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var chpdata=[
{
  "subject": "Science",
  "chapter": "ch1",
  "chapterName": "Chapter 1 - Nutrition in Plants",
  "all": [
    [
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Organisms which prepare food for themselves using simple naturally available raw materials are referred to as",
        "ans": "(b) autotrophs",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) heterotrophs",
          "(b) autotrophs",
          "(c) parasites",
          "(d) saprophytes"
        ],
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Amar Bel exhibits",
        "ans": "(d) None of these",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Heterophic nutrition",
          "(b) Saprotrophic nutrition",
          "(c) Both autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition",
          "(d) None of these"
        ],
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "In the absence of which of the following will photosynthesis not occur in leaves?",
        "ans": "(b) Chlorophyll",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Guard cells",
          "(b) Chlorophyll",
          "(c) Vacuole",
          "(d) Space between cells"
        ],
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following statements is/are correct?<br>(i) All green plants can prepare their own food.<br>(ii) Most animals are autotrophs.<br>(iii) Carbon dioxide is not required for photosynthesis.<br>(iv) Oxygen is liberated during photosynthesis.<br>Choose the correct answer from the options below:",
        "ans": "(a) (i) and (iv",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) (i) and (iv)",
          "(b) (ii) only",
          "(c) (ii) and (iii)",
          "(d) (i) and (ii)"
        ],
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Pitcher plant traps insects because it",
        "ans": "(b) grows in soil which lack nitrogen.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) is a heterotroph.",
          "(b) grows in soil which lack nitrogen.",
          "(c) does not have chlorophyll.",
          "(d) has a digestive system like human beings."
        ],
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "In the organisms called lichens, the algal partner provides:",
        "ans": "(c) Food to the fungus",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Shelter to the fungus",
          "(b) Minerals to the fungus",
          "(c) Food to the fungus",
          "(d) None of these"
        ],
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The term that is used for the mode of nutrition in yeast, mushroom and bread mould is",
        "ans": "(c) saprophytic",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) autotrophic",
          "(b) insectivorous",
          "(c) saprophytic",
          "(d) parasitic"
        ],
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "When we observe the lower surface of a leaf through a magnifying lens we see numerous small openings. Which of the following is the term given to such openings?",
        "ans": "(a) Stomata",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Stomata",
          "(b) Lamina",
          "(c) Midrib",
          "(d) Veins"
        ],
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Two organisms are good friends and live together. One provides shelter, water and nutrients, while the other prepares and provides food. Such an association of organisms is termed as",
        "ans": "(d) symbiosis",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) saprophyte",
          "(b) parasite",
          "(c) autotroph",
          "(d) symbiosis"
        ],
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following raw materials is available in the air for photosynthesis?",
        "ans": "(b) Carbon dioxide",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Oxygen",
          "(b) Carbon dioxide",
          "(c) Nitrogen",
          "(d) Hydrogen"
        ],
        "val": 10
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The bacterium Rhizobium resides in the:",
        "ans": "(a) Roots of leguminous plants",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Roots of leguminous plants",
          "(b) Soil",
          "(c) Leaves of leguminous plants",
          "(d) Stem of leguminous plants"
        ],
        "val": 11
      }
    ],
    [
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tAll plants have autotrophic mode of nutrition.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tDesert plants have green stems which carry out photosynthesis.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tThe leaves other than green do not have chlorophyll.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tPlants synthesise carbohydrates through the process of photosynthesis.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tThe organisms which take nutrients in solution form from dead and decaying matter are called parasites.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tPlants synthesise proteins and fats with the help of nitrogen.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 6
      }
    ],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The components of food necessary for our body are called ______________________.",
        "ans": "nutrient",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The mode of nutrition in which organisms make food themselves from simple substances is called ______________________ nutrition.",
        "ans": "autotrophic",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Animals and most of the other living organisms are the examples of _________________ mode of nutrition.",
        "ans": "heterotrophs",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Plants are the example of ______________________ mode of nutrition.",
        "ans": "autotrophic",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The pores which are surrounded by ‘guard cells’ are known as ______________________.",
        "ans": "stomata",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "A green pigment called ______________________ helps leaves to capture the energy of the sunlight.",
        "ans": "chlorophyll",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ is the ultimate source of energy for all living organisms.",
        "ans": "Sun",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The presence of ______________________ in leaves indicates the occurrence of photosynthesis.",
        "ans": "starch",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The plants on which Cuscuta climbs is called ______________________.",
        "ans": "host plant",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Cuscuta plant is a type of ______________________.",
        "ans": "parasite",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 10
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "In pitcher plant, the pitcher-like structure is the modified part of the ______________________.",
        "ans": "leaf",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 11
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Farmers do not need to add nitrogen fertiliser to the soil in which __________________ plants are grown.",
        "ans": "leguminous",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 12
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ can take atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into soluble form.",
        "ans": "Rhizobium bacteria",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 13
