a different state.",
          "ans": "Telugu",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "On 1 October 1953, the new state of _________________ came into being.",
          "ans": "Andhra Pradesh",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The large Hindi-speaking region of _________________ India was broken up into several states.",
          "ans": "north",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The death of _________________ sparked such violent protests that the government was forced to give in to the demand for the linguistic state of Andhra.",
          "ans": "Potti Sriramulu",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In _________________, the government set up a Planning Commission to help design and execute suitable policies for economic development.",
          "ans": "1950",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Development of heavy and basic industries would be under the control of _________________.",
          "ans": "state",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Economic planning by which both the state and the private sector played a role in development was called a  _________________, _________________ model.",
          "ans": "mixed, economy",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "On _________________, India celebrated sixty years of its existence as a free nation.",
          "ans": "15 August 2007",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Some parts of India and some groups of Indians have benefited a great deal from _________________.",
          "ans": "economic development",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 17
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What different types of diversities did we face at the time of Independence in 1947?",
          "ans": "India’s population in 1947 was large, almost 345 million. It was also divided. There were divisions between high castes and low castes, between the majority Hindu community and Indians who practised other faiths. The citizens of this vast land spoke many different languages, wore many different kinds of dresses, ate different kinds of food and practised different professions.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which problems related to development did we face along with the problem of unity in 1947?",
          "ans": "To the problem of unity was added the problem of development. During Independence, the vast majority of Indians lived in the villages. Farmers and peasants were dependent on the monsoon for their survival. So did the non-farm sector of the rural economy, for if the crops failed, barbers, carpenters, weavers and other service groups would not get paid for their services either. In the cities, factory workers lived in crowded slums with little access to education or health care. Clearly, the new nation had to lift its masses out of poverty by increasing the productivity of agriculture and by promoting new, job-creating industries.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name three problems that the newly independent nation of India faced.",
          "ans": "The three problems that the newly independent nation of India faced are given below: <ol><li>8 million refugees had come into the country from the newly born Pakistan. </li><li>There was a problem of the princely states. There were almost 500 princely states, each ruled by a Maharaja or Nawab, and each of them had to be persuaded to join the new nation. </li><li>The new nation had to adopt a political system that would best serve the hopes and aspirations of the people.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "On which date was the Indian Constitution adopted?",
          "ans": "The Indian Constitution was adopted on 26 January 1950.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is meant by Universal Adult Franchise?",
          "ans": "Universal Adult Franchise means all Indians above the age of 21 would be allowed to vote in state and national elections. This was a revolutionary step — for never before were Indians allowed to choose their own leaders.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How is voting right given in the United Kingdom and the United States?",
          "ans": "In the United Kingdom and the United States, the voting right had been granted in stages. First, only men of property had the vote. Then men who were educated were also added on. Working-class men got the vote only after a long struggle. Finally, after a bitter struggle of their own, American and British women were granted the vote.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What were the different features adopted by our Constitution?",
          "ans": "Following different features were adopted by our Constitution: <ol><li>Universal Adult Franchise </li><li>Guaranteed equality before the law to all its citizens </li><li>The practice of untouchability was abolished.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Discuss different matters included in the Union list, State list and Concurrent list.",
          "ans": "The Constitution sought to balance between the competing claims by providing three lists of subjects: <ol><li>Union List, with subjects such as taxes, defence and foreign affairs, which would be the exclusive responsibility of the Centre; </li><li>State List of subjects, such as education and health, which would be taken care of principally by the states; </li><li>Concurrent List, under which subjects would come such as forests and agriculture, in which the Centre and the states would have joint responsibility.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What did Dr. Ambedkar mean when he said, “In politics we will have equality, and in social and economic life we will have inequality”?",
          "ans": "“In politics we will have equality, and in social and economic life we will have inequality”, by this statement, Dr. Ambedkar meant that in politics, we will be recognising the principle of one man, one vote and one value. But this would not automatically remove inequality between castes, rich or poor. In our social and economic life, the principle of one man, one value will still be denied.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give one reason why English continued to be used in India after Independence.?",
          "ans": "English continued to be used in India after Independence because south Indian states expressed strong opposition to Hindi.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the leader who went on a hunger strike for the formation of Andhra?",
          "ans": "A veteran Gandhian named Potti Sriramulu went on a hunger fast demanding the formation of Andhra state to protect the interests of Telugu speakers.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "On which date did Potti Sriramulu die?",
          "ans": "On 15 December 1952, fifty-eight days into his fast, Potti Sriramulu died.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "When was Punjab divided? Into which two states was it divided?",
          "ans": "In 1966, the state of Punjab was divided into Punjab and Haryana.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "After Independence, why was there a reluctance to divide the country on Linguistic lines?",
          "ans": "Back in the 1920s, the Indian National Congress — the main party of the freedom struggle — had promised that once the country won independence, each major linguistic group would have its own province. However, after independence, the Congress did not take any steps to honour this promise. India had been divided on the basis of religion, despite the wishes and efforts of Mahatma Gandhi, and freedom had come not to one nation but to two. As a result of the partition of India, more than a million people had been killed in riots between Hindus and Muslims. <br/> Both Prime Minister Nehru and Deputy Prime Minister Vallabhbhai Patel were against the creation of linguistic states.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "On which matters did the Second Five Year Plan focus on?",
          "ans": "The Second Five Year Plan focused strongly on the development of heavy industries such as steel and on the building of large dams.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What was the major objective for the development of the new nation?",
          "ans": "Lifting India and Indians out of poverty, and building a modern, technical and industrial base were among the major objectives of the new nation.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is meant by “mixed economy”?",
          "ans": "Mixed economy means where both the State and the private sector would play important and complementary roles in increasing production and generating jobs.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What was the role of the Planning Commission?",
          "ans": "1. Lifting India and Indians out of poverty, and building a modern, technical and industrial base were among the major objectives of the new nation. <br/> 2. In 1950, the government set up a Planning Commission to help design and execute suitable policies for economic development. <br/> 3. There was a broad agreement on what was called a “mixed economy” model. <br/> 4. Here, both the State and the private sector would play important and complementary roles in increasing production and generating jobs. <br/> 5. What, specifically, these roles were to be — which industries should be initiated by the state and which by the market, how to achieve a balance between the different regions and states — was to be defined by the Planning Commission. <br/> 6. To make 5 years plan",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How was the economic development of India visualised in the early decades after Independence?",
          "ans": "In 1950, the government set up a Planning Commission to help design and execute suitable policies for economic development. There was a broad agreement on the “mixed economy” model. Here, both the State and the private sector would play important and complementary roles in increasing production and generating jobs. Now, it was on the Planning Commission to define which industries should be initiated by the state and which by the market and how to achieve a balance between the different regions and states.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What discrimination took place in rural India?",
          "ans": "In many parts of rural India, people were not allowed access to water sources, temples, parks and other public places.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How can we say that in India we have unity in diversity?",
          "ans": "In India, people speak different languages, practise different faiths and still live unitedly in one country and has never come in the way of national unity. Thus, we can say that in India, we have unity in diversity.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch10_co",
    "mcq": "ch10_mcq",
    "saq": "ch10_saq",
    "fib": "ch10_fib",
    "mtf": "ch10_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch10_pbq",
    "snc": "ch10_snc",
    "ctt": "ch10_ctt",
    "un": "ch10_un",
    "afq": "ch10_afq",
    "gowf": "ch10_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch10_dtf",
    "afow": "ch10_afow",
    "grf": "ch10_grf",
    "tf": "ch10_tf",
    "jtf": "ch10_jtf",
    "nf": "ch10_nf",
    "map": "ch10_map",
    "yn": "ch10_yn",
    "laq": "ch10_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch10_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch10_cs",
    "ctco": "ch10_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch11",
    "chapterName": "GEOGRAPHY - Chapter 1 - Resources",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe discovery of fire led to the practice of cooking.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tBeautiful landscape has economic value.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tValue means the exclusive right over any idea or invention.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tPeople are human resources.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tPeople use natural resources to make buildings, bridges, roads, machinery and vehicles, which are known as human resources.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tNon-renewable resources are those which get renewed or replenished quickly.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tNatural resources can be broadly categorised into renewable and non-renewable resources.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe future of our planet and its people is linked with our ability to maintain and preserve the life support system that nature provides.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tElectricity comes from water and coal.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe damage to natural environmental system should not be minimised.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tWe should minimise the depletion of natural resources.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 11
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Value means ____________.",
          "ans": "worth",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The invention of the ____________ resulted in the development of newer modes of transport.",
          "ans": "wheel",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________ and ____________ are two important factors that can change substances into resources.",
          "ans": "Time, technology",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Resources are generally classified into ____________, ____________ and human.",
          "ans": "natural, human made",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Natural resources can be broadly categorized into ___________________ and  ___________________ resources.",
          "ans": "renewable, non-renewable",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is a human made resource",
          "ans": "Technology",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Using resources carefully and giving them time to get renewed is called ___________________.",
          "ans": "resource conservation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Balancing the need to use resources and also conserving them for the future is called _______________________.",
          "ans": "sustainable development",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Each person can contribute by reducing consumption, _________________ and _________________ things.",
          "ans": "recycling, reusing",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Many _________________ are cut down to make paper.",
          "ans": "trees",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is a resource?",
          "ans": "Anything that is useful to satisfy a need is a resource.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why are people themselves the most important resource?",
          "ans": "People themselves are the most important resource because it is their ideas, knowledge, inventions and discoveries that lead to the creation of more resources. Each discovery or invention leads to many others.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is technology?",
          "ans": "Technology is the application of the latest knowledge and skill in doing or making things.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is meant by natural resources?",
          "ans": "Resources that are drawn from nature and used without much modification are called natural resources.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Differentiate between potential and actual resources.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Potential Resources",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Potential resources are those whose entire quantity may not be known.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Potential resources are not being used at present but could be used in future.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. The present level of technology is not efficient enough to utilise them.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. The uranium found in Ladakh is an example of potential resource that could be used in the future.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Actual Resources",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Actual resources are those resources whose quantity is known.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Actual resources are being used currently.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "The present level of technology is efficient enough to utilise them.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "The rich deposits of coal in Ruhr region of Germany and petroleum in the West Asia, the dark soils of the Deccan plateau in Maharashtra are all actual resources.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain resources based on their origin.",
          "ans": "1. Based on their origin, resources can be abiotic or biotic. <br/> 2. Abiotic resources are non-living while biotic resources are living. <br/> 3. Soils, rocks and minerals are abiotic but plants and animals are biotic resources.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable resources.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Renewable Resources",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Renewable resources are those which get renewed or replenished quickly.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Example: solar and windenergy",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Non-Renewable Resources",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Non-renewable resources are those which have a limited stock.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Example: coal, petroleum, natural gas",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Differentiate between ubiquitous and localised resources.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Ubiquitous Resources",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Resources that are found everywhere, like the air we breathe, are ubiquitous.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Their presence is not administered by physical condition.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. Example: air, water, soil, etc.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Localised Resources",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Those which are found only in certain places are localised, like copper and iron ore.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Their presence is administered by physical condition.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Example: minerals, oil, etc.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is meant by human resource development?",
          "ans": "Improving the quality of people’s skills so that they are able to create more resources is known as human resource development.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why are human resources important?",
          "ans": "Human resources are important because people can make the best use of nature to create more resources when they have the knowledge, skill and the technology to do so. That is why human beings are a special resource. People are human resources. ",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is resource conservation?",
          "ans": "Resource conservation is the using of resources in an efficient way and allowing them to be renewed.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is meant by resource conservation?",
          "ans": "Using resources carefully and giving them time to get renewed is called resource conservation.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is sustainable development?",
          "ans": "Balancing the need to use resources and also conserving them for the future is called sustainable development.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List some principles of sustainable development.",
          "ans": "1. Respect and care for all forms of life <br/> 2. Improve the quality of human life <br/> 3. Conserve the earth’s vitality and diversity <br/> 4. Minimise the depletion of natural resources <br/> 5. Change personal attitude and practices towards the environment <br/> 6. Enable communities to care for their own environment",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch11_co",
    "mcq": "ch11_mcq",
    "saq": "ch11_saq",
    "fib": "ch11_fib",
    "mtf": "ch11_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch11_pbq",
    "snc": "ch11_snc",
    "ctt": "ch11_ctt",
    "un": "ch11_un",
    "afq": "ch11_afq",
    "gowf": "ch11_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch11_dtf",
    "afow": "ch11_afow",
    "grf": "ch11_grf",
    "tf": "ch11_tf",
    "jtf": "ch11_jtf",
    "nf": "ch11_nf",
    "map": "ch11_map",
    "yn": "ch11_yn",
    "laq": "ch11_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch11_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch11_cs",
    "ctco": "ch11_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch12",
    "chapterName": "GEOGRAPHY - Chapter 2 - Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tLand is among the most important natural resources.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe quality of land is same in all parts of the world.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tPrivate land is owned by individuals.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe availability of land is unlimited.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tCommunity land are also called common property resources.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIndividual land is used for collection of fodder, fruits, nuts or medicinal herbs.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tHuman factors do not lead to degradation of soil.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tSoil is made up of organic matter, minerals and weathered rocks found on the earth.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tUnder rock dam method of soil conservation, rocks are piled up to slow down the flow of water.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tSoil is closely linked to land.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tFresh water accounts for only about 2.7%.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThere is a scarcity of water in many regions of the world.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tWater harvesting is another method to save surface runoff.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIncreasing population and rising demands for food and cash crops is not responsible for shortage of water.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAnimals big or small, all are integral to maintain balance in the ecosystem.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThere are innumerable uses of plants.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAquatic life is not a part of wildlife.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tEvergreen forests do not shed their leaves simultaneously in any season of the year.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAs the amount of moisture decreases, the size of trees and their density increases.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThere is an urgent need to conserve our valuable resource.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 20
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe major vegetation types of the world are grouped as forests, grasslands, scrubs and tundra.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 21
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tNational parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves are made to protect our natural vegetation and wildlife.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 22
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThere is a balance in the environment even if the relative number of species is disturbed.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 23
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tConservation of plants and animals is not an ethical duty of every citizen.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 24
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tChanges of climate and human interferences can cause the loss of natural habitats for plants and animals.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 25