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "All animals are categorised as __________________ since they depend on plants and other animals for food.",
        "ans": "hetrotrophs",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 14
      }
    ],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Match the Following.",
        "qus": null,
        "ans": "1. (c),  2. (d), 3. (a),  4. (b),  5. (e)",
        "code": "MTF",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [
          {
            "image": "1. Mango tree",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "2. Mushroom",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "3. Pitcher plant",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "4. Cuscuta",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "5. Elephant",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option2": [
          {
            "image": "(a) Insectivorous plant",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(b) Heterotroph",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(c) Autotroph",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(d) Saprophyte",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(e) Parasitic",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option3": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option4": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What are nutrients? Name the major nutrients which are necessary for our body.",
        "ans": "The components of food that are necessary for our body to remain healthy are called nutrients.<br>• Some of the major nutrients that are necessary for our body are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Define nutrition.",
        "ans": "Nutrition is the mode of taking food by an organism and its utilization by the body.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 2,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain autotrophs and heterotrophs with example.",
        "ans": "Autotrophs : The mode of nutrition in which organism make food themselves from simple substance are called autotrophs.<br>Heterotrophs : Animals and most of other organism take in ready made food prepared by plants are called heterotrophs.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 3,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is chlorophyll? Mention its role in photosynthesis.",
        "ans": "The leaves have a green pigment called chlorophyll it helps leaves in capturing energy from sunlight this energy is used to prepare food from carbon dioxide & water. So we find that chlorophyll sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are necessary to carry out the process of photosynthesis.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 4,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Briefly describe the process of photosynthesis in green plants.",
        "ans": "The leaves of the plants traps energy from sunlight to make food and nutrients with the help of carbon dioxide and water it makes food in the form of sugar and releases oxygen in air. This process is called photosynthesis.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 5,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch1a1.jpg",
          "width": "350",
          "height": "55"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What are stomata? Draw a labelled diagram of stomata.",
        "ans": "img src='Ch1a2.jpg', width=\"510\", height=\"307\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 6,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch1a2a.jpg",
          "width": "304",
          "height": "307"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch1a2.jpg",
          "width": "510",
          "height": "307"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "In the absence of photosynthesis, life would be impossible on the earth. Justify this statement.",
        "ans": "In the absence of photosynthesis there would not be any food. The survival of almost all living organisms directly or indirectly depend on plants. So life would be impossible on earth.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 7,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe an activity to show that starch is produced in leaves during photosynthesis.",
        "ans": "Iodine test can be performed to find the starch produced in leaves during photosynthesis. Take a leaf and boil in water. Now transfer it to a test tube containing alcohol. Keep the test tube in boiling water so that chlorophyll dissolve and alcohol appears green. Remove leaf, wash with tap water and pour some iodine solution on it. Iodine on starch will give bluish colour.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 8,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How do plants fulfil their requirements of nitrogen needed for the synthesis of proteins and fats?",
        "ans": "Soil has certain bacteria that convert gaseous nitrogen into usable form & release it into the soil this soluble forms are absorbed with water by plants.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 9,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain why the sun is called the ultimate source of energy for all living organisms.",
        "ans": "Leaves capture the energy from sunlight this energy is used to synthesize food from CO2 & H2O the solar energy is used by plant in the form of stored food. Thus, sun is ultimate source of energy for all living organisms.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 10,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain why the sun is called the ultimate source of energy for all living organisms.",
        "ans": "Leaves capture the energy from sunlight this energy is used to synthesize food from CO2 & H2O the solar energy is used by plant in the form of stored food. Thus, sun is ultimate source of energy for all living organisms.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 11,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe the mode of nutrition in the parasitic plant Cuscuta.",
        "ans": "A Cuscuta use heterotrophic (A) mode of nutrition. This yellow tubular structures twinning around the stem and branches of the host plant do not have chlorophyll. It takes ready made food from the plants.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 12,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What are insectivorous plants?",
        "ans": "Insect eating plants are insectivorous plants which have pitchers – like modified structures of the leaf. These pitcher traps insects as their nutrition source.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 13,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe the mode of nutrition in pitcher plant. Mention the various modifications found in it for trapping insects.",
        "ans": "The pitcher like structure is the modified part of the leaf. The apex of the leaf forms a lead for opening and closing the mouth. Inside it there are hair which are directed downwards. When an insect lands in pitcher the lid closes and get enlarged into the hairs the insect is digested by digestive juices secreted in the pitcher.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 14,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What do you mean by saprotrophs?",
        "ans": "The mode of nutrition in which an organism that feeds on or derives nourishment from decaying organic matter is called saprotroph. eg: fungi (mushrooms).",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 15,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain the mode of nutrition in saprotrophs. Give two examples of saprotrophs.",
        "ans": "Algae & fungi (Mashrooms) are example of saprophyte. These organisms secrete digestive juices on the dead & decaying matter and convert it into a solution. They then absorb the nutrients from it.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 16,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "With the help of an example, explain the symbiotic relationship between organisms.",
        "ans": "Some organisms live together and share shelter and nutrients this is called symbiotic relationship for eg: Certain fungi live in roots of trees. The trees provides nutrients to fungus & in return it receives help from it to take up water and nutrients from the soil.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 17,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe one symbiotic relationship which is of great significance for the farmers.",
        "ans": "As plants absorb nutrients from the soil farmers add fertilizer to maintain the fertility of the soil usually crops require a lot of nitrogen. The Rhizobium bacteria present in root nodules dissolves atmospheric nitrogen into absorbed nitrogen. Most pulses are leguminous. Rhizobium bacteria and farmer have symbiotic relationships.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 18,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What do you mean by leguminous plants?",
        "ans": "Leguminous plants are plants which provide shelter to Rhizobium bacteria for nitrogen fixation in nodules of the roots.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 19,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How is Rhizobium helpful to the plants?",
        "ans": "The bacterium Rhizobium take atmosphere nitrogen and convert it into a soluble form. Which helps the plant to absorb nitrogen from soil.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 20,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Observe the diagram given below and label the following terms given in the box.",
        "ans": "img src='ch1a3.jpg', width=\"396\", height=\"258\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 21,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "ch1a3a.jpg",
          "width": "246",
          "height": "307"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch1a3.jpg",
          "width": "396",
          "height": "258"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Differentiate between:<br>(i) Autotrophs and Heterotrophs",
        "ans": "<b>Autotrophs</b><br>1. They produce their own food.<br>2. Are at primary level in food chain.<br>3. eg : plants, algae, some bacteria.<br><b>Heterotrophs</b><br>1. They do not produce their own food.<br>2. Are secondary level in food chains.<br>3. Herbivores, omnivores & carnivores.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 22,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Differentiate between:<br>(ii) Parasites and Saprotrophs",
        "ans": "<b>Parasites</b><br>1. These organisms that depend on other organisms to obtain nutrient.<br>2. Parasitic organisms harm their host.<br>3. Lice & cuscuta are some example.<br><b>Saprotrophs</b><br>1. These organisms grow on dead & decaying material and obtain nutrients.<br>2. Saprophyte do not harm their host.<br>3. Mushroom & bacteria are some example.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 23,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Spot as many organisms as possible in the puzzle given below by encircling them as shown. Write the names on a sheet of paper and categorise them into autotrophs and heterotrophs. Classify the heterotrophs into herbivores, carnivores, omnivores and saprophytes.",
        "ans": "img src='ch1a5.jpg', width=\"450\", height=\"210\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 24,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "ch1a4.jpg",
          "width": "159",
          "height": "154"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch1a5.jpg",
          "width": "450",
          "height": "210"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Give a schematic representation of photosynthesis. Represent the process of photosynthesis by an equation.",
        "ans": "img src='ch1a6.jpg', width=\"496\", height=\"375\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 25,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch1a6.jpg",
          "width": "453",
          "height": "339"
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "RASPAEIT\t\t\t\t________",
        "ans": "PARASITE",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "ROPEHYTSAP\t\t\t\t________",
        "ans": "SAPROPHYTE",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "TOROPHAUT\t\t\t\t________",
        "ans": "AUTOTROPH",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "SIBIOMSYS\t\t\t\t________",
        "ans": "SYMBIOSIS",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 4
      }
    ],
    []
  ],
  "grade": "Grade 7",
  "cs": "ch1_cs",
  "ctco": "ch1_ctco",
  "un": "ch1_un",
  "afq": "ch1_afq",
  "pbq": "ch1_pbq",
  "snc": "ch1_snc",
  "laq": "ch1_laq",
  "co": "ch1_co",
  "afow": "ch1_afow",
  "dtf": "ch1_dtf",
  "mtf": "ch1_mtf",
  "yn": "ch1_yn",
  "tf": "ch1_tf",
  "map": "ch1_map",
  "ctt": "ch1_ctt",
  "saq": "ch1_saq",
  "nf": "ch1_nf",
  "jtf": "ch1_jtf",
  "gowf": "ch1_gowf",
  "fib": "ch1_fib",
  "vsaq": "ch1_vsaq",
  "mcq": "ch1_mcq",
  "grf": "ch1_grf"
},
{
  "subject": "Science",
  "chapter": "ch2",
  "chapterName": "Chapter 2 - Nutrition in Animals",
  "all": [
    [
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Given below from (i) to (iv) are some food items.<br> (i) Boiled and mashed potato (ii) Glucose solution<br>(iii) A slice of bread (iv) Mustard oil<br>Which of the above will give blue-black colour when tested with iodine?",
        "ans": "(b) (i) and (iii)",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) (i) and (ii)",
          "(b) (i) and (iii)",
          "(c) (ii) and (iii)",
          "(d) (iii) and (iv)"
        ],
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following pairs of teeth differ in structure but are similar in function?",
        "ans": "(a) Canines and incisors.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Canines and incisors.",
          "(b) Molars and premolars.",
          "(c) Incisors and molars.",
          "(d) Premolars and canines."
        ],
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Read carefully the terms given below. Which of the following sets is the correct combination of organs that do not carry out any digestive functions?",
        "ans": "(a) Oesophagus, Large intestine, Rectum",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Oesophagus, Large intestine, Rectum",
          "(b) Buccal cavity, Oesophagus, Rectum",
          "(c) Buccal cavity, Oesophagus, Large intestine",
          "(d) Small intestine, Large intestine, Rectum"
        ],
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The swallowed food moves downwards in the alimentary canal because of",
        "ans": "(d) the contraction of muscles in the wall of food pipe.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) force provided by the muscular tongue.",
          "(b) the flow of water taken with the food.",
          "(c) gravitational pull.",
          "(d) the contraction of muscles in the wall of food pipe."