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________ covers about 30% of the total area of the earth’s surface.",
          "ans": "Land",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Plains and river valleys offer suitable land for _______________.",
          "ans": "agriculture",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Land can also be divided on the basis of _______________ and _______________.",
          "ans": "private land, community land",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Community land is used by the _______________.",
          "ans": "community",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The use of land is determined by _______________ factors.",
          "ans": "physical",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Growing population and their ever growing demand has led to a large scale _______________ of forest cover",
          "ans": "destruction",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The right mix of minerals and organic matter makes the soil  _______________.",
          "ans": "fertile",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ and _______________ are the major threats to soil as a resource.",
          "ans": "Soil erosion, depletion",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In the _______________ and _______________ regions, rows of trees are planted to check the wind movement to protect soil cover.",
          "ans": "coastal, dry",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The bare ground between plants is covered with a layer of organic matter like straw. It helps to retain _______________.",
          "ans": "soil moisture",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Three fourths of the earth surface is covered with _______________.",
          "ans": "water",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Countries located in _______________ most susceptible to droughts face great problems of water scarcity.",
          "ans": "climatic zones",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Water is used for _______________ fields.",
          "ans": "irrigating",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ effectively irrigate the area by checking water losses through seepage and evaporation.",
          "ans": "Sprinklers",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Insects like _______________ provide us honey.",
          "ans": "bees",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Vegetation and wildlife are _______________ resources.",
          "ans": "valuable",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The life supporting system is known as the _______________.",
          "ans": "ecosystem",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The growth of vegetation depends primarily on _______________ and  _______________.",
          "ans": "temperature, moisture",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Forest cover all over the world is _______________ rapidly.",
          "ans": "vanishing",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "To feed the growing numbers, large areas of forests have been cleared to grow _______________.",
          "ans": "crops",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 20
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Tundra vegetation of cold _______________ Regions comprises of mosses and lichens.",
          "ans": "Polar",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 21
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ activities in several parts of the world have disturbed the natural habitats of many species.",
          "ans": "Human",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 22
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Forests are our _______________.",
          "ans": "wealth",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 23
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Many species have become _______________ or _______________ and some are on the verge of extinction .",
          "ans": "vulnerable, endangered",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 24
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Conservation of creeks, lakes and wetlands is necessary to save the precious resource from _______________.",
          "ans": "depletion",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 25
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why is there uneven distribution of population in different parts of the world?",
          "ans": "The uneven distribution of population in different parts of the world is mainly due to varied characteristics of land and climate.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How much percentage of earth’s surface is covered with land?",
          "ans": "30% of earth’s surface is covered with land. ",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why is land considered an important resource?",
          "ans": "Land is an important resource because it is used for different purposes such as agriculture, forestry, mining, building houses, roads and setting up of industries.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write any two reasons for land degradation today.",
          "ans": "1. Ever-growing demand of the growing population <br/> 2. Destruction of forest cover",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which human factors are important determinants of land use pattern?",
          "ans": "Human factors such as population and technology are important determinants of land use pattern.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List the activities which are the major threats to the environment.",
          "ans": "Land degradation, landslides, soil erosion and desertification are the major threats to the environment.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which methods are used to conserve land?",
          "ans": "Afforestation, land reclamation, regulated use of chemical pesticide and fertilisers and check on overgrazing are some of the common methods used to conserve land.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is soil?",
          "ans": "The thin layer of grainy substance covering the surface of the earth is called soil.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which factors are responsible for soil formation?",
          "ans": "The major factors of soil formation are the nature of the parent rock and climatic factors. Other factors are the topography, role of organic material and time taken for the composition of soil formation.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation?",
          "ans": "Temperature and rainfall are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation. Rainfall contributes in breaking the rocks by applying pressure. Temperature fluctuations between hot and cold also form cracks in the rocks.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the methods of soil conservation.",
          "ans": "Mulching, contour barriers, rock dam, terrace farming, intercropping, contour ploughing, shelter belts",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which factors lead to soil degradation?",
          "ans": "Factors which lead to soil degradation are deforestation, overgrazing, overuse of chemical fertilisers or pesticides, rain wash, landslides and floods.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Suggest three ways to conserve water.",
          "ans": "1. Rainwater harvesting: It is a method of collecting water while it rains so that it may be of use in the future. <br/> 2. The canals used for irrigation should be properly built so that loss of water does not take place while the water is transported to the field. <br/> 3. In dry regions, drip  or trickle irrigation is suggested.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Where is fresh water found?",
          "ans": "Fresh water is found as ground water, as surface water in rivers and lakes, and as water vapor in the atmosphere.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain ‘water cycle’.",
          "ans": "Water can neither be added nor subtracted from the earth. Its total volume remains constant. Its abundance only seems to vary because it is in constant motion, cycling through the oceans, the air, the land and back again, through the processes of evaporation, precipitation and run-off. This cycle is termed as water cycle.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List the activities where water is used.",
          "ans": "Water is used for drinking, washing, production, agriculture, industries, generating electricity through reservoirs of dams and for many other purposes.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List down the countries which are facing the problem of shortages in fresh water supply.",
          "ans": "Most of Africa, West Asia, South Asia, parts of western USA, north-west Mexico, Parts of South America and the entire Australia are facing the problem of shortages in fresh water supply. ",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What pollutes the water?",
          "ans": "Discharge of untreated or partially treated sewage, agricultural chemicals and industrial effluents in water bodies are major contaminants. They pollute water with nitrates, metals and pesticides.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List down the uses of plants.",
          "ans": "Plants provide us with timber, give shelter to animals, produce oxygen we breathe, protect soils so essential for growing crops, act as shelter belts, help in storage of underground water, and give us fruits, nuts, latex, turpentine oil, gum, medicinal plants and paper.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Who are considered as vital cleanser of the environment?",
          "ans": "Birds feed on insects and act as decomposers as well. Vulture, due to its ability to feed on dead livestock, is a scavenger and is considered a vital cleanser of the environment.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What does wildlife include and what do they provide?",
          "ans": "Wildlife includes animals, birds, insects as well as aquatic life forms. They provide us milk, meat, hides and wool. Insects like bees provide us honey, help in pollination of flowers and have an important role to play as decomposers in the ecosystem. The birds feed on insects and act as decomposers as well. ",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which types of trees grow in an area having moderate rainfall and low rainfall?",
          "ans": "In the regions of moderate rainfall, short stunted trees and grasses grow forming the grasslands of the world. In dry areas of low rainfall, thorny shrubs and scrubs grow. In such areas, plants have deep roots and leaves have thorny and waxy surface to reduce loss of moisture by transpiration.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 22,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "State the classification of forests depending on when their trees shed their leaves.",
          "ans": "Forests are broadly classified as evergreen and deciduous depending on when they shed their leaves.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 23,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Show the classification of forests depending on the basis of location in different latitudes.",
          "ans": "Forests are classified as tropical or temperate based on their location in different latitudes.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 24,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "State the main difference between evergreen and deciduous forests.",
          "ans": "Evergreen forests do not shed their leaves simultaneously in any season of the year. Deciduous forests shed their leaves in a particular season to conserve loss of moisture through transpiration.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 25,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name any two steps that the government has taken to conserve plants and animals.",
          "ans": "Steps taken by the government include establishment of natural parks and wildlife sanctuaries in different parts of India. Their purpose is conservation of vegetation and wildlife, respectively.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 26,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which factors are responsible for the process of extinction of the great natural resources?",
          "ans": "Deforestation, soil erosion, constructional activities, forest fires, tsunami and landslides are some of the human made and natural factors which together accelerate the process of extinction of the great natural resources.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 27,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which animals need protection from the illegal trades of their nail, skin, teeth, etc.?",
          "ans": "Tiger, lion, elephant, deer, black buck, crocodile, rhinoceros, snow leopard, ostrich and peacock need protection from the illegal trading of their nail, skin, teeth, etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 28,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List down the steps to be followed to conserve natural vegetation.",
          "ans": "Many countries have passed laws declaring that the trades as well as killing of birds and animals are illegal. <br/> In India, killing of lions, tigers, deer, great Indian bustards and peacocks have been banned. <br/> An international convention CITES has been established that lists several species of animals and birds in which trade is prohibited. <br/> Conservation of plants and animals is an ethical duty of every citizen.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 29,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give the full form of CITES.",
          "ans": "CITES – Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 30,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch12_co",
    "mcq": "ch12_mcq",
    "saq": "ch12_saq",
    "fib": "ch12_fib",
    "mtf": "ch12_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch12_pbq",
    "snc": "ch12_snc",
    "ctt": "ch12_ctt",
    "un": "ch12_un",
    "afq": "ch12_afq",
    "gowf": "ch12_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch12_dtf",
    "afow": "ch12_afow",
    "grf": "ch12_grf",
    "tf": "ch12_tf",
    "jtf": "ch12_jtf",
    "nf": "ch12_nf",
    "map": "ch12_map",
    "yn": "ch12_yn",
    "laq": "ch12_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch12_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch12_cs",
    "ctco": "ch12_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch13",
    "chapterName": "GEOGRAPHY - Chapter 3 - Mineral and Power Resources",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tCoal is a metallic mineral.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tPetroleum and natural gas occur far below the earth’s surface.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tSalt is not a mineral.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThere are over three thousand different minerals.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tDeep wells are bored to take them out, this is called drilling.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAfrica is rich in mineral resources.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAustralia is a leading producer of gold.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tEurope produces more than half of the world’s tin.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAsia does not have deposits of copper.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIndia is the largest producer and exporter of mica in the world.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tGold mines of Kolar are the deepest in the world.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tCopper is produced in Assam.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tMinerals are used in many industries.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAluminum is obtained from its ore.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe rate of formation is higher than the rate at which humans consume these minerals.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tPetroleum and its derivatives are called Black Gold.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe sharp increase in our consumption of fossil fuels has led to their depletion at an alarming rate.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tCoal is referred as Buried Sunshine.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIndia is a chief petroleum producing country.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tEnergy generated from tides is called tidal energy.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 20
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tOrganic waste such as dead plant and animal material, animal dung and kitchen waste can be converted into a gaseous fuel called geothermal energy.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 21
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe greatest producers of nuclear power are USA and Europe.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 22
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tEnergy saved is energy generated.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 23
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A naturally occurring substance that has a definite chemical composition is a _______________.",
          "ans": "mineral",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Some minerals are found in areas which are not easily accessible such as the ___________________ and ___________________.",
          "ans": "Arctic ocean bed, Antarctica",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Minerals are created by natural processes without any ___________________ interference.",
          "ans": "human",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Minerals can be extracted by  _______________, _______________ or  _______________.",
          "ans": "mining, drilling, quarrying",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Minerals that lie near the surface are simply dug out by the process known as _______________.",
          "ans": "quarrying",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The mineral deposits in North America are located in _______________ zones.",
          "ans": "three",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Chile and Peru are the leading producers of _______________.",
          "ans": "copper",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Australia is the largest producer of _______________ in the world.",
          "ans": "bauxite",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The geology of _______________ is sufficiently well known to predict the existence of a variety of mineral deposits.",
          "ans": "Antarctica",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "India is one of the world’s leading _______________ and _______________ of salt.",
          "ans": "producers, exporters",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Kolar in _______________ has deposits of gold in India.",
          "ans": "Karnataka",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "India has deposits of high grade _______________ ore.",
          "ans": "iron",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Minerals which are used for _______________ are usually hard.",
          "ans": "gems",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is a metal used in everything from coins to pipes.",
          "ans": "Copper",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Minerals are a _______________ resource.",
          "ans": "non-renewable",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Electricity from coal is called _______________.",
          "ans": "thermal power",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ of the world’s electricity is produced by hydel power.",
          "ans": "One-fourth",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The water discharged after the generation of electricity is used for _______________.",
          "ans": "irrigation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is found with petroleum deposits and is released when crude oil is brought to the surface.",
          "ans": "Natural gas",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ trapped from the sun can be used in solar cells to produce electricity.",
          "ans": "Solar energy",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 20
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In India, _______________ and _______________ have large deposits of Uranium.",
          "ans": "Rajasthan, Jharkhand",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 21
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Heat energy obtained from the earth is called ___________________.",
          "ans": "geothermal energy",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 22
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Wind mills have been used for _______________ and _______________ since times immemorial.",
          "ans": "grinding grain, lifting water",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 23
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name any three common minerals used by you every day",
          "ans": "Salt, Aluminum and iron are used every day.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "State the physical and chemical property of a mineral.",
          "ans": "Physical properties of minerals include colour, density, hardness, and chemical property includes solubility.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Draw the chart of minerals showing the classification of minerals on the basis of their composition.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": "ch12a1.jpg",
            "width": "436",
            "height": "161"
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "State the characteristics of minerals.",
          "ans": "1. Metals are hard substances. <br/> 2. They conduct heat and electricity. <br/> 3. They have lustre or shine.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are metallic minerals?",
          "ans": "Metallic minerals contain metal in raw form. Metals are hard substances that conduct heat and electricity and have a characteristic lustre or shine, such as iron ore, bauxite etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are non-metallic minerals?",
          "ans": "Non-metallic minerals do not contain metals. Limestone, mica and gypsum are examples of such minerals. The mineral fuels like coal and petroleum are also non-metallic minerals",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.",
          "ans": "Ferrous minerals like iron ore, manganese and chromites contain iron. A non-ferrous mineral does not contain iron but may contain some other metal such as gold, silver, copper or lead.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is mining? State the ways of mining.",
          "ans": "The process of taking out minerals from rocks buried under the earth’s surface is called mining. Open cast mining and shaft mining are the ways of mining.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Quarrying can become a major environmental concern. Give reason.",
          "ans": "1. Minerals that lie near the surface are simply dug out by the process known as quarrying. <br/> 2. Quarrying can become a major environmental concern because it may destroy the fertility of soil which is required for the growth of plants. <br/> 3. It also increases noise pollution as a lot of noise occurs due to the use of explosives in order to break the huge chunks of rocks. <br/> 4. During this time, a lot of dust is generated which causes air pollution. <br/> 5. After quarrying, pits are not covered so they may cause environmental hazards.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is an ore? Where are the ores of metallic minerals generally located?",
          "ans": "Minerals rich in a particular element that can be extracted profitably are known as ores. Minerals occur in different types of rocks. Some are found in igneous rocks, some in metamorphic rocks while others occur in sedimentary rocks.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which countries have large iron ore deposits in Asia?",
          "ans": "In Asia, China and India have large iron ore deposits.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which mineral deposits are found in eastern Europe and European Russia?",
          "ans": "Mineral deposits of copper, lead, zinc, manganese and nickel are found in eastern Europe and European Russia.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Where is mineral oil found in Africa?",
          "ans": "In Africa, mineral oil is found in Nigeria, Libya and Angola. ",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "From where is salt obtained?",
          "ans": "Salt is obtained from seas, lakes and rocks.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In which states is copper produced?",
          "ans": "Copper is produced in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which minerals are found in India?",
          "ans": "Minerals such as iron, bauxite, mica, copper, manganese, limestone, gold and salt are found in India.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are minerals?",
          "ans": "Minerals are a non-renewable resource. It takes thousands of years for the formation and concentration of minerals.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Where is bauxite used?",
          "ans": "Bauxite is used in automobiles and airplanes, bottling industry, buildings and even in kitchen cookware.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "From where is silicon obtained?",
          "ans": "Silicon, used in the computer industry, is obtained from quartz.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How can mineral resources be conserved?",
          "ans": "Mineral resources can be conserved by recycling metals.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which conventional source of energy is widely used for cooking and heating?",
          "ans": "Firewood is widely used for cooking and heating.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give information about fossil fuel.",
          "ans": "Remains of plants and animals which were buried under the earth for millions of years got converted by the heat and pressure into fossil fuels. Fossil fuel such as coal, petroleum and natural gas are the main sources of conventional energy. The reserves of these minerals are limited.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 22,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In which areas of India is coal produced?",
          "ans": "The coal producing areas of India are Raniganj, Jharia, Dhanbad and Bokaro in Jharkhand.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 23,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Where is petroleum produced in India?",
          "ans": "The producers of petroleum in India are Digboi in Assam, Bombay High in Mumbai and the deltas of Krishna and Godavari rivers.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 24,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the hydel power stations in India.",
          "ans": "Hydel power stations in India are Bhakra Nangal, Gandhi Sagar, Nagarjunsagar and Damodar valley projects.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 25,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain how hydroelectricity is generated.",
          "ans": "Rain water or river water stored in dams is made to fall from heights. The falling water flows through pipes inside the dam over turbine blades placed at the bottom of the dam. The moving blades then turn the generator to produce electricity. This way hydroelectricity is generated.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 26,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name two regions rich in natural gas resources.",
          "ans": "Russia, Norway, UK and the Netherlands are the major producers of natural gas. In India, Jaisalmer, Krishna Godavari delta, Tripura and some areas off shore in Mumbai have natural gas resources.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 27,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why are most industries concentrated around coal mines?",
          "ans": "Coal is used abundantly in industries such as iron and steel. So, industries are concentrated around coal mines so as to save the transportation cost.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 28,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Petroleum is referred to as Black Gold. Give reason.",
          "ans": "The thick black liquid called petroleum is found between the layers of rocks and is drilled from oil fields located in off-shore and coastal areas. This is then sent to refineries which process the crude oil and produce a variety of products like diesel, petrol, kerosene, wax, plastics and lubricants. Petroleum and its derivatives are called Black Gold as they are very valuable.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 29,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give reason: Environmental aspects must be carefully looked into before building huge dams.",
          "ans": "Environmental aspects must be carefully looked into before building huge dams because: <br/> 1. Dams create an imbalance in the earth’s equilibrium. <br/> 2. Large area of vegetation is submerged under the water. <br/> 3. Deforestation leads to environmental pollution. <br/> 4. People are displaced. <br/> 5. Cities/villages/towns are shifted causing untold hardships to people. <br/> 6. Flood threats loom large. <br/> 7. It leads to earthquake threats or flood threats. <br/> 8. Silting of lakes is a problem.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 30,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Where is solar energy used?",
          "ans": "Solar energy is used in solar heaters, solar cookers, solar dryers besides being used for community lighting and traffic signals.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 31,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Where are nuclear power stations located in India?",
          "ans": "In India, the nuclear power stations are located in Kalpakkam in Tamil Nadu, Tarapur in Maharashtra, Ranapratap Sagar near Kota in Rajasthan, Narora in Uttar Pradesh and Kaiga in Karnataka.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 32,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which countries have geothermal power plants?",
          "ans": "Geothermal power plants are located in USA, New Zealand, Iceland, Philippines and Central America.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 33,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which countries have huge tidal mill farms?",
          "ans": "Russia, France and the Gulf of Kachchh in India have huge tidal mill farms.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 34,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch13_co",
    "mcq": "ch13_mcq",
    "saq": "ch13_saq",
    "fib": "ch13_fib",
    "mtf": "ch13_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch13_pbq",
    "snc": "ch13_snc",
    "ctt": "ch13_ctt",
    "un": "ch13_un",
    "afq": "ch13_afq",
    "gowf": "ch13_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch13_dtf",
    "afow": "ch13_afow",
    "grf": "ch13_grf",
    "tf": "ch13_tf",
    "jtf": "ch13_jtf",
    "nf": "ch13_nf",
    "map": "ch13_map",
    "yn": "ch13_yn",
    "laq": "ch13_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch13_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch13_cs",
    "ctco": "ch13_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch14",
    "chapterName": "GEOGRAPHY - Chapter 4 - Agriculture",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tBanking and insurance are examples of secondary activities.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tFavourable topography of soil and climate are vital for agricultural activity.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tLess than 50% persons are engaged in agricultural activity.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe land on which the crops are grown is known as arable land.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe important inputs of farming are seeds, fertilisers, machinery and labour.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn primitive subsistence agriculture, the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labour.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn commercial farming, crops are grown and animals are reared for sale in market.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tWheat and maize are common commercially grown grains.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn subsistence agriculture, the land is used for growing food, fodder crops and rearing livestock.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tTea and coffee are beverage crops.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn India, wheat is grown in summer season.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tCotton is one of the main raw materials for the cotton textile industry.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tMillet was also known as golden fibre.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe ultimate aim of agricultural development is to increase food security.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAgriculture has developed at different places in different parts of the world.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe farmer in India works like a businessman and not like a peasant farmer.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tLarger holdings are more suitable for commercial agriculture.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 17
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Agriculture is a _______________ activity.",
          "ans": "primary",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Two-thirds of India’s population is still dependent on _______________.",
          "ans": "agriculture",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ activities are concerned with the processing of natural resources.",
          "ans": "Secondary",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ activities provide support to the primary and secondary sectors through services.",
          "ans": "Tertiary",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The outputs from the farming system include crops, wool, _______________ and _______________ products.",
          "ans": "dairy, poultry",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Subsistence farming can be further classified as _______________ subsistence and _______________ subsistence farming.",
          "ans": "intensive, primitive",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Shifting cultivation is also known as ___________________ agriculture.",
          "ans": "‘slash and burn’",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In commercial farming, most of the work is done by _______________.",
          "ans": "machines",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Major plantations are found in the _______________ regions of the world.",
          "ans": "tropical",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Crops also supply raw material for _______________ industries.",
          "ans": "agro based",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is the staple diet of the tropical and sub-tropical regions.",
          "ans": "Rice",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Millet can be grown on _______________ fertile and _______________ soil.",
          "ans": "less, sandy",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ requires moderate temperature, rainfall and lots of sunshine.",
          "ans": "Maize",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ of agriculture is also another aspect of agricultural development.",
          "ans": "Mechanisation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A typical farm size in the USA is about  _______________.",
          "ans": "250 hectares",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Developing countries with large populations usually practise _______________ agriculture.",
          "ans": "intensive",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In recent years, the government has taken some steps to develop  _______________ facilites.",
          "ans": "storage",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 17
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is agriculture?",
          "ans": "Agriculture is a primary activity. It includes growing crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers and rearing of livestock.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the factors influencing agriculture.",
          "ans": "Favourable topography of soil and climate are the factors influencing agriculture.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How many types of economic activities are there? What are they?",
          "ans": "There are three types of economic activities. They are primary, secondary and tertiary.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give information about secondary activities.",
          "ans": "Secondary activities are concerned with the processing of natural resources. Manufacturing of steel, baking of bread and weaving of cloth are examples of secondary activities.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Distinguish between primary activities and tertiary activities.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Primary activities",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Primary activities include all those connected with extraction and production of natural resources.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Agriculture, fishing and gathering are examples of primary activities.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Tertiary activities",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Tertiary activities provide support to the primary and secondary sectors through services.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Transport, trade, banking, insurance and advertising are examples of tertiary activities.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is meant by arable land?",
          "ans": "The land on which crops are grown is known as arable land.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the operations involved in farming?",
          "ans": "Ploughing, sowing, irrigation, weeding and harvesting are the operations involved in farming. ",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In India, agriculture is a primary activity. Give reasons.",
          "ans": "1. Primary activities include all those connected with extraction and production of natural resources. <br/> 2. Agriculture includes growing crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers and rearing of livestock. <br/> 3. Thus, in India, agriculture is a primary activity since it directly involves connection with natural resources.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How many types of farming are there? Name them.",
          "ans": "There are two types of farming: subsistence farming and commercial farming.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Where is shifting cultivation and nomadic herding practised?",
          "ans": "Shifting cultivation is practised in the thickly forested areas of Amazon basin, tropical Africa, parts of southeast Asia and Northeast India, whereas nomadic herding is practised in the semi-arid and arid regions of Sahara, Central Asia and some parts of India, like Rajasthan and Jammu and Kashmir.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which things are included in commercial farming?",
          "ans": "Commercial farming includes commercial grain farming, mixed farming and plantation agriculture.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is shifting cultivation? What are its disadvantages?",
          "ans": "Shifting cultivation is a form of agriculture which involves clearing a plot of land by cutting of trees and burning them. The ashes are then mixed with the soil and crops like maize, yam, potatoes and cassava are grown. After the soil loses its fertility, the land is abandoned and the cultivator moves to a new plot. Shifting cultivation is also known as ‘slash and burn’ agriculture. <br/> The disadvantages of Shifting Agriculture are given below: <ol><li>Leads to deforestation </li><li>Small patches of cultivation </li><li>Loss of fertility of a particular land </li><li>Insufficient cultivation of crops for a large population </li><ul><li>Leads to soil erosion </li><li>Burning of trees</li></ul></ol> ",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Distinguish between subsistence farming and intensive farming.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Subsistence farming",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Subsistence farming is practised to meet the needs of the farmer’s family.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. In subsistence farming, farmers use no fertilisers or pesticides.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "3. The farming is done for personal consumption.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "4. Subsistence farming uses low levels of technology and household labour. The output produced is small.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Intensive farming",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Intensive farming is a type of subsistence farming that is done by the farmer to increase production of crops.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "In intensive farming, efficient use of fertilisers and pesticides is done to improve quality of crops.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "The farming is done for gaining profits.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": " In intensive farming, a farmer uses simple tools and more labour to cultivate a small plot of land.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is plantation agriculture?",
          "ans": "1. Plantation agriculture is a type of commercial farming where a single crop like tea, coffee, sugarcane, cashew, rubber, banana or cotton is grown. <br/> 2. Large amount of labour and capital is required.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write a short note on rice.",
          "ans": "1. Rice is the major food crop of the world. <br/> 2. It is the staple diet of the tropical and sub-tropical regions. <br/> 3. Rice needs high temperature, high humidity and rainfall. <br/> 4. It grows best in alluvial clayey soil, which can retain water. <br/> 5. China leads in the production of rice followed by India, Japan, Sri Lanka and Egypt. <br/> 6. In favourable climatic conditions as in West Bengal and Bangladesh, two to three crops a year are grown.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give some information about wheat.",
          "ans": "1. Wheat requires moderate temperature and rainfall during growing season and bright sunshine at the time of harvest. <br/> 2. It thrives best in well drained loamy soil. <br/> 3. Wheat is grown extensively in USA, Canada, Argentina, Russia, Ukraine, Australia and India.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give some information about cotton.",
          "ans": "1. Cotton requires high temperature, light rainfall, two hundred and ten frost-free days and bright sunshine for its growth. <br/> 2. It grows best on black and alluvial soils. <br/> 3. China, USA, India, Pakistan, Brazil and Egypt are the leading producers of cotton. <br/> 4. It is one of the main raw materials for the cotton textile industry.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write a short note on tea and coffee.",
          "ans": "Tea: <ol><li>Tea is a beverage crop grown on plantations. </li><li>This requires cool climate and well distributed high rainfall throughout the year for the growth of its tender leaves. </li><li>It needs well-drained loamy soils and gentle slopes. </li><li>Labour in large number is required to pick the leaves. </li><li>Kenya, India, China and Sri Lanka produce the best quality tea in the world. </li></ol>Coffee: <ol><li>Coffee requires warm and wet climate and well-drained loamy soil. </li><li>Hill slopes are more suitable for growth of this crop. </li><li>Brazil is the leading producer followed by Columbia and India.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the fibre crops and write the climatic conditions required for their growth.",
          "ans": "Jute and cotton are fibre crops. <br/>  Cotton grows well in high temperature, requires light rainfall, two hundred and ten frost-free days and bright sunshine for its growth, whereas jute grows well on alluvial soil and requires high temperature, heavy rainfall and humid climate.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is agriculture development?",
          "ans": "Agricultural development refers to efforts made to increase farm production in order to meet the growing demand of increasing population.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How can agricultural development be achieved?",
          "ans": "Agricultural development can be achieved in many ways such as by increasing the cropped area, the number of crops grown, improving irrigation facilities, use of fertilisers and high yielding variety of seeds.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Different crops are grown in different regions. Give reasons.",
          "ans": "Different factors are responsible for growing of different crops, such as: <ol><li>Amount of rainfall </li><li>Different types of soil </li><li>Favourable topography </li><li>Different climatic condition </li><li>Level of technology </li><li>Availability of good quality of seeds </li><li>Different lifestyles of the people living in different regions </li></ol>  Thus, due to all these reasons, different crops are grown in different regions.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 22,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch14_co",
    "mcq": "ch14_mcq",
    "saq": "ch14_saq",
    "fib": "ch14_fib",
    "mtf": "ch14_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch14_pbq",
    "snc": "ch14_snc",
    "ctt": "ch14_ctt",
    "un": "ch14_un",
    "afq": "ch14_afq",
    "gowf": "ch14_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch14_dtf",
    "afow": "ch14_afow",
    "grf": "ch14_grf",
    "tf": "ch14_tf",
    "jtf": "ch14_jtf",
    "nf": "ch14_nf",
    "map": "ch14_map",
    "yn": "ch14_yn",
    "laq": "ch14_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch14_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch14_cs",
    "ctco": "ch14_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch15",
    "chapterName": "GEOGRAPHY - Chapter 5 - Industries",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tForest based industries utilise forest produce as raw materials.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tBasket weaving, pottery and other handicrafts are examples of large scale industry.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIndustries processing sea food or manufacturing fish oil are some examples of marine based industries.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tHindustan Aeronautics Limited is a private sector industry.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAn industrial system consists of inputs, processes and outputs.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe inputs are the end product and the income earned from it.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe government provides incentives to industries which are located in backward areas.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIndustrial regions emerge when a number of industries locate close to each other and share the benefits of their closeness.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIron and steel industry is located in South Korea.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tTextile industry is located in India.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe development of the iron and steel industry opened the doors to rapid industrial development in India.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tPittsburgh is an important steel city of Germany.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tTISCO was started in 1907 at Sakchi.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAfter Independence, the government has not taken the initiative to set up iron and steel plants.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe first successful modern textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAhmedabad is often referred to as the “Manchester of India”.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe textile industry at Osaka does not depend on imported raw materials.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tInitially, cotton textile industry flourished in the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat because of favorable humid climate.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tBangalore is known for its mild climate throughout the year.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tInformation technology industry has become global.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 20