        ],
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The acid present in the stomach",
        "ans": "(a) kills the harmful bacteria that may enter along with the food.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) kills the harmful bacteria that may enter along with the food.",
          "(b) protects the stomach lining from harmful substances.",
          "(c) digests starch into simple sugars.",
          "(d) makes the medium alkaline."
        ],
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The finger-like outgrowths of amoeba help to ingest food. However, the finger-like outgrowths of human intestine help to",
        "ans": "(c) absorb the digested food.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) digest the fatty food substances.",
          "(b) make the food soluble.",
          "(c) absorb the digested food.",
          "(d) absorb the undigested food."
        ],
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Read the following statements with reference to the villi of small intestine.<br>(i) They have very thin walls.<br>(ii) They have a network of thin and small blood vessels close to the surface.<br>(iii) They have small pores through which food can easily pass.<br>(iv) They are finger-like projections.<br>Identify those statements which enable the villi to absorb digested food.",
        "ans": "(a) (i), (ii) and (iv)",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) (i), (ii) and (iv)",
          "(b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)",
          "(c) (iii) and (iv)",
          "(d) (i) and (iv)"
        ],
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The false feet of amoeba are used for",
        "ans": "(c) capture of food and movement.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) movement only.",
          "(b) capture of food only.",
          "(c) capture of food and movement.",
          "(d) exchange of gases only."
        ],
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The enzymes present in the saliva convert",
        "ans": "(b) starch into simple sugars.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) fats into fatty acids and glycerol.",
          "(b) starch into simple sugars.",
          "(c) proteins into amino acids.",
          "(d) complex sugars into simple sugars."
        ],
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Cud is the name given to the food of ruminants which is",
        "ans": "(b) swallowed and partially digested.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) swallowed and undigested.",
          "(b) swallowed and partially digested.",
          "(c) properly chewed and partially digested.",
          "(d) properly chewed and completely digested."
        ],
        "val": 10
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Choose the correct order of terms that describes the process of nutrition in ruminants.",
        "ans": "(a) swallowing → partial digestion → chewing of cud → complete digestion",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) swallowing → partial digestion → chewing of cud → complete digestion",
          "(b) chewing of cud → swallowing → partial digestion → complete digestion",
          "(c) chewing of cud → swallowing → mixing with digestive juices → digestion",
          "(d) swallowing → chewing and mixing → partial digestion → complete digestion"
        ],
        "val": 11
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Cellulose-rich food substances are good source of roughage in human beings because",
        "ans": "(a) human beings do not have cellulose-digesting enzymes.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) human beings do not have cellulose-digesting enzymes.",
          "(b) cellulose gets absorbed in the human blood and converts into fibres.",
          "(c) the cellulose-digesting bacteria convert cellulose into fibres.",
          "(d) cellulose breaks down into smaller components which are egested as roughage."
        ],
        "val": 12
      }
    ],
    [
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tTongue is attached to the roof of the mouth cavity at the back.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tThe large intestine is longer and wider than the small intestine of the human alimentary canal.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tMucus protects the stomach lining from damage.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tAll heterotrophs have a similar basic process of nutrition.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tDigestion of starch starts in stomach.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tThe tongue helps in mixing food with saliva.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tThe gall bladder temporarily stores bile.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tThe ruminants bring back swallowed grass into their mouth and chew it for sometime.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 8
      }
    ],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ and ______________________ together constitute the digestive system.",
        "ans": "Digestive tract, associated glands",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The process of taking the food into the body is called ______________________.",
        "ans": "ingestion",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The saliva breaks down the starch into ______________________.",
        "ans": "sugars",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ is a fleshy muscular organ attached at the back to the floor of the buccal cavity.",
        "ans": "Tongue",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The ______________________ is the widest part of the alimentary canal.",
        "ans": "stomach",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The inner lining of the stomach secrets _________________, __________________ and __________________.",
        "ans": "mucous, hydrochloric acid, digestive juices",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The ______________________ is the largest gland in the body which secretes bile juice.",
        "ans": "liver",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Finger-like outgrowths found on the inner side of small intestine are known as ______________________.",
        "ans": "villi",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Grazing animals like cows, goats, etc. are known as ______________________.",
        "ans": "Ruminants",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Grass contains ______________________, a type of carbohydrate which humans cannot digest.",
        "ans": "Cellulose",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 10
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "In amoeba, the food is trapped in a ______________________.",
        "ans": "food vacuole",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 11
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "In amoeba, food is digested inside the ______________________.",
        "ans": "food vacuole",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 12
      }
    ],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Match the Following.",
        "qus": null,
        "ans": "1. (c),  2. (a), 3. (d),  4. (b)",
        "code": "MTF",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [
          {
            "image": "1. Housefly",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "2. Cockroach",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "3. Mosquito",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "4. Infants",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option2": [
          {
            "image": "(a) Biting and Chewing",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(b) Suckling",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(c) Sponging",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(d) Sucking",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option3": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option4": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Name the steps involved in the process of digestion",
        "ans": "1. Ingestion (food mix with saliva).<br>2. Esophagus or food pipe (bolus moves down into stomach).<br>3. Stomach (further digestion occurs and food pass into small intestine.<br>4. Small intestine (absorption of minerals & nutrients).<br>5. Large intestine (absorption of water occur and pass into rectum).<br>6. Rectum & Anus (excretes out waste).",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Name the various compartments into which the alimentary canal of human beings is divided.",
        "ans": "The various compartments of alimentary canal are : Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine & rectum and anus.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 2,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Name the types of teeth in human beings. Mention their functions.",
        "ans": "img src='ch1a7.jpg', width=\"475\", height=\"90\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 3,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch1a7.jpg",
          "width": "475",
          "height": "90"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Which teeth do you use for<br>(a) biting and cutting food? _____________________",
        "ans": "incisor teeth",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 4,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Which teeth do you use for<br>(b) piercing and tearing food? _____________________",
        "ans": "Canine teeth",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 5,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Which teeth do you use for<br>(c) chewing and grinding food? _____________________",
        "ans": "Premolar & Molar teeth",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 6,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Mention three important functions of the tongue.",
        "ans": "We use tongue for talking besides. It mixes saliva with the food during chewing and helps in swallowing food. We also taste food with our tongue as taste buds are present on it.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 7,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe briefly the role of small intestine in digestion.",
        "ans": "The partly digested food goes into small intestine where the digestive juices from liver & pancreas moves into the small intestine with chyme. Then the digestive juices of intestine acts on the partly digested food & convert carbohydrates such as sugars into glucose, fats into fatty acids & glycerol & proteins into amino acids these nutrients are then absorbed (absorbed by villi present in intestine).",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 8,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Discuss the “role of villi” in the small intestine.",
        "ans": "The villi increase the surface area for absorption of the digested food. Each villus has a network of thin & small blood vessels that are used to absorb the digested food materials from villi into body.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 9,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What happens to the digested food after absorption?",
        "ans": "The absorbed substances are transported via the blood vessels to different organ of the body where they are used to build complex substance such as the proteins required by the body. This is called assimilation.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 10,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is rumination? Name two ruminants.",
        "ans": "The cow quickly swallow the grass in a part of stomach called rumen. Here the food partially digested and is called cud. But later the cud returns to the mouth in small lumps & the cow chews it again. This process is called rumination, cows, buffaloes etc. are ruminants.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 11,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Where is cellulose digested in case of ruminants? How does it take place?",
        "ans": "Cellulose is a type of carbohydrate. Ruminants have a large sac-like structure called rumen between the oesophagus & small intestine. The cellulose is digested here by action of certain bacteria which are not present in humans.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 12,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is amoeba?",
        "ans": "Amoeba is a microscopic single celled organism fond on pond water amoeba has a cell membrane a rounded dense nucleus and many small bubble like vacuoles.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 13,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Write briefly about the process of feeding and digestion in amoeba.",
        "ans": "Amoeba feeds on some microscopic organism it engulfs food particle with the false feet called pseudopodia. The food becomes trapped in food vacuole & digestion begains by digestive juices which act on food and break it into simple substances.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 14,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Label the given figure as directed below in (i) to (iv) and give the name of each type of teeth.<br>(i) The cutting and biting teeth as ‘A’ <br>(ii) The piercing and tearing teeth as ‘B’<br>(iii) The grinding and chewing teeth as ‘C’ <br>(iv) The grinding teeth present only in adults as ‘D’",
        "ans": "img src='ch2a1.jpg', width=\"567\", height=\"207\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 15,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "ch2a1a.jpg",
          "width": "198",
          "height": "156"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch2a1.jpg",
          "width": "567",
          "height": "207"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Label the parts in the following figure and name them.<br>(a) The largest gland in our body.(b) The organ from where protein digestion starts.<br>(c) The organ that releases digestive juice into the small intestine.<br>(d) The organ in which bile juice gets stored.",
        "ans": "img src='ch2a2.jpg', width=\"489\", height=\"346\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 16,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "ch2a2a.jpg",
          "width": "166",
          "height": "334"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch2a2.jpg",
          "width": "375",
          "height": "359"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Solve the following crossword.<br><b>Across :</b><br>1. Cream-coloured digestive gland<br>4. Organ that mixes saliva with the food<br>5. Point of defecation<br>7. Stored in gall bladder<br>10. Finger-like outgrowth in the small intestine<br>13. Kind of taste buds<br>14. Kills bacteria in the stomach<br><br><b>Down :</b><br>2. Feeds with the help of pseudopodia<br>3. Undigested excretory solid residues<br>6. Total number of molars in one jaw of an adult<br>8. Largest gland<br>9. Watery secretion in the mouth",
        "ans": "img src='ch2a4.jpg', width=\"366\", height=\"307\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 17,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "ch2a3.jpg",
          "width": "366",
          "height": "309"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch2a4.jpg",
          "width": "366",
          "height": "307"
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    []
  ],
  "grade": "Grade 7",
  "ctco": "ch2_ctco",
  "jtf": "ch2_jtf",
  "mtf": "ch2_mtf",
  "pbq": "ch2_pbq",
  "cs": "ch2_cs",
  "laq": "ch2_laq",
  "saq": "ch2_saq",
  "yn": "ch2_yn",
  "dtf": "ch2_dtf",
  "co": "ch2_co",
  "snc": "ch2_snc",