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tSilicon Valley is a part of Santa Clara Valley, located next to the Rocky Mountains of South America.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 21
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAhmedabad is an important hub centre of IT industry.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 22
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ activities or manufacturing changes raw materials into products of more value to people.",
          "ans": "Secondary",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Paper is made from _______________.",
          "ans": "pulp",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ based industries use plant and animal based products as their raw materials.",
          "ans": "Agro",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Industry refers to an _______________ activity that is concerned with production of goods, extraction of minerals or the provision of services.",
          "ans": "economic",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Industrialisation often leads to _______________ and growth of towns and cities.",
          "ans": "development",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The processes include a wide range of activities that convert the raw material into ___________________.",
          "ans": "finished products",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The outputs are the _______________ products.",
          "ans": "end",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The _______________ include ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing and printing.",
          "ans": "processes",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Major industrial regions tend to be located in the _______________ areas, near _______________ ports and especially near coal fields.",
          "ans": "temperate, sea",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The iron and steel and textile industry are the _______________ industries while information technology is an emerging industry",
          "ans": "older",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The major hubs of information technology industry are the Silicon Valley of Central California and the _______________ region of India.",
          "ans": "Bangalore",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is the backbone of modern industry.",
          "ans": "Steel",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "India’s steel production increased from ___________________ in 1947 to ___________________ in 2002.",
          "ans": "one million tonne, 30 million tonnes",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In _______________, several other industrial plants were set up after TISCO.",
          "ans": "Jamshedpur",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Till the industrial revolution in the 18th century, cotton cloth was made using _______________________ and _______________.",
          "ans": "hand spinning techniques, looms",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ port nearby facilitates import of machinery and export of cotton textiles.",
          "ans": "Mumbai",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The first cotton textile mill was established in Ahmedabad in _______________.",
          "ans": "1859",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 17
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is an important textile centre of Japan and is also known as ‘Manchester of Japan’.",
          "ans": "Osaka",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 18
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Bangalore is located on the Deccan Plateau from where it gets the name _________________.",
          "ans": "‘Silicon Plateau’",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 19
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The main factors guiding the location of information technology industries are _________________, _________________ and  _________________.",
          "ans": "resource availability, cost, infrastructure",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 20
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The state government of _________________ was the first to announce an IT policy in 1992.",
          "ans": "Karnataka",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 21
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ has the largest number of educational institutions and IT colleges in India.",
          "ans": "Bangalore",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 22
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is meant by the term ‘industry’?",
          "ans": "Industry refers to economic activity that is concerned with the production of goods, extraction of minerals, or provision of services.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How can industries be classified?",
          "ans": "Industries can be classified on the basis of raw materials, size and ownership.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give two points of difference between small scale and large scale industries.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Small scale industries",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "1. Cottage or household industries are a type of small scale industry",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "2. Small scale industries use lesser amount of capital and technology as compared to large scale industries.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Large scale industries",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Production of automobiles and heavy machinery are large scale industries.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Investment of capital is higher and the technology used is superior in large scale industries.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain the classification of industries on the basis of ownership.",
          "ans": "Industries can be classified into private sector, state owned or public sector, joint sector and co-operative sector. <br/> Private sector industries are owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals. <br/> Public sector industries are owned and operated by the government such as Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and Steel Authority of India Limited. <br/> Joint sector industries are owned and operated by the state and individuals or a group of individuals. <br/> Maruti Udyog Limited is an example of joint sector industry. <br/> Co-operative sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. Anand Milk Union Limited and Sudha Dairy are success stories of a co-operative venture",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give examples of agro-based industries.",
          "ans": "Food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products and leather industries are examples of agro-based industries.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Distinguish between agro based industry and mineral based industry.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Agro based industry",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Plants and animals are used as raw material in agro based industry.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Examples: Food processing, dairy industry, cotton textile industry and leather industry",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Mineral based industry",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Mineral ores are used as raw material in mineral based industry.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Examples: Iron and steel industry and heavy machinery industries",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Distinguish between public sector industry and joint sector industry.",
          "ans": null,
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [
            {
              "image": "Public sector industry",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "It is operated and owned by government.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Example: Steel authority of India, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption2": [
            {
              "image": "Joint sector industry",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "It is operated and owned by government, individuals or group of individuals.",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            },
            {
              "image": "Example: Tata Industries, Maruti Udyog LimitedExample: Tata Industries, Maruti Udyog Limited",
              "width": null,
              "height": null
            }
          ],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?",
          "ans": "The main factors affecting the location of industries are the availability of raw material, land, water, labour, power, capital, transport and market.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain the industrial system of textile industry.",
          "ans": "In textile industry, the inputs are cotton, human labour, factory and transport cost. The processes include ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing and printing. The output is the shirt.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What facilities does the government give to industries located in backward areas?",
          "ans": "The government provides incentives like subsidised power, lower transport cost and other infrastructure to industries located in backward areas.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain the process of industrial system.",
          "ans": "An industrial system consists of inputs, processes and outputs. The inputs are the raw materials, labour and costs of land, transport, power and other infrastructure. The processes include a wide range of activities that convert the raw material into finished products. The outputs are the end product and the income earned from it.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the industrial regions located in India.",
          "ans": "India has several industrial regions like Mumbai- Pune cluster, Bangalore-Tamil Nadu region, Hugli region, Ahmedabad-Baroda region, Chottanagpur industrial belt, Vishakhapatnam-Guntur belt, Gurgaon-Delhi Meerut region and the Kollam-Thiruvanathapuram industrial cluster.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which are the world’s major industries?",
          "ans": "The world’s major industries are the iron and steel industry, the textile industry and the information technology industry.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the countries where textile industry is located.",
          "ans": "Textile industry is located in India, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan and Taiwan.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the countries where iron and steel industry is located.",
          "ans": "The countries in which iron and steel industry is located are Germany, USA, China, Japan and Russia.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?",
          "ans": "Steel is often referred as the backbone of modern industry because ships, trains, trucks and automobiles are made largely of steel. From safety pins to big ships — all are made from steel. Oil wells are drilled with steel machinery. Steel pipelines transport oil. Minerals are mined with steel equipment. Farm machines are mostly made of steel. Large buildings have steel framework.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the important steel producing centres located in India.",
          "ans": "Bhilai, Durgapur, Burnpur, Jamshedpur, Rourkela and Bokaro are situated in a region that spreads over four states — West Bengal, Jharkhand, Orissa and Chhattisgarh. Bhadravati and Vijay Nagar in Karnataka, Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh, and Salem in Tamil Nadu are other important steel centres utilising local resources.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write the full form of TISCO.",
          "ans": "Tata Iron and Steel Company",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "For what purposes do factories of Pittsburgh area of America use steel as their raw material?",
          "ans": "Factories of Pittsburgh area of America use steel as their raw material to make many different products such as railroad equipment, heavy machinery and rails.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why did cotton textile industry rapidly expand in Mumbai?",
          "ans": "Cotton textile industry expanded rapidly in Mumbai initially because of the presence of a lot of favourable conditions. Warm and moist climate, a port situated nearby to import machinery, easy availability of raw material, and skilled labour were factors behind this.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 20,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How is textile industry divided?",
          "ans": "Textile industry is divided on the basis of raw materials used in them.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 21,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the countries which are the important producers of cotton textiles.",
          "ans": "China, Japan and USA are the important producers of cotton textiles.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 22,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List the various cotton cloths which were famous worldwide for their quality and design.",
          "ans": "The Muslins of Dhaka, Chintzes of Masulipatnam, Calicos of Calicut and Gold-wrought cotton pieces of Burhanpur, Surat and Vadodara were known worldwide for their quality and design.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 23,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List down the important centres of cotton textile industry.",
          "ans": "Coimbatore, Kanpur, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Kolkata, Ludhiana, Pondicherry and Panipat are the important centres of cotton textile industry.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 24,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the similarities between information technology industry in Bangalore and California?",
          "ans": "1. Bangalore is located on Deccan Plateau from where it gets the name ‘Silicon Plateau’ whereas Silicon Valley is a part of Santa Clara Valley located next to the Rocky Mountains of North America. <br/> 2. Both have a clean environment. <br/> 3. Low rents and low cost of living <br/> 4. Mild climate throughout the year (pleasant climate) <br/> 5. Close to major roads and airports <br/> 6. Skilled workforce <br/> 7. Connected to market properly <br/> 8. Well-developed and well-connected industries <br/> 9. Close to educational, scientific and technological centers",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 25,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "With what does the information technology industry deal?",
          "ans": "The information technology industry deals in the storage, processing and distribution of information.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 26,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which are the major hubs of the IT Industry?",
          "ans": "The major hubs of the IT industry are the Silicon Valley, California and Bangalore, India.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 27,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List down the names of cities which emerged as hubs of information technology or as important centres of IT industry.",
          "ans": "Mumbai, New Delhi, Hyderabad, Chennai, Gurgaon, Pune, Thiruvanthapuram, Kochi and Chandigarh are important centres of the IT industry.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 28,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which city has a unique advantage of highest availability of top and middle level management talent?",
          "ans": "Bangalore has a unique advantage of highest availability of top and middle level management talent.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 29,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch15_co",
    "mcq": "ch15_mcq",
    "saq": "ch15_saq",
    "fib": "ch15_fib",
    "mtf": "ch15_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch15_pbq",
    "snc": "ch15_snc",
    "ctt": "ch15_ctt",
    "un": "ch15_un",
    "afq": "ch15_afq",
    "gowf": "ch15_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch15_dtf",
    "afow": "ch15_afow",
    "grf": "ch15_grf",
    "tf": "ch15_tf",
    "jtf": "ch15_jtf",
    "nf": "ch15_nf",
    "map": "ch15_map",
    "yn": "ch15_yn",
    "laq": "ch15_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch15_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch15_cs",
    "ctco": "ch15_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch16",
    "chapterName": "GEOGRAPHY - Chapter 6 - Human Resources",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tMore than 90 per cent of the world’s population lives in about 10 per cent of the land surface.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tMore people live north of the Equator than south of the Equator.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tHealthy, educated and motivated people are incapable to develop resources.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tOsaka in Japan and Mumbai in India are two densely populated areas.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tPeople prefer to live in the areas where fresh water is easily available.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tSouth Central Asia has the lowest density of population.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn 1820, the world’s population reached one billion.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tImmigrants are people who leave a country\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe population change refers to change in the number of people during a specific time.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe population increase in the world is mainly due to rapid increase in natural growth rate.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tPeople of the working age group are economically active.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn population pyramid, low birth rates make the pyramid broad at the base.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe population pyramid of a country in which birth and death rates both are high is broad at the base and rapidly narrows towards the top.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tBangladesh and Japan are very densely populated, but Bangladesh is far more economically developed than Japan.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 14
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "People are a nation’s greatest _______________.",
          "ans": "resource",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The distribution of population in the world is extremely _______________.",
          "ans": "uneven",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Sixty per cent of the world’s people stay in just _______________ countries.",
          "ans": "10",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The average density of population in the whole world is _______________ persons per square km.",
          "ans": "45",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Fertile soil provides land for _______________.",
          "ans": "agriculture",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ provide employment opportunities.",
          "ans": "Industrial areas",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is the movement of people in and out of an area.",
          "ans": "Migration",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ and _______________ are the natural causes of population change.",
          "ans": "Births, deaths",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ are those who arrive in a country.",
          "ans": "Immigrants",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Births are usually measured using the _______________.",
          "ans": "birth rate",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "___________________ refers to the structure of the population.",
          "ans": "Population composition",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The percentage of the total population is subdivided into _______________ and _______________.",
          "ans": "males, females",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The population pyramid is called an _______________.",
          "ans": "age–sex pyramid",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is known as the pattern of population distribution?",
          "ans": "The way in which people are spread across the earth’s surface is known as the pattern of population distribution.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Name the crowded areas of the world.",
          "ans": "The crowded areas are south and south east Asia, Europe and north eastern North America.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In which two continents, do almost three–quarters of the world’s people live?",
          "ans": "Almost three-quarters of the world’s people live in two continents— Asia and Africa.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why are people considered as a resource?",
          "ans": "Nature’s bounty becomes significant only when people find it useful. It is people with their demands and abilities that turn them into ‘resources’. Healthy, educated and motivated people develop resources as per their requirements. Hence, human resource is the ultimate resource.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is meant by population density?",
          "ans": "Population density is the number of people living in a unit area of the earth’s surface. It is normally expressed as per square km.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the causes for the uneven distribution of population in the world?",
          "ans": "The causes for the uneven distribution of population in the world are as follows: <ol><li>Geographical Factors: Good and favourable topography, availability of freshwater resources, pleasant climate and fertile soil are the some geographical factors affecting the density of population. </li><li>Social and Cultural Factors: Areas with better housing, better opportunities of health and education are more populated. Places of religious and cultural significance also increase the density of population. </li><li>Economic Factors: Places having more industries, proper transportation system, communication facilities, etc. provide more opportunities of employments and attract people for their living.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In which type of climate people avoid living?",
          "ans": "People usually avoid extreme climates that are very hot or very cold like Sahara desert, Polar Regions of Russia, Canada and Antarctica.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is meant by natural growth rate?",
          "ans": "The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a country is called the natural growth rate.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do birth rate and death rate mean?",
          "ans": "Birth rate means the number of live births per 1,000 people and death rate means the number of deaths per 1,000 people.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which countries have gained population through immigration?",
          "ans": "Countries like the United States of America and Australia have gained in-numbers by in-migration or immigration.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the general trend of international migrations?",
          "ans": "The general trend of international migrations is from the less developed nations to the more developed nations in search of better employment opportunities.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In which country Population growth is slow? Why?",