  "vsaq": "ch2_vsaq",
  "mcq": "ch2_mcq",
  "nf": "ch2_nf",
  "afow": "ch2_afow",
  "fib": "ch2_fib",
  "afq": "ch2_afq",
  "map": "ch2_map",
  "gowf": "ch2_gowf",
  "grf": "ch2_grf",
  "ctt": "ch2_ctt",
  "un": "ch2_un",
  "tf": "ch2_tf"
},
{
  "subject": "Science",
  "chapter": "ch3",
  "chapterName": "Chapter 3 - Fibre to Fabric",
  "all": [
    [
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The rearing of silkworms for obtaining silk is called",
        "ans": "(c) sericulture",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) cocoon",
          "(b) silk",
          "(c) sericulture",
          "(d) silviculture"
        ],
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following is not a type of silk?",
        "ans": "(d) Moth silk",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Mulberry silk",
          "(b) Tassar silk",
          "(c) Mooga silk",
          "(d) Moth silk"
        ],
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Addy wanted to buy a gift made of animal fibre obtained without killing the animal. Which of the following would be the right gift for her to buy?",
        "ans": "(a) Woollen shawl",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Woollen shawl",
          "(b) Silk scarf",
          "(c) Animal fur cap",
          "(d) Leather jacket"
        ],
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Silk fibre is obtained from",
        "ans": "(c) cocoon",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) fleece of sheep",
          "(b) cotton boll",
          "(c) cocoon",
          "(d) shiny jute stalk"
        ],
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Wool fibre cannot be obtained from which of the following?",
        "ans": "(d) Moth",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Goat",
          "(b) Llama",
          "(c) Alpaca",
          "(d) Moth"
        ],
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Selective breeding is a process of",
        "ans": "(d) selecting fine hair for good quality wool.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) selecting the offspring with desired properties.",
          "(b) selecting the parents with desired properties.",
          "(c) selecting an area for breeding.",
          "(d) selecting fine hair for good quality wool."
        ],
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The general process that takes place at a sheep shearing shed is",
        "ans": "(a) removal of fleece.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) removal of fleece.",
          "(b) separating hair of different textures.",
          "(c) washing of sheep fibre to remove grease.",
          "(d) rolling of sheep fibre into yarn.)"
        ],
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The term sericulture is used for",
        "ans": "(b) rearing of silkworm for obtaining silk",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) culture of bacteria",
          "(b) rearing of silkworm for obtaining silk",
          "(c) making silk fabric from silk yarn",
          "(d) production of sarees"
        ],
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Reeling of silk is",
        "ans": "(d) the process of taking silk threads from cocoon",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) a process of making silk reels",
          "(b) spinning of silk fibres",
          "(c) weaving of silk cloth",
          "(d) the process of taking silk threads from cocoon"
        ],
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Silkworms secrete fibre made of",
        "ans": "(c) protein",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) fat",
          "(b) cellulose",
          "(c) protein",
          "(d) nylon"
        ],
        "val": 10
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The well-known Indian breeds of sheep are",
        "ans": "(d) All of these",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Lohi",
          "(b) Rampur Bushair",
          "(c) Bakharwal",
          "(d) All of these"
        ],
        "val": 11
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following countries is considered to be the leading producer of silk?",
        "ans": "(b) China",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) India",
          "(b) China",
          "(c) Thailand",
          "(d) Sri Lanka"
        ],
        "val": 12
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Sorter’s disease, a fatal blood disease associated with wool industry, is caused by",
        "ans": "(a) A bacterium, Bacillus",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) A bacterium, Bacillus",
          "(b) a bacterium, Salmonella",
          "(c) a virus, HIV",
          "(d) a bacterium, Anthrax"
        ],
        "val": 13
      }
    ],
    [
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tSilkworms are caterpillars of silk moth.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tIn India, camels and goats are generally reared for obtaining wool.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tThe rearing of silkworms for obtaining silk is called silviculture.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tIn the process of obtaining wool from fleece, sorting is done after scouring.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tYak hairs are not used to make woollen fabric.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 5
      }
    ],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Wool is obtained from the ______________________ of sheep or yak.",
        "ans": "fleece",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The underfur of ______________________ is woven into Pashmina shawls.",
        "ans": "kashmiri goat",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ breed of goats is found in the hilly regions of Jammu and Kashmir.",
        "ans": "Angora",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "___________________ and ______________________ which are found in South America also yield wool.",
        "ans": "Llama, Alpaca",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ breed of sheep is found in Rajasthan and Punjab.",
        "ans": "Lohi",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The removal of grease, dirt and dust from the sheared hair is called ______________________.",
        "ans": "scouring",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The small fluffy fibres which are sometimes found on our sweater, are known as ______________________.",
        "ans": "burrs",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The rearing of silkworms for obtaining silk is called ______________________.",
        "ans": "sericulture",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Silkworms are ______________________ hatched larvae of ______________________.",
        "ans": "moth, catterpiller",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The process of taking out threads from the cocoon for use as silk is called ______________________.",
        "ans": "reeling the skill",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 10
      }
    ],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Match the Following.",
        "qus": null,
        "ans": "1. (d),  2. (c), 3. (b),  4. (a),  5. (g),  6. (e),  7. (h),  8. (f)",
        "code": "MTF",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [
          {
            "image": "1. Yak wool",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "2. Angora coats",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "3. Mulberry leaves",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "4. Scouring",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "5. Pashmina shawl",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "6. Woollen carpet",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "7. Baby blanket",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "8. Woollen sweater",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option2": [