          "ans": "In the United Kingdom, population growth is slow because of low death rates and low birth rates.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?",
          "ans": "The world population has grown very rapidly because of increasing medical facilities and availability of employments due to industrialisation. Simply, increasing birth rates and decreasing death rates increase the population rapidly.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Discuss the role of any two factors influencing population change.",
          "ans": "Two factors influencing the population change are birth rate and death rate. <br/> Birth rate is the number of births per 1,000 people. <br/> Death rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 people. <br/> Births and deaths are the natural causes of population change. When the birth rate is higher than the death rate, it means that the population is increasing and when the death rate is more than the birth rate, it means that the population is decreasing. Thus, the birth rate and death rate influence the population change.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is meant by population composition?",
          "ans": "Population composition refers to the structure of the population of a particular region. It shows the data related to the age, sex, literacy level, health condition, occupation and income level of different age groups.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What information do we get from composition of population?",
          "ans": "The composition of population helps us to know how many are males or females, which age group they belong to, how educated they are and what type of occupations they are employed in, what their income levels and health conditions are.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How many groups of dependent population is there? Which are they?",
          "ans": "There are two groups of dependents – young dependents (aged below 15 years) and elderly dependents (aged over 65 years).",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What does the shape of the population pyramid tell?",
          "ans": "The shape of the population pyramid tells the story of the people living in that particular country. The numbers of children (below 15 years) are shown at the bottom and reflect the level of births. The size of the top shows the numbers of aged people (above 65 years) and reflects the number of deaths.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 18,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are population pyramids? How do they help in understanding about the population of a country?",
          "ans": "The graphical representation used to study the composition of a country’s population is called the population pyramid. It is also named as the age−sex pyramid. It gives information about the number of males and females in the population and their precise age groups. The age group distribution of population tells us the number of dependents and economically active individuals present in the population. When the population of a country has high birth and death rates, the population pyramid is broad at the base and narrow towards the top.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 19,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch16_co",
    "mcq": "ch16_mcq",
    "saq": "ch16_saq",
    "fib": "ch16_fib",
    "mtf": "ch16_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch16_pbq",
    "snc": "ch16_snc",
    "ctt": "ch16_ctt",
    "un": "ch16_un",
    "afq": "ch16_afq",
    "gowf": "ch16_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch16_dtf",
    "afow": "ch16_afow",
    "grf": "ch16_grf",
    "tf": "ch16_tf",
    "jtf": "ch16_jtf",
    "nf": "ch16_nf",
    "map": "ch16_map",
    "yn": "ch16_yn",
    "laq": "ch16_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch16_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch16_cs",
    "ctco": "ch16_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch17",
    "chapterName": "CIVICS - Chapter 1 - The Indian Constitution",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThere is always a possibility that leaders might misuse their authority.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tConstitution often lays down rules that guard in favour of this misuse of authority by our political leaders.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe Right to Equality is one of the Fundamental rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tOne of the reasons that we need a Constitution is to save us from ourselves.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tNepal’s earlier Constitution stated that the country was to be ruled by the King and his council of ministers.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn India, we have governments at the state level and at the centre.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAccording to the Constitution, there are two organs of government.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn addition to Fundamental Rights, the Constitution also has a section called Directive Principles of State Policy\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tA secular state is one in which the state does not officially promote any one religion as the state religion.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In _______________, the Indian National Congress made the demand for a Constituent Assembly.",
          "ans": "1934",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A _______________ tells us what the fundamental nature of our society is.",
          "ans": "constitution",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The Constitution usually contains rules that ensure that _______________ are not excluded from anything that is routinely available to the majority.",
          "ans": "minorities",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The second important purpose of a Constitution is to define the nature of a country’s _______________.",
          "ans": "political system",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________________ is known as the Father of the Indian Constitution.",
          "ans": "Baba Saheb Dr. Ambedkar",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ refers to the existence of more than one level of government in the country.",
          "ans": "Federalism",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is the third tier of government.",
          "ans": "Panchayati Raj",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the meaning of Constitution? ",
          "ans": "Constitution is a written document which contains the rules of governing a democratic country.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why does a democratic country need a constitution?*",
          "ans": "1. The constitution serves several purposes. <br/> 2. Firstly, it lays out certain ideals that form the basis of the kind of country that we as citizens desire to live in. <br/> 3. A Constitution tells us what the basic nature of our society is. <br/> 4. A Constitution helps serve as a set of rules and principles that all persons in a country can agree upon as the basis of the way in which they want the country to be governed. <br/> 5. This includes not only the type of government but also an agreement on certain deals that all persons in a country believe the country should uphold. <br/> 6. The second important purpose of a Constitution is to define the nature of a country’s political system. <br/> 7. In a democracy, we choose our leaders so that they can exercise power responsibly on our behalf. <br/> 8. Thus, a democratic country needs a constitution.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What would happen if there were no restrictions on the power of elected representatives?*",
          "ans": "1. If there were no restrictions on the power of elected representatives, then there would always be the possibility that these leaders might misuse their authority. <br/> 2. This misuse of authority can result in injustice. <br/> 3. In democratic societies, the Constitution often lays down rules that guard against this misuse of authority by our political leaders.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How the Indian Constitution guarantees the Right to Equality?",
          "ans": "The Right to Equality is one of the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution. The Indian Constitution guarantees the right to equality to all persons and says that no citizen can be discriminated on grounds of religion, race, caste, gender and place of birth.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How many organs of government are there? Which are they?",
          "ans": "According to the Constitution, there are three organs of government. These are the legislature, the executive and the judiciary.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Listed below are the key features of the Indian Constitution. Write two sentences, in your own words, on why you think this feature is important key feature of* <ol><li>Federalism </li><li>Separation of Powers </li><li>Fundamental Rights </li><li>Parliamentary Form of Government</li></ol>",
          "ans": "1. Federalism: <br/> (a) Federalism refers to the existence of more than one level of government in the country. <br/> (b) Due to the vast number of communities in India, we have governments at the state level and at the centre. <br/> (c) It is important to have another level of government in the states so that decisions could be made for that particular area. <br/> 2. Separation of Powers: <br/> (a) According to the Constitution, there are three organs of government. These are the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. <br/> (b) In order to prevent the misuse of power by any one branch of government, the Constitution says that each of these organs should exercise different powers. <br/> (c) Through this, each organ acts as a check on the other organs of government and this ensures the balance of power between all three. <br/> 3. Fundamental Rights: <br/> (a) Fundamental Rights protect citizens against the random and absolute exercise of power by the State. It also guarantees the rights of individuals against the State as well as against other individuals. <br/> 4. Parliamentary Form of Government: <br/> (a) The Constitution of India guarantees universal adult suffrage for all citizens. <br/> (b) All adult citizens have right to vote irrespective of their caste, income and gender. This means that the people of India have a direct role in electing their representatives. <br/> (c) Also, every citizen of the country, irrespective of his/her social background, can also contest in elections. <br/> These representatives are accountable to the people.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What difficult task did the members of the constituent assembly face while drafting the constitution?",
          "ans": "The members of the constituent assembly had a huge task while drafting the constitution as the country was made up of several different communities who spoke different languages, belonged to different religions and had distinct cultures.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the key features of the Indian Constitution? ",
          "ans": "The key features of the Indian Constitution are as follows: <ol><li>Federalism </li><li>Parliamentary Form of Government </li><li>Separation of Powers </li><li>Fundamental Rights </li><li>Secularism</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch17_co",
    "mcq": "ch17_mcq",
    "saq": "ch17_saq",
    "fib": "ch17_fib",
    "mtf": "ch17_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch17_pbq",
    "snc": "ch17_snc",
    "ctt": "ch17_ctt",
    "un": "ch17_un",
    "afq": "ch17_afq",
    "gowf": "ch17_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch17_dtf",
    "afow": "ch17_afow",
    "grf": "ch17_grf",
    "tf": "ch17_tf",
    "jtf": "ch17_jtf",
    "nf": "ch17_nf",
    "map": "ch17_map",
    "yn": "ch17_yn",
    "laq": "ch17_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch17_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch17_cs",
    "ctco": "ch17_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch18",
    "chapterName": "CIVICS - Chapter 2 - Understanding Secularism",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe tyranny of the majority could result in the discrimination, coercion and at times even the killing of religious minorities.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tMembers of one religious community either persecute or discriminate against members of other religious communities.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn keeping with the idea of religious freedom for all, India did not adopt a strategy of separating the power of religion and the power of the State.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tWithin religious groups, there will most likely be one group that is in a majority.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIf this majority religious group has access to State power, then it could be quite tough to use this power and financial resources to discriminate.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe Indian State works in various ways to prevent the domination.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn India, government spaces like law courts, police stations, government schools and offices are not supposed to display or promote any one religion.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tTo ensure that laws relating to equal inheritance rights are respected, the State may have to intervene in the religion-based ‘personal laws’ of communities.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe Indian Constitution does not grant the right to religious communities to set up their own schools and colleges.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ refers to the separating power of religion and the power of state.",
          "ans": "Secularism",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The _______________ of Israel treats its own Muslim and Christian minorities quite badly. ",
          "ans": "Jewish State",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In _______________, non-Muslims are not allowed to build a temple, church, etc., and nor can they gather in a public place for prayers.",
          "ans": "Saudi Arabia",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The majority could quite easily prevent _______________ from practising their religions.",
          "ans": "minorities",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The _______________ mandates that the Indian state be secular.",
          "ans": "Indian Constitution",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The Indian State is secular and works in various ways to prevent  ___________________.",
          "ans": "religious domination",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In the _______________ the separation between state and religion means that neither the State nor religion can interfere in the affairs of one another.",
          "ans": "U.S.A.",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In ___________________ the state can intervene in religious affairs.",
          "ans": "Indian secularism",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which is the most important aspect of secularism?",
          "ans": "The most important aspect of secularism is its separation of religion from State power.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Give one reason for why it is important to separate religion from the State in democratic societies.",
          "ans": "It is important to separate religion from the State in democratic societies because we need to protect the freedom of individuals to exit from their religion, embrace another religion or have the freedom to interpret religious teachings differently.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "State some examples of discrimination on the grounds of religion. ",
          "ans": "History provides us with many examples of discrimination, exclusion and persecution on the grounds of religion.<ol><li>Jews were persecuted in Hitler’s Germany and were killed. </li><li>In Saudi Arabia, non-muslims are not allowed to build a temple, church, etc. and nor can they gather in a public place for prayers.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How does a majority of any particular religion cause hindrance to the state? ",
          "ans": "Almost all countries of the world have more than one religious group living that is in a majority. If this majority religious group has access to state power, then it could quite easily use this power and financial resources to discriminate against and persecute persons of other religions. This tyranny of the majority could result in the discrimination and at times even killing of religious minorities.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How do we violate the rights? ",
          "ans": "Any form of domination based on religion is in violation of the rights that a democratic society guarantees to each and every citizen irrespective of their religion.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In what way is Indian secularism different from that of other democratic countries?",
          "ans": "1. There is one significant way in which Indian secularism differs from the dominant understanding of secularism as practised in the United States of America. <br/> 2. This is because unlike the strict separation between religion and the State in American secularism, in Indian secularism the State can intervene in religious affairs. <br/> 3. For example, you have read about how the Indian Constitution intervened in Hindu religious practices in order to abolish untouchability.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Will the government intervene if some religious group says that their religion allows them to practise infanticide? Give reasons for your answer.*",
          "ans": "The government will intervene if some religious group says that their religion allows them to practise infanticide in order to end a social evil practice. Under this practice the life of a newborn child is killed. The law does not allow anyone to kill a life. The practice of infanticide is a crime.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "To ensure what a secular state can realise its objectives according to the Constitution?",
          "ans": "According to the Constitution, only a secular State can realise its objectives to ensure the following: <ol><li>that one religious community does not dominate another; </li><li>that some members do not dominate other members of the same religious community; </li><li>that the State does not enforce any particular religion nor take away the religious freedom of individuals.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How the Indian State works to prevent the domination?",
          "ans": "The Indian State works in various ways to prevent the domination. <ol><li>First, it uses a strategy of distancing itself from religion, i.e. the Indian State is not ruled by a religious group and nor does it support any one religion. </li><li>In India, government spaces like law courts, police stations, government schools and offices are not supposed to display or promote any one religion. </li><li>The second way in which Indian secularism works to prevent the domination is through a strategy of non interference. </li><li>This means that in order to respect the sentiments of all religions and not interfere with religious practices, the State makes certain exceptions for particular religious communities. </li><li>The third way in which Indian secularism works to prevent the domination is through a strategy of intervention. </li><li>For example, where members of the same religion (‘upper-caste’ Hindus) dominate other members (some ‘lower castes’) within it. In order to prevent this religion-based exclusion and discrimination of ‘lower castes’, the Indian Constitution banned untouchability.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch18_co",
    "mcq": "ch18_mcq",
    "saq": "ch18_saq",
    "fib": "ch18_fib",
    "mtf": "ch18_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch18_pbq",
    "snc": "ch18_snc",
    "ctt": "ch18_ctt",
    "un": "ch18_un",
    "afq": "ch18_afq",
    "gowf": "ch18_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch18_dtf",
    "afow": "ch18_afow",
    "grf": "ch18_grf",
    "tf": "ch18_tf",
    "jtf": "ch18_jtf",
    "nf": "ch18_nf",
    "map": "ch18_map",
    "yn": "ch18_yn",
    "laq": "ch18_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch18_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch18_cs",
    "ctco": "ch18_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch19",
    "chapterName": "CIVICS - Chapter 3 - Why Do We Need a Parliament?",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn 1885, the Indian National Congress demanded that there will be elected members in the legislature with a right to discuss the budget and ask questions.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe Government of India Act in 1990 allowed for some elected representation.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tPeople would elect their representatives to the Parliament; then one group from among these elected representatives forms the government.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe basic idea of democracy is that the individual or citizen is the most important person.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tElections to the Parliament are held in a similar manner as they are for the state legislature.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe candidates who contest elections usually belong to same political parties.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe executive is a group of persons who work together to implement the laws made by the Parliament.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe President of India is the leader of the ruling party in the Lok Sabha.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of various states.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn Rajya Sabha, there are 233 elected members plus 12 members nominated by the President.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe question hour is an important mechanism through which MPs can elicit information about the working of the government.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tParliament now has more and more people from different backgrounds.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tGroups and peoples that were till now unrepresented are beginning to get elected to Parliament.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThere has also been an increase in political participation from the Dalits and backward classes.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tNot a single seat is reserved in Parliament for SCs and STs.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 15
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "India became independent on ___________________.",
          "ans": "15 August 1947",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Under colonial rule, the people had lived in fear of the _______________________ and did not agree with many of the decisions they took",
          "ans": "British government",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The take-off point for a democracy is the idea of consent, i.e the _______________, _______________ and _______________ of people.",
          "ans": "desire, approval, participation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "It is the decision of _______________ that creates a democratic government and decides about its functioning. ",
          "ans": "people",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ controls and guides the government.",
          "ans": "The Parliament",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The Indian Parliament is an expression of the faith that the people of India have in _______________________.",
          "ans": "principles of democracy",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ in our system has immense powers because it is the representative of the people.",