          {
            "image": "(a) Sheared hair",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(b) Silkworm",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(c) Tibet and Ladakh",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(d) Jammu and Kashmir",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(e) Camel wool",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(f) Angora wool",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(g) Kashmir goat",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(h) Sheep wool",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option3": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option4": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What are the main sources of wool?",
        "ans": "The sources of wool are the fleece of sheep, underfurs of Kashmiri goat and furs (hair) on the body of camels is also used as wool.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is wool? Mention two types of fibres that form the fleece of sheep.",
        "ans": "Wool is a natural and animal fiber that comes from animals like sheep, goat, yalk & other animals the two types of fibers are :<br>(i) The coarse beard hair and <br>(ii) The fine soft under hair close to skin.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 2,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Name four Indian breeds of sheep that are reared by shepherds.",
        "ans": "img src='ch3a1.jpg', width=\"225\", height=\"75\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 3,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch3a1.jpg",
          "width": "225",
          "height": "75"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe the steps involved in the processing of fibres into wool.",
        "ans": "Step 1 — Shearing<br>Step 2 — Scouring<br>Step 3 — Sorting<br>Step 4 — Burrs are separated<br>Step 5 — Fibres can be dyed now.<br>Step 6 — Fibres are rolled into yarn from which yarn are woven into cloth.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 4,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Wool is derived from hairy fibres of animals. How does this wool keep us warm in winter?",
        "ans": "As wool is derived from hairy animals they have a thick layer of hair. Hair trap a lot of air, air is a poor conductor of heat. So hair keep these animals warm. As woolen wear are made up of same hair fibres it also follows the same process and keep us warm.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 5,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Which teeth do you use for<br>(c) chewing and grinding food? _____________________",
        "ans": "Premolar & Molar teeth",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 6,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe briefly the life history of silk moth.",
        "ans": "img src='ch3a2.jpg', width=\"503\", height=\"84\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 7,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch3a2.jpg",
          "width": "503",
          "height": "84"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Write any two properties of silk.",
        "ans": "The silk fiber from the cocoon of moth is soft lustrous and elastic and can be dyed in beautiful colours.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 8,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Name the varieties of silk obtained from silk moths.",
        "ans": "There are variety of silk moths which look very different in texture coarse, smooth, shiney etc. and varieties of silk such as tussar silk, muga silk, kosa silk etc.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 9,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain briefly the steps involved in the processing of silk.",
        "ans": "Step 1 — Raising silkworms & harvesting cocoons.<br>Step 2 — Thread extraction.<br>Step 3 — Dyeing<br>Step 4 — Spinning<br>Step 5 — Weaving",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 10,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Write a caption for each of the figures given as (a–d).",
        "ans": "img src='ch3a4.jpg', width=\"428\", height=\"315\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 11,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "ch3a3.jpg",
          "width": "315",
          "height": "296"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch3a4.jpg",
          "width": "428",
          "height": "314"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "The given figure shows three rings of circles with letters in them. Some of these letters in each ring can form the name of one wool-yielding animal. Find the names of these animals.",
        "ans": "img src='ch3a6.jpg', width=\"344\", height=\"277\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 12,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "ch3a5.jpg",
          "width": "277",
          "height": "276"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch3a6.jpg",
          "width": "344",
          "height": "277"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Given below is a crossword puzzle based on this lesson. Use hints to fill in the blank spaces with letters that complete the words.<br><b>Across :</b><br>(A) 1. Keeps warm<br>2. Its leaves are eaten by silkworms<br>3. Hatches from egg to moth.<br><br><b>Down :</b><br>(D) 1. Thorough washing<br>2. Animal fibre<br.3. Long thread-like structure",
        "ans": "img src='ch3a8.jpg', width=\"275\", height=\"175\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 13,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "ch3a7.jpg",
          "width": "277",
          "height": "180"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch3a8.jpg",
          "width": "275",
          "height": "175"
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "TURECULRISE\t\t\t\t________ ",
        "ans": "SERICULTURE",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "WILSMORK\t\t\t\t________ ",
        "ans": "SILKWORM",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "BELMURRY\t\t\t\t________ ",
        "ans": "MULBERRY",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "RINGLEE\t\t\t\t________ ",
        "ans": "REELING",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 4
      }
    ],
    []
  ],
  "grade": "Grade 7",
  "co": "ch3_co",
  "fib": "ch3_fib",
  "saq": "ch3_saq",
  "vsaq": "ch3_vsaq",
  "jtf": "ch3_jtf",
  "un": "ch3_un",
  "mcq": "ch3_mcq",
  "yn": "ch3_yn",
  "snc": "ch3_snc",
  "dtf": "ch3_dtf",
  "grf": "ch3_grf",
  "cs": "ch3_cs",
  "nf": "ch3_nf",
  "tf": "ch3_tf",
  "ctt": "ch3_ctt",
  "afq": "ch3_afq",
  "ctco": "ch3_ctco",
  "mtf": "ch3_mtf",
  "gowf": "ch3_gowf",
  "laq": "ch3_laq",
  "map": "ch3_map",
  "pbq": "ch3_pbq",
  "afow": "ch3_afow"
},
{
  "subject": "Science",
  "chapter": "ch4",
  "chapterName": "Chapter 4 - Heat",
  "all": [
    [
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "One litre of water at 30 °C is mixed with one litre of water at 50 °C. The temperature of the mixture will be*",
        "ans": "(d) between 30 °C and 50 °C",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) 80 °C",
          "(b) more than 50 °C but less than 80 °C",
          "(c) 20 °C",
          "(d) between 30 °C and 50 °C"
        ],
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "An iron ball at 40 °C is dropped in a mug containing water at 40 °C. The heat will*",
        "ans": "(b) Not flow from iron ball to water or water to iron ball.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Flow from iron ball to water.",
          "(b) Not flow from iron ball to water or water to iron ball.",
          "(c) Flow from water to iron ball.",
          "(d) Increase the temperature of both."