          "ans": "The Parliament",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The Lok Sabha is usually elected once every _______________ years.",
          "ans": "five",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Parliament of India consists of _______________, _______________ and _______________.",
          "ans": "the President, the Rajya Sabha, the Lok Sabha",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "One of the most important functions of _______________ is to select the executive.",
          "ans": "Lok Sabha",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ functions primarily as the representative of the states of India in the Parliament.",
          "ans": "The Rajya Sabha",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In all matters dealing with finances, the _______________ approval is crucial for the government.",
          "ans": "Parliament’s",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is a significant function of Parliament.",
          "ans": "Law making",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ democracy cannot produce a perfect reflection of society.",
          "ans": "Representative",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "It has more recently been suggested that there should be reservation of seats in Parliament for _________________.",
          "ans": "women",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Sixty years ago, only _________________ per cent of MPs were women.",
          "ans": "four",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 16
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why do you think our national movement supported the idea that all adults have a right to vote?*",
          "ans": "The British government did not allow for all adults to vote nor could people participate in decision making. Under colonial rule, the people had lived in fear of the British government and did not agree with many of the decisions that they took. The experience of colonial rule as well as the participation of different people in the struggle for freedom left little doubt in the minds of the nationalists that all persons in independent India would be able to participate in making decisions. So our national movement supported the idea that all adults have a right to vote.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In which year did the Indian National Congress demand the involvement of Indians in the legislature? ",
          "ans": "In 1885, the Indian National Congress demanded that there should be elected members in the legislature with a right to discuss the budget and ask questions.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What dreams of people were fulfilled when India got freedom?",
          "ans": "The dreams and aspirations of the freedom struggle were made concrete in the Constitution of independent India that laid down the principle of universal adult franchise, i.e. that all adult citizens of the country have the right to vote.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What allowed for some elected representation?",
          "ans": "The Government of India Act 1909, allowed for some elected representation.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Who creates a democratic government?",
          "ans": "The decision of people creates a democratic government and decides about its functioning.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How do people form the government and also control it?",
          "ans": "People would elect their representatives to the Parliament; then one group from among these elected representatives forms the government. The Parliament, which is made up of all representatives together, controls and guides the government. In this sense, people, through their chosen representatives, form the government and also control it.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the functions of the Parliament?",
          "ans": "Once elections to the Parliament have taken place, the Parliament needs to perform the following functions: <br/> A. To Select the National Government <br/> B. To Control, Guide and Inform the Government <br/> C. Law-Making",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How can a political party form a government?",
          "ans": "For a political party to form the government, they must have a majority of elected MPs. Since there are 543 elected (plus 2 Anglo-Indian nominated) members in Lok Sabha, to have a majority a party should have at least half the number, i.e. 272 members or more.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is Opposition party?",
          "ans": "The Opposition in Parliament is formed by all the political parties that oppose the majority party/coalition formed. The largest amongst these parties is called the Opposition party.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is a coalition government?",
          "ans": "Often times it has been difficult for a single political party to get the majority that is required to form the government. They then join together with different political parties who are interested in similar concerns to form what is known as a coalition government.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Who plays a critical role in the healthy functioning of a democracy and how?",
          "ans": "The Opposition parties play a critical role in the healthy functioning of a democracy as they highlight drawbacks in various policies and programmes of the government and mobilise popular support for their own policies.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which is a key aspect of the functioning of Indian democracy?",
          "ans": "The MPs as representatives of the people have a central role in controlling, guiding and informing Parliament and this is a key aspect of the functioning of Indian democracy.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why are some seats reserved in Parliament for SCs and STs?",
          "ans": "1. It has been observed that representative democracy cannot produce a perfect reflection of society. <br/> 2. There is a realisation that when interests and experiences separate us, it is important to ensure that communities that have been historically marginalised are given adequate representation. <br/> 3. With this in mind, some seats are reserved in Parliament for SCs and STs. <br/> 4. This has been done so that the MPs elected from these constituencies will be familiar with and can represent Dalit and Adivasi interests in Parliament.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch19_co",
    "mcq": "ch19_mcq",
    "saq": "ch19_saq",
    "fib": "ch19_fib",
    "mtf": "ch19_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch19_pbq",
    "snc": "ch19_snc",
    "ctt": "ch19_ctt",
    "un": "ch19_un",
    "afq": "ch19_afq",
    "gowf": "ch19_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch19_dtf",
    "afow": "ch19_afow",
    "grf": "ch19_grf",
    "tf": "ch19_tf",
    "jtf": "ch19_jtf",
    "nf": "ch19_nf",
    "map": "ch19_map",
    "yn": "ch19_yn",
    "laq": "ch19_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch19_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch19_cs",
    "ctco": "ch19_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch20",
    "chapterName": "CIVICS - Chapter 4 - Understanding Laws",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe law can discriminate between persons on the basis of their religion, caste or gender.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAny crime or violation of law has a specific punishment as well as a process through which the guilt of the person has to be established.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIt is often believed that it was the British colonialists who introduced the rule of law in India.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAn important role of Parliament is to be sensitive to the problems faced by people.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn 1998, Lawyers Collective, a group of lawyers, law students and activists, after nation-wide consultations took the lead in drafting the Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Bill.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe role of citizens is crucial in helping Parliament frame different concerns that people might have in laws.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tPeople who think that the law is not fair can approach the Parliament to decide on the issue.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tWe as citizens should bear in mind is that it is the extent, involvement and enthusiasm of the people that help Parliament perform its representative functions properly.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "All persons in independent India are _______________ before the law.",
          "ans": "equal",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "One example of the arbitrariness that continued to exist as part of British law is the _______________ Act of _______________.",
          "ans": "Sedition, 1870",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "According to the _______________________ Act 2005, sons, daughters and their mothers can get an equal share of family property.",
          "ans": "Hindu Succession Amendment",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ has an important role in making laws.",
          "ans": "The Parliament",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Bill was introduced in Parliament in the year _________________.",
          "ans": "2002",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act came into effect in the year _________________.",
          "ans": "2006",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In a democracy like ours, citizens can express their unwillingness to accept _______________ laws framed by the Parliament.",
          "ans": "repressive",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ has the power to modify or cancel laws if it finds that they don’t adhere to the Constitution.",
          "ans": "The court",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "State two reasons why historians refute the claim that the British introduced the rule of law in India.*",
          "ans": "Historians refute the claim that the British introduced the rule of law in India for the following reasons: <ol><li>First that colonial law was arbitrary, and </li><li>Second that the Indian nationalists played an important role in the development of the legal sphere in the British India.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why members of the Constituent Assembly wanted rule of law?",
          "ans": "Members of the Constituent Assembly were agreed there should be no arbitrary exercise of power in independent India. They, therefore, instituted several provisions in the Constitution that would establish the rule of law. The most important of these was that all persons in independent India are equal before the law.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is rule of law?",
          "ans": "Rule of law means that all laws apply equally to all citizens of the country and no one can be above the law. Neither a government official nor a wealthy person nor even the President of the country is above the law.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In ancient India were all laws equally applicable to all?",
          "ans": "No in ancient India, there were innumerable and often overlapping local laws. Different communities enjoyed different degrees of autonomy in administering these laws among their own. In some cases, the punishment that two persons received for the same crime varied depending on their caste backgrounds, with lower castes being more harshly penalised.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How Indians played a major role in the evolution of the rule of law during the colonial period?",
          "ans": "1. Indian nationalists began protesting and criticising the arbitrary use of authority by the British. They also began fighting for greater equality and wanted to change the idea of law from a set of rules that they were forced to obey, to law as including ideas of justice. <br/> 2. By the end of the nineteenth century, the Indian legal profession also began emerging and demanded respect in colonial courts. They began to use law to defend the legal rights of Indians. <br/> 3. Indian judges also began to play a greater role in making decisions. <br/> 4. Therefore, there were several ways in which Indians played a major role in the evolution of the rule of law during the colonial period.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is Domestic violence?",
          "ans": "Domestic violence refers to the injury or harm or threat of injury or harm caused by an adult male, usually the husband, against his wife. Injury may be caused by physically beating up the woman or by emotionally abusing her. Abuse of the woman can also include verbal, sexual and economic abuse.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act?",
          "ans": "Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act is a civil law aimed at providing relief to millions of women, including wives, mothers, daughters and sisters, affected by violence in their homes.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain the term ‘Domestic’ as per the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act.",
          "ans": "The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 extends the understanding of the term ‘domestic’ to include all women who ‘live or have lived together in a shared household’ with the male member who is perpetrating the violence.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How does Parliament’s work become more accessible and transparent to the people?",
          "ans": "1. From establishing the need for a new law to its being passed, at every stage of the process the voice of the citizen is a crucial element. <br/> 2. This voice can be heard through TV reports, newspaper editorials, radio broadcasts and local meetings – all of which help in making the work that Parliament does more accessible and transparent to the people.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How can a law be unpopular and unacceptable to people?",
          "ans": "Sometimes a law can be constitutionally valid and hence legal, but it can continue to be unpopular and unacceptable to people because they feel that the intention behind it is unfair and harmful. Hence, people might criticise this law, hold public meetings, write about it in newspapers, report to TV news channels, etc.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How can a law be controversial and lead to conflict?",
          "ans": "1. If the law favours one group and disregards the other, it will be controversial and lead to conflict. <br/> 2. For example, various municipal laws on the use of space within municipal limits often make hawking and street vending illegal. <br/> 3. No one will dispute the necessity for some rules to keep the public space open so that people can walk on the pavements easily. <br/> 4. However, one also cannot deny that hawkers and vendors provide essential services cheaply and efficiently to the millions living in a large city. This is their means of livelihood.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch20_co",
    "mcq": "ch20_mcq",
    "saq": "ch20_saq",
    "fib": "ch20_fib",
    "mtf": "ch20_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch20_pbq",
    "snc": "ch20_snc",
    "ctt": "ch20_ctt",
    "un": "ch20_un",
    "afq": "ch20_afq",
    "gowf": "ch20_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch20_dtf",
    "afow": "ch20_afow",
    "grf": "ch20_grf",
    "tf": "ch20_tf",
    "jtf": "ch20_jtf",
    "nf": "ch20_nf",
    "map": "ch20_map",
    "yn": "ch20_yn",
    "laq": "ch20_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch20_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch20_cs",
    "ctco": "ch20_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch21",
    "chapterName": "CIVICS - Chapter 5 - Judiciary",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tCourts can decide that no teacher can beat a student, or about the sharing of river waters between states, or they can punish people for particular crimes.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe judiciary cannot strike down particular laws passed by the Parliament if it believes that these are a violation of the basic structure of the Constitution.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tRich and powerful people in India try to influence the judicial process.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe courts are under the government and act on their behalf.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIt is very easy to remove a judge.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tCitizens can approach the courts if they believe that their rights have been violated.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe courts that most people interact with are what are called subordinate or district courts.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tEach state is divided into districts that are presided over by a District Judge.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tSupreme Court is at the apex level.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tDifferent levels of courts are not connected to each other.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tTheft, harassing a woman to bring more dowry and murder are a violation of Civil law.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tDisputes relating to sale of land, purchase of goods, rent matters and divorce cases are violation of Civil law.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tWhile the courts are available for all, in reality access to courts has always been difficult for a vast majority of the poor in India.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tLegal procedures involve less money and less paperwork as well as take up less time.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tA letter or telegram addressed to the Supreme Court or the High Court could be treated as a PIL.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 15
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThere are also court judgments that people believe work against the best interests of the common person.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 16
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ take decisions on a very large number of issues.",
          "ans": "Courts",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Every citizen of India can approach the _______________ or the _______________ if the citizen believes that his/her Fundamental Rights have been violated.",
          "ans": "Supreme Court, High Court",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The Supreme Court ruled that _______________ which provides every citizen the Fundamental Right to Life also includes the Right to Health.",
          "ans": "Article 21",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The Indian Constitution protects against rich and powerful people in India trying to influence the judicial process, by providing for the  _______________ of the judiciary",
          "ans": "independence",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ play a crucial role in protecting the Fundamental Rights of citizens.",
          "ans": "Courts",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "It is the independence of the judiciary that allows the courts to play a central role in ensuring that there is no misuse of power by _______________ and the _______________.",
          "ans": "the legislature, the executive",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "There are _______________ different levels of courts in our country.",
          "ans": "three",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "There is only _______________ court at the apex level.",
          "ans": "one",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The decisions made by the _______________ are binding on all other courts in India.",
          "ans": "Supreme Court",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ deals with conduct or acts that the law defines as offences.",
          "ans": "Criminal Law",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ deals with any harm or injury to rights of individuals.",
          "ans": "Civil Law",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Under Civil Law, a _______________ is to be filed before the relevant court by the affected party only.",
          "ans": "petition",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The Supreme Court in the early 1980s devised a mechanism of _______________________ to increase access to justice.",
          "ans": "Public Interest Litigation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ play a very significant role in protecting our Fundamental Rights.",
          "ans": "The courts",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 14
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The courts interpreted Article 21 of the Constitution on the Right to Life to include the _________________.",
          "ans": "Right to Food",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 15
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "In what ways the work of the judiciary can be divided?",
          "ans": "Broadly speaking, the work that the judiciary does can be divided into the following: <ol><li>Dispute Resolution </li><li>Judicial Review </li><li>Upholding the Law and Enforcing Fundamental Rights</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What role does the Judicial System play in dispute resolution?",
          "ans": "The judicial system provides a mechanism for resolving disputes between citizens, between citizens and the government, between two state governments and between the centre and state governments.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Who is the final interpreter of the Constitution?",
          "ans": "The judiciary is the final interpreter of the Constitution.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is Judicial Review?",
          "ans": "As the final interpreter of the Constitution, the judiciary also has the power to strike down particular laws passed by the Parliament if it believes that these are a violation of the basic structure of the Constitution. This is called judicial review.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "You read that one of the main functions of the judiciary is ‘upholding the law and Enforcing Fundamental Rights’. Why do you think an independent judiciary is necessary to carry out this important function?*",
          "ans": "1. We often hear of rich and powerful people in India trying to influence the judicial process. <br/> 2. The Indian Constitution protects against this kind of situation by providing for the independence of the judiciary. <br/> 3. It is the independence of the judiciary that allows the courts to play a central role in ensuring that there is no misuse of power by the legislature and the executive. <br/> 4. It also plays a crucial role in protecting the Fundamental Rights of citizens because anyone can approach the courts if he/she believes that his/her rights have been violated. <br/> 5. Thus, an independent judiciary is necessary for ‘upholding the law and Enforcing Fundamental Rights’.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is ‘separation of powers’?",
          "ans": "1. One aspect of the independence of the judiciary is the ‘separation of powers’. This is a key feature of the Constitution. <br/> 2. It means that other branches of government – the legislature and the executive – cannot interfere in the work of the judiciary. <br/> 3. The courts are not under the government and do not act on their behalf.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is necessary for the above separation to work well?",
          "ans": "For the above separation to work well, it is also crucial that all judges in the High Court as well as the Supreme Court are appointed with very little interference from these other branches of government (the legislature and the executive). Once appointed to this office, it is also very difficult to remove a judge.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which court is the top court of India?",
          "ans": "Supreme Court is the top court of India located in New Delhi and is presided over by the Chief Justice of India.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by appellate judicial system?",
          "ans": "Appellate Judicial System means that a person can appeal to a higher court if they believe that the judgment passed by the lower court is not just appropriate.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is an Integrated Judicial System?",
          "ans": "Integrated Judicial System means that the decisions made by higher courts are binding on the lower courts.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Mention the different levels of courts in India.",
          "ans": "There are three different levels of courts in India. <ol><li>At the district or Tehsil level or in towns, we have subordinate or district courts. </li><li>At the state level, we have several high courts. </li><li>At the central level, Supreme Court is the highest court of our country</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the other names of the subordinate courts?",
          "ans": "The subordinate court is more commonly known by many different names. These include the Trial Court or Court of the District Judge, the Additional Sessions Judge, Chief Judicial Magistrate, Metropolitan Magistrate and Civil Judge.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the full form of FIR?",
          "ans": "FIR stands for First Information Report",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 13,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "With what Criminal law usually begins with and what is to be done if anyone is found guilty?",
          "ans": "Criminal Law usually begins with the lodging of an FIR with the police who investigate the crime after which a case is filed in the court. If any person found guilty, the accused can be sent to jail and also fined.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 14,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why do you think the introduction of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the 1980s is a significant step in ensuring access to justice for all?*",
          "ans": "1. While the courts are available for all, in reality access to courts has always been difficult for a vast majority of the poor in India. <br/> 2. Legal procedures involve a lot of money and paperwork as well as take up a lot of time. <br/> 3. For a poor person who cannot read and whose family depends on a daily wage, the idea of going to court to get justice often seems remote. <br/> 4. In response to this, the Supreme Court in the early 1980s devised a mechanism of Public Interest Litigation or PIL to increase access to justice. <br/> 5. It allowed any individual or organisation to file a PIL in the High Court or the Supreme Court on behalf of those whose rights were being violated. <br/> 6. The legal process was greatly simplified.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 15,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "For whom the idea of going to the court often seems remote?",
          "ans": "For a poor person who cannot read and whose family depends on a daily wage, the idea of going to the court to get justice often seems remote.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 16,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Explain the phrase ‘justice delayed is justice denied’.",
          "ans": "The issue that affects the common person’s access to justice is the inordinately long number of years that courts take to hear a case. Thus, the phrase ‘justice delayed is justice denied’ is often used to characterise this extended time period that courts take.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 17,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch21_co",
    "mcq": "ch21_mcq",
    "saq": "ch21_saq",
    "fib": "ch21_fib",
    "mtf": "ch21_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch21_pbq",
    "snc": "ch21_snc",
    "ctt": "ch21_ctt",
    "un": "ch21_un",
    "afq": "ch21_afq",
    "gowf": "ch21_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch21_dtf",
    "afow": "ch21_afow",
    "grf": "ch21_grf",
    "tf": "ch21_tf",
    "jtf": "ch21_jtf",
    "nf": "ch21_nf",
    "map": "ch21_map",
    "yn": "ch21_yn",
    "laq": "ch21_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch21_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch21_cs",
    "ctco": "ch21_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch22",
    "chapterName": "CIVICS - Chapter 6 - Understanding our Criminal Justice System",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tOn the basis of the investigation, the police are required to form an opinion.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIt is the job of the police to decide whether a person is guilty or innocent.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tPolice investigations always have to be conducted in accordance with law and with full respect for human rights.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe police are allowed to torture or beat or shoot anyone during investigation.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tPolice cannot inflict any form of punishment on a person even for petty offences.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe role of the Prosecutor begins once the police has conducted the investigation and filed the charge sheet in the court.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tA public prosecutor plays a role in investigation.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe judge decides whether the accused person is guilty or innocent on the basis of the evidence presented and in accordance with the law.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "One important function of _______________ is to investigate any complaint about the commission of a crime.",
          "ans": "the police",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "___________________ includes recording statements of witnesses and collecting different kinds of evidence.",
          "ans": "An investigation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "___________________ has laid down guidelines that the police must follow at the time of arrest, detention and interrogation.",
          "ans": "The Supreme Court",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A _________________ offence is regarded as a public wrong.",
          "ans": "criminal",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "In court, it is the _________________ who represents the interests of the State.",
          "ans": "Public Prosecutor",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The _________________ is like an umpire in a game and conducts the trial impartially and in an open court.",
          "ans": "judge",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The judge hears all the _________________ and any other _________________ presented by the prosecution and the defence.",
          "ans": "witnesses, evidence",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What does Article 22 of the Constitution and criminal law guarantee to every arrested person?",
          "ans": "Article 22 of the Constitution and criminal law guarantee to every arrested person the following Fundamental Rights: <ol><li>The Right to be informed at the time of arrest of the offence for which the person is being arrested. </li><li>The Right to be presented before a magistrate within 24 hours of arrest. </li><li>The Right not to be ill treated or tortured during arrest or in custody. </li><li>Confessions made in police custody cannot be used as evidence against the accused. </li><li>A boy under 15 years of age and women cannot be called to the police station only for questioning.</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "With what the police can begin their investigations into a crime?",
          "ans": "It is with the registration of an FIR that the police can begin their investigations into a crime.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What does FIR usually mention?",
          "ans": "The FIR usually mentions the date, time and place of the offence, and details the basic facts of the offence, including a description of the events. If known, the identity of the accused persons and witnesses is also mentioned. The FIR also states the name and address of the complainant.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "‘A criminal offence is regarded as a public wrong.’ Explain.",
          "ans": "A criminal offence is considered to have been committed not only against the affected victims but against society as a whole.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What is the role of the Public Prosecutor?",
          "ans": "The Prosecutor must conduct the prosecution on behalf of the State. As an officer of the court, it is his/her duty to act impartially and present the full and material facts, witnesses and evidence before the court to enable the court to decide the case.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How does the judge decide whether the person is guilty or innocent?",
          "ans": "The judge hears all the witnesses and any other evidence presented by the prosecution and the defence. The judge decides whether the accused person is guilty or innocent on the basis of the evidence presented and in accordance with the law.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What punishment is decided by the judge?",
          "ans": "If the accused is convicted, then the judge pronounces the sentence. He may send the person to jail or impose a fine or both, depending on what the law prescribes.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch22_co",
    "mcq": "ch22_mcq",
    "saq": "ch22_saq",
    "fib": "ch22_fib",
    "mtf": "ch22_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch22_pbq",
    "snc": "ch22_snc",
    "ctt": "ch22_ctt",
    "un": "ch22_un",
    "afq": "ch22_afq",
    "gowf": "ch22_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch22_dtf",
    "afow": "ch22_afow",
    "grf": "ch22_grf",
    "tf": "ch22_tf",
    "jtf": "ch22_jtf",
    "nf": "ch22_nf",
    "map": "ch22_map",
    "yn": "ch22_yn",
    "laq": "ch22_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch22_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch22_cs",
    "ctco": "ch22_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch23",
    "chapterName": "CIVICS - Chapter 7 - Understanding Marginalisation",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAdivasis have always been influenced by different surrounding religions like Shakta, Buddhist, Vaishnav, Bhakti and Christianity.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAdivasis have their own languages, which have often deeply influenced the formation of ‘mainstream’ Indian languages, like Bengali.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn the precolonial world, adivasis were traditionally ranged hunter-gatherers and nomads.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAdivasis today do not control or have much direct access to the forest territories.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tSafeguards are needed to protect minority communities against the possibility of being culturally dominated by the majority.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tSafeguards do not protect minorities against any discrimination and disadvantage that they may face.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Adivasis are not a _______________ population and there are over 500 different Adivasi groups in India.",
          "ans": "homogeneous",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Adivasis practise a range of tribal religions that are different from _______________, _______________ and _______________.",
          "ans": "Islam, Hinduism, Christianity",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Around _______________ per cent of India’s population is Adivasi.",
          "ans": "eight",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ were absolutely crucial to the development of all empires and settled civilisations in India.",
          "ans": "Forests",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Empires heavily depended on _________________ for the crucial access to forest resources till the middle of the nineteenth century.",
          "ans": "Adivasis",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The _________________ recognised that the culture of the majority influences the way in which society and government might express themselves.",
          "ans": "Indian Constitution",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Size of the community can be a disadvantage and lead to the _________________ of the relatively smaller communities.",
          "ans": "marginalisation",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List two reasons why Adivasis are becoming increasingly marginalised.*",
          "ans": "1. During school functions or other official events or in books and movies, Adivasis are invariably portrayed in very stereotypical ways – in colourful costumes, headgear and through their dancing. <br/> 2. Besides this, we seem to know very little about the realities of their lives. This often wrongly leads to people believing that they are exotic, primitive and backward. <br/> 3. This has led to the marginalisation of Adivasis.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by Adivasi?",
          "ans": "The term ‘Adivasi’ literally means ‘original inhabitants’. They are communities who lived, and often continue to live, in close association with forests.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Where are Adivasis found?",
          "ans": "Adivasis are particularly numerous in states like Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and in the north-eastern states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why are Adivasi societies distinctive?",
          "ans": "Adivasi societies are most distinctive because there is often very little hierarchy among them. This makes them radically different from communities organised around principles of jati-varna (caste) or those that were ruled by kings.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which is the common and popular language among the Adivasis?",
          "ans": "Santhali is one of the common and popular languages spoken among the Adivasis.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How can we say that Adivasis ruled forests till the middle of the nineteenth century?",
          "ans": "Till the middle of the nineteenth century, forests covered the major part of our country. Forests were absolutely crucial to the development of all empires and civilisations, and the Adivasis who lived in these forests had a deep knowledge of forests, access to forest resources and control over most of these vast tracts at least till the middle of the nineteenth century and empires heavily depended on Adivasis for the crucial access to forest resources.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Where did the Adivasis migrate from forest areas?",
          "ans": "Economic changes, forest policies and political force applied by the state and private industry forced the Adivasis to migrate from forest and live as workers in plantations, at construction sites, in industries and as domestic workers.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What happens when Adivasis are displaced from their lands?",
          "ans": "When Adivasis are displaced from their lands, they lose much more than a source of income. They lose their traditions and customs – a way of living and being. “They took our farming land. They left some houses. They took the cremation ground, temple, well and pond. How will we survive?” says Gobindha Maran, who was displaced due to a refinery project in Odisha.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Write one reason why you think the Constitution’s safeguards to protect minority communities are very important.*",
          "ans": "1. The Indian Constitution recognised that the culture of the majority influences the way in which society and government might express themselves. <br/> 2. In such cases, size can be a disadvantage and lead to the marginalisation of the relatively smaller communities. <br/> 3. Thus, safeguards are needed to protect minority communities against the possibility of being culturally dominated by the majority.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Who provides safeguard to the minorities?",
          "ans": "The Constitution provides safeguards to religious and linguistic minorities as part of our Fundamental Rights.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 10,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why does our Constitution provide safeguards to minorities and marginalised people?",
          "ans": "Minority communities should not get suppressed by majority communities; therefore Constitution protects and safeguards minorities so as to promote equality and protect India’s cultural diversity.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 11,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What do you mean by the term minority?",
          "ans": "The term minority is most commonly used to refer to communities that are numerically small in relation to the rest of the population.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 12,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch23_co",
    "mcq": "ch23_mcq",
    "saq": "ch23_saq",
    "fib": "ch23_fib",
    "mtf": "ch23_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch23_pbq",
    "snc": "ch23_snc",
    "ctt": "ch23_ctt",
    "un": "ch23_un",
    "afq": "ch23_afq",
    "gowf": "ch23_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch23_dtf",
    "afow": "ch23_afow",
    "grf": "ch23_grf",
    "tf": "ch23_tf",
    "jtf": "ch23_jtf",
    "nf": "ch23_nf",
    "map": "ch23_map",
    "yn": "ch23_yn",
    "laq": "ch23_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch23_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch23_cs",
    "ctco": "ch23_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch24",
    "chapterName": "CIVICS - Chapter 8 - Confronting Marginalisation",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tArticle 17 of the Constitution states that no citizen of India shall be discriminated on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tDalits can ‘invoke’ or ‘draw on’ a Fundamental Right (or Rights) in situations where they feel that they have been treated badly by some individual or community, or even by the government.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tUntouchability is a punishable crime.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThere are policies or schemes that emerge through other means like setting up a committee or by undertaking a survey, etc.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe government provides for free or subsidised hostels for students of Dalit and Adivasi communities so that they can avail education facilities that may not be available in their localities.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tGovernments do not offer special scholarships for Dalit and tribal students.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, was framed in 1989 in response to demands made by Dalits.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tOther Dalit families came out in support of Rathnam.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tAdivasis are often willing to move from their land.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________________ lays down the principles that make our society and polity democratic.",
          "ans": "The Constitution",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The struggles of the _______________ group have influenced the government to frame new laws.",
          "ans": "marginalised",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ has been used by Dalits to seek equality where it has been denied to them.",
          "ans": "Article 15",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "There are specific laws and policies for the _______________ in our country.",
          "ans": "marginalised",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ is one such law/policy that today is both significant and highly contentious.",
          "ans": "Reservation policy",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "For admission to colleges, especially to institutes of professional education, such as medical colleges, governments define a set of _______________ marks.",
          "ans": "‘cut-off’",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ refusal angered both the powerful castes in the village and some families from his own community",
          "ans": "Rathnam’s",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The powerful castes believed that it was Rathnam’s _______________ which allowed him to imagine that he could start comparing himself with them.",
          "ans": "education",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________, an Adivasi activist, pointed out that one of the violators of Constitutional rights guaranteed to tribal people is government in the various states of India.",
          "ans": "C.K. Janu",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List two Fundamental Rights in the Constitution that Dalits can draw upon to insist that they should be treated with dignity and as equals. Re-read the Fundamental Rights listed on page 14 (of NCERT Textbook) to help you answer this question.*",
          "ans": "Two Fundamental Rights in the Constitution that Dalits can draw upon to insist that they should be treated with dignity and as equals are as follows: <ol><li>Right to Equality </li><li>Right against Exploitation</li></ol>",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What does Article 17 of the Constitution state?",
          "ans": "Article 17 of the Constitution states that untouchability has been abolished – what this means is that no one can henceforth prevent Dalits from educating themselves, entering temples, using public facilities, etc. It also means that it is wrong to practise untouchability and that this practice will not be tolerated by a democratic government. In fact, untouchability is a punishable crime now.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How the Constitution tries to ensure cultural justice?",
          "ans": "In the case of cultural and educational rights, distinct cultural and religious groups like the Muslims and Parsis have the right to be the guardians of the content of their culture, as well as the right to make decisions on how best this content is to be preserved. Thus, by granting different forms of cultural rights, the Constitution tries to ensure cultural justice to such groups.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "The laws which reserve seats in education and government employment for Dalits and Adivasis are based on what?",
          "ans": "The laws which reserve seats in education and government employment for Dalits and Adivasis are based on an important argument that in a society like ours, where for centuries sections of the population have been denied opportunities to learn and to work in order to develop new skills or vocations, a democratic government needs to step in and assist these sections.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How does the reservation policy work?",
          "ans": "1. Governments across India have their own list of Scheduled Castes (or Dalits), Scheduled Tribes and backward and most backward castes. The central government too has its list. <br/> 2. Students applying to educational institutions and those applying for posts in government are expected to furnish proof of their caste or tribe status, in the form of caste and tribe certificates. (Many government and educational institutions also ask for candidates to mention their caste/tribe status.) <br/> 3. If a particular Dalit caste or a certain tribe is on the government list, then a candidate from that caste or tribe can avail the benefit of reservation.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Re-read the story on Rathnam as well as the provisions of the 1989, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act. Now list one reason why you think he used this law to file a complaint.*",
          "ans": "The powerful castes ordered his (Rathnam’s) community to ostracise him and his family, and everyone was told that no one should speak or do any work for them or with them. <br/> One night some men entered their part of the village and set his hut on fire. He managed to escape with his mother. <br/> So he filed the complaint against the domination and violence of the powerful castes of the village. <br/> Rathnam then went to file a case in the local police station under the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why do you think the Dalit families were afraid of angering the powerful castes?",
          "ans": "Dalit families were afraid of angering the powerful as many worked on their fields as daily-wage labourers. If the dominant castes decided to not call them, then what would they earn? How would they survive?",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "List two different provisions in the 1989 act.",
          "ans": "The Act distinguishes several levels of crimes. Firstly, it lists modes of humiliation that are both physically horrific and morally reprehensible and seeks to punish those who <br/> 1. force a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe to drink or eat any inedible or obnoxious substance; <br/> 2. forcibly removes clothes from the person of a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe or parades him or her naked or with painted face or body or commits any similar act which is derogatory to human dignity. <br/> Secondly, it lists actions that dispossess Dalits and Adivasis of their meagre resources or which force them into performing slave labour.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why do Adivasi activists, including C.K. Janu, believe that Adivasis can also use this 1989 Act to fight against dispossession? Is there anything specific in the provisions of the Act that allows them to believe this?*",
          "ans": "The Adivasi activists including C.K Janu believe that Adivasis can also use this 1989 Act to fight dispossession because this Act merely confirms what has already been promised to tribal people in the Constitution – that land belonging to tribal people cannot be sold to or bought by non-tribal people. In cases where this has happened, the Constitution guarantees the right of tribal people to re-possess their land.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch24_co",
    "mcq": "ch24_mcq",
    "saq": "ch24_saq",
    "fib": "ch24_fib",
    "mtf": "ch24_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch24_pbq",
    "snc": "ch24_snc",
    "ctt": "ch24_ctt",
    "un": "ch24_un",
    "afq": "ch24_afq",
    "gowf": "ch24_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch24_dtf",
    "afow": "ch24_afow",
    "grf": "ch24_grf",
    "tf": "ch24_tf",
    "jtf": "ch24_jtf",
    "nf": "ch24_nf",
    "map": "ch24_map",
    "yn": "ch24_yn",
    "laq": "ch24_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch24_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch24_cs",
    "ctco": "ch24_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch25",
    "chapterName": "CIVICS - Chapter 9 - Public Facilities",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn Anna Nagar, when the water supply is inadequate, senior government officials get water tanker easily arranged for their house.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn Mylapore, borewell water is used for drinking.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn Saidapet during summer, one family gets water only at the cost of another.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tSafe drinking water can prevent many water-related diseases.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tOver 1,600 Indians, most of them children below the age of five, reportedly die every day because of water-related diseases.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe important characteristic of a public facility is that once it is provided, its benefits can be shared by selected people.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tPrivate companies provide public facilities at a price affordable to all.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tPublic facilities relate to people’s basic needs.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn reality there is a great shortage of public facilities.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThroughout the world, water supply is a function of the government. There are very few instances of private water supply.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn a few cases, where the responsibility for water supply was handed over to private companies, there was a steep decline in the price of water.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe burden of shortfalls in water supply falls mostly on the rich.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tBesides safe drinking water, sanitation is a must in prevention of waterborne diseases.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 13
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ area in Chennai looks lush and green with lawns maintained by a generous spraying of water.",
          "ans": "Anna Nagar",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Mylapore area gets municipal water once in _______________ days.",
          "ans": "two",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ is one major reason why Siva can’t bring his family to Chennai.",
          "ans": "Shortage of water",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ is essential for life and for good health.",
          "ans": "Water",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "India has one of the largest number of cases of water-related diseases such as _________________, _________________ and _________________.",
          "ans": "diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The Constitution of India recognises the right to water as being a part of the _________________ under Article 21.",
          "ans": "Right to Life",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "One of the most important functions of the government is to ensure that _________________ are made available to everyone.",
          "ans": "public facilities",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Private companies operate for _________________ in the market.",
          "ans": "profit",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________ are selling water for profit.",
          "ans": "Private companies",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "A shortage of _______________ water is often taken as a sign of failure of the _______________.",
          "ans": "municipal, government",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 10
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The supply of water per person in an urban area in India should be about 135 litres per day (about seven buckets) as per standard set by the  _______________________________.",
          "ans": "Urban Water Commission",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 11
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The water supply department in _______________ raises enough money through water charges to cover its expenses on supplying water.",
          "ans": "Mumbai",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 12
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_______________, a non-government organisation, has been working for three decades to address the problems of sanitation facing low-caste and low-income are people in India. ",
          "ans": "Sulabh",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 13
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What, in your view, is similar and what is different in Subramanian’s and Padma’s experiences?",
          "ans": "Similar: Both the areas where Subramanian and Padma live suffer from water shortage. In Mylapore where Subramanian lives, a private borewell meets some of the residents’ water needs, and in Saidapet also, there is one common tap at one corner for 30 hutments in which water comes from a borewell. <br/>  Different: Subramanian’s apartment in Mylapore gets municipal water once in two days and a private borewell meets some of the residents’ water needs, whereas in Saidapet for 30 hutments, there is one common tap at one corner in which water comes from a borewell for 20 minutes twice daily. <br/> Residents in Mylapore use borewell water in their toilets and for washing, for other uses water is purchased from tankers and for drinking water residents have installed water purification systems in their homes, whereas in Saidapet the same water is used for drinking and washing.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What does Article 21 of the Constitution state?",
          "ans": "The Constitution of India recognises the right to water as being a part of the Right to Life under Article 21. This means that it is the right of every person, whether rich or poor, to have sufficient amount of water to fulfil his/her daily needs at a price that he/she can afford. In other words, there should be universal access to water.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are public facilities?",
          "ans": "Like water there are other essential facilities that need to be provided for everyone like healthcare, sanitation,electricity, public transport, schools and colleges and are also necessary. These are known as public facilities.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why do you think there are so few cases of private water supply in the world?*",
          "ans": "Private companies provide public facilities but at a price that only some people can afford. Private companies supply water through tankers or supply drinking water in sealed bottles. Hence, this facility is not available to all at an affordable rate.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why are most of the private hospitals and private schools located in major cities and not in towns or rural areas?*",
          "ans": "Private hospitals and private schools are located in major cities and not in towns or rural areas as the services provided by them are very costly and everyone cannot afford it.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "From where does the government get money for public facilities?",
          "ans": "The main source of revenue for the government is the taxes collected from the people, and the government is empowered to collect these taxes and use them for public facilities.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Do you think water in Chennai is available and affordable by all? Discuss.*",
          "ans": "Water is not equally available to all citizens in Chennai. Certain areas like Anna Nagar looks lush and green with lawns maintained by a generous spraying of water. Bungalows here have tap water for major part of the day, while areas like Saidapet receive very little water. Municipal supply meets only about half the needs of the people of the city, on an average. There are areas which get water more regularly than others. Those areas that are close to the storage points get more water, whereas colonies further away receive less water. The burden of shortfalls in water supply falls mostly on the poor. The middle class, when faced with water shortages, is a able to cope through a variety of private means such as digging borewells, buying water from tankers and using bottled water for drinking. Apart from the availability of water, access to ‘safe’ drinking water is also available to some and this depends on what one can afford. Once again, the wealthy have more choices, thanks to the booming market in bottled water and water purifiers. People who can afford it have safe drinking water, whereas the poor are again left out. In reality, therefore, it seems that it is only people with money who have the right to water – a far cry from the goal of universal access to ‘sufficient and safe’ water.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "How is the sale of water by farmers to water dealers in Chennai affecting the local people? Do you think local people can object to such exploitation of ground water? Can the government do anything in this regard?*",
          "ans": "The shortage of water has opened up opportunities for private companies in a big way. Many private companies are providing water to cities by buying it from places around the city. In Chennai, water is taken from nearby towns like Mamandur, Palur, Karungizhi and from villages to the north of the city using a fleet of over 13,000 water tankers. Every month the water dealers pay farmers an advance for the rights to exploit water sources on their land. This is water taken away not just from agriculture but also from the drinking water supplies of the villagers. Groundwater levels have dropped drastically in all these towns and villages as a result. The local people have a right to object to this exploitation and the government has the power to stop this.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why groundwater levels have dropped drastically in many small towns and villages?",
          "ans": "Groundwater levels have dropped drastically in many small towns and villages because many private companies are providing water to cities by buying water from the farmers and pay them advance for the right to exploit water sources on their lands which is supposed to be used for agriculture and drinking water.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 9,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch25_co",
    "mcq": "ch25_mcq",
    "saq": "ch25_saq",
    "fib": "ch25_fib",
    "mtf": "ch25_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch25_pbq",
    "snc": "ch25_snc",
    "ctt": "ch25_ctt",
    "un": "ch25_un",
    "afq": "ch25_afq",
    "gowf": "ch25_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch25_dtf",
    "afow": "ch25_afow",
    "grf": "ch25_grf",
    "tf": "ch25_tf",
    "jtf": "ch25_jtf",
    "nf": "ch25_nf",
    "map": "ch25_map",
    "yn": "ch25_yn",
    "laq": "ch25_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch25_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch25_cs",
    "ctco": "ch25_ctco"
  },
  {
    "subject": "Social Science",
    "chapter": "ch26",
    "chapterName": "CIVICS - Chapter 10 - Law and Social Justice",
    "all": [
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThe disaster was not an accident. UC had deliberately ignored the essential safety measures in order to cut costs.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tThere are no differences in safety standards of companies across countries.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tSince there is so much unemployment, there are many workers who are willing to work in unsafe conditions in return for a wage.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tSafety laws were stern in India.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tGovernment officials refused to recognise the UC plant as hazardous and allowed to come up in a populated locality.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn 1984, there were very few laws protecting the environment in India, and there was hardly any enforcement of these laws.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "True",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "State True or False.",
          "qus": "\n\t\tIn the U.S.A. spending any money to clean up the pollution is not a necessary part of the production process.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
          "ans": "False",
          "code": "TF",
          "val": 7
        }
      ],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The world’s worst industrial tragedy took place in ________________.",
          "ans": "Bhopal",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 1
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "____________________ an American company had a factory in the Bhopal city in which it produced pesticides.",
          "ans": "Union Carbide (UC)",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 2
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Wages paid to the workers in India are _______________ than wages paid to the workers in the U.S.A.",
          "ans": "lower",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 3
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "Lower working conditions including _______________ measures are used as ways of cutting costs.",
          "ans": "lower safety",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 4
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "As the lawmaker and enforcer, _______________ is supposed to ensure that safety laws are implemented.",
          "ans": "the government",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 5
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": " Right to Life is guaranteed under _________________ of the Constitution.",
          "ans": "Article 21",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 6
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ was treated as a ‘free’ entity and any industry could pollute the air and water without any restrictions.",
          "ans": "The environment",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 7
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "_________________ is responsible for setting up laws and procedures that can check pollution, clean rivers and introduce heavy fines for those who pollute.",
          "ans": "The government",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 8
        },
        {
          "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
          "qus": "The courts gave a number of judgments upholding the right to a healthy environment as intrinsic to the _______________________.",
          "ans": "Fundamental Right to Life",
          "code": "FIB",
          "val": 9
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Do you think the victims of the Bhopal gas tragedy got justice? Discuss.*",
          "ans": "No the victims of Bhopal gas tragedy did not get justice. Most of those exposed to the poisonous gas came from poor, working-class families, of which nearly 50,000 people are today too sick to work. Among those who survived, many developed severe respiratory disorders, eye problems and other disorders. Children developed peculiar abnormalities. Despite the overwhelming evidence pointing to UC as responsible for the disaster, it refused to accept responsibility. In the ensuing legal battle, the government represented the victims in a civil case against UC. It filed a $3 billion compensation case in 1985, but accepted a lowly $470 million in 1989. People are still fighting for justice, for safe drinking water, for healthcare facilities and jobs for the people poisoned by UC. ",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 1,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Which gas started leaking from UC plant in Bhopal at midnight on 2 December 1984?",
          "ans": "At midnight on 2 December 1984, methyl isocyanite (MIC) – a highly poisonous gas – started leaking from UC plant.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 2,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What are the advantages to foreign companies in setting up production in India?*",
          "ans": "One reason why foreign companies come to India is for cheap labour. Wages that the companies pay to workers, say in the U.S.A., are far higher than what they have to pay to workers in poorer countries like India. For lower pay, companies can get longer hours of work. Additional expenses such as for housing facilities for workers are also fewer. Thus, companies can save costs and earn higher profits.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 3,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why even so many years after the Bhopal gas tragedy, there are regular reports of accidents in construction sites, mines or factories?",
          "ans": "One part of the answer lies in what is perceived as the worth of an Indian worker. One worker can easily replace another. Since there is so much unemployment, there are many workers who are willing to work in unsafe conditions in return for a wage. Making use of the workers’ vulnerability, employers ignore safety in workplaces. Thus, even so many years after the Bhopal gas tragedy, there are regular reports of accidents in construction sites, mines or factories due to the uncaring attitude of the employers.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 4,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "Why do you think enforcement of safety laws is important in any factory? ",
          "ans": "Firstly, the safety laws were lax in India. Second, even these weak safety laws were not enforced. As in case of Bhopal Gas Tragedy, some municipal officials in Bhopal objected that the installation of an MIC production unit in 1978 was a safety violation. Government inspectors continued to approve the procedures in the plant, even when repeated incidents of leaks from the plant made it obvious to everybody that things were seriously wrong. Instead of protecting the interests of the people, their safety was being disregarded both by the government and by private companies. This is obviously not at all desirable. With more industries being set up both by local and foreign businesses in India, there is a great need for stronger laws protecting workers’ rights and better enforcement of these laws.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 5,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What made people realise that the existing laws on environment only covered the individual worker?",
          "ans": "The Bhopal disaster brought the issue of environment to the forefront. Several thousands of persons who were not associated with the factory in any way were greatly affected because of the poisonous gases leaked from the plant. This made people realise that the existing laws, though weak, only covered the individual worker and not persons who might be injured due to industrial accidents.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 6,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "What did the Indian government do in response to the pressure from environmental activists and others, in the years following the Bhopal gas tragedy?",
          "ans": "In response to this pressure from environmental activists and others, in the years following the Bhopal gas tragedy, the Indian government introduced new laws on the environment. Henceforth, the polluter was to be held accountable for the damage done to environment. The environment is something that people over generations will share, and it could not be destroyed merely for industrial development.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 7,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        },
        {
          "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
          "qus": "A ‘clean environment is a public facility.’ Can you explain this statement?",
          "ans": "Public facilities relate to our basic needs. The environment is something that people over generations will share, and it could not be destroyed merely for industrial development. In Subhash Kumar vs. State of Bihar (1991), the Supreme Court held that the Right to Life is a Fundamental Right under Article 21 of the Constitution and it includes the right to the enjoyment of pollution-free water and air for full enjoyment of life. Thus, we can say that a clean environment is a public facility.",
          "code": "AFQ",
          "options": null,
          "val": 8,
          "option1": [],
          "option2": [],
          "option3": [],
          "option4": [],
          "aoption1": [],
          "aoption2": [],
          "aoption3": [],
          "aoption4": null,
          "pic": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          "ansimg": {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        }
      ],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      [],
      []
    ],
    "grade": "Grade 8",
    "co": "ch26_co",
    "mcq": "ch26_mcq",
    "saq": "ch26_saq",
    "fib": "ch26_fib",
    "mtf": "ch26_mtf",
    "pbq": "ch26_pbq",
    "snc": "ch26_snc",
    "ctt": "ch26_ctt",
    "un": "ch26_un",
    "afq": "ch26_afq",
    "gowf": "ch26_gowf",
    "dtf": "ch26_dtf",
    "afow": "ch26_afow",
    "grf": "ch26_grf",
    "tf": "ch26_tf",
    "jtf": "ch26_jtf",
    "nf": "ch26_nf",
    "map": "ch26_map",
    "yn": "ch26_yn",
    "laq": "ch26_laq",
    "vsaq": "ch26_vsaq",
    "cs": "ch26_cs",
    "ctco": "ch26_ctco"
  }
]

Youez - 2016 - github.com/yon3zu
LinuXploit