        ],
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "A wooden spoon is dipped in a cup of cream. Its other end*",
        "ans": "(d) Does not become cold.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Becomes cold by the process of conduction.",
          "(b) Becomes cold by the process of convection.",
          "(c) Becomes cold by the process of radiation.",
          "(d) Does not become cold."
        ],
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Stainless steel pans are usually provided with copper bottoms. The reason for this could be that*",
        "ans": "(c) Copper is a better conductor of heat than stainless steel.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Copper bottom makes the pan more durable.",
          "(b) Such pans appear colourful.",
          "(c) Copper is a better conductor of heat than stainless steel.",
          "(d) Copper is easier to clean than stainless steel."
        ],
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "A marble tile would feel cold as compared to a wooden tile on a winter morning, because the marble tile",
        "ans": "(a) is a better conductor of heat than the wooden tile.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) is a better conductor of heat than the wooden tile.",
          "(b) is polished while wooden tile is not polished.",
          "(c) reflects more heat than wooden tile.",
          "(d) is a poor conductor of heat than the wooden tile."
        ],
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "A beggar wrapped himself with a few layers of newspaper on a cold winter night. This helped him to keep himself warm because",
        "ans": "(b) air trapped between the layers of newspaper is a bad conductor of heat.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) friction between the layers of newspaper produces heat.",
          "(b) air trapped between the layers of newspaper is a bad conductor of heat.",
          "(c) newspaper is a conductor of heat.",
          "(d) newspaper is at a higher temperature than the temperature of the surroundings."
        ],
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Aakash and Riya measured their body temperature. Aakash found it to be 98.6 °F and Riya recorded 37 °C. Which of the followng statements is true?",
        "ans": "(c) Both have normal body temperature.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Aakash has a higher body temperature than Riya.",
          "(b) Aakash has a lower body temperature than Riya.",
          "(c) Both have normal body temperature.",
          "(d) Both are suffering from fever."
        ],
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Four arrangements to measure the temperature of ice in a beaker with laboratory thermometer are shown in the figure (a, b, c and d). Which one of them shows the correct arrangement for accurate measurement of temperature?",
        "ans": "Ch4a4.jpg",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "Ch4a2.jpg",
          "Ch4a3.jpg",
          "Ch4a4.jpg",
          "Ch4a5.jpg"
        ],
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The given figures (a–d) show a student reading a doctor’s thermometer. Which of the figures indicates the correct method of reading temperature?",
        "ans": "Ch4a8.jpg",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "Ch4a6.jpg",
          "Ch4a7.jpg",
          "Ch4a8.jpg",
          "Ch4a9.jpg"
        ],
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": null,
        "ans": "(b) 37° C",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) 38° C",
          "(b) 37° C",
          "(c) 39° C",
          "(d) 40° C"
        ],
		"pic": {
          "image": "Ch4a10.jpg",
          "width": "568",
          "height": "164"
        },
        "val": 10
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "A reliable measure of the hotness of an object is its ______________________.",
        "ans": "temperature",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "In India, temperature is measured in ______________________.",
        "ans": "Calsius scale",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ is the normal temperature of human body",
        "ans": "37°C",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Thermometer should be washed before and after use preferably with ______________________.",
        "ans": "antisaptic solution",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The range of clinical thermometer is from ______________________ to ______________________.",
        "ans": "35°C, 42°C",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The range of laboratory thermometer is from ______________________ to ______________________.",
        "ans": "-10°C, 110°C",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ is used to measure the temperature of different objects.",
        "ans": "Laboratory thermomeater",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The heat flows from a body at a ________________ temperature to a body at a _______________ temperature.",
        "ans": "hotter, colder",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "In solids, the heat is generally transferred by the process of ______________________.",
        "ans": "conduction",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ does not allow the heat to pass from them easily.",
        "ans": "insulators",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 10
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The air from the sea is called ______________________.",
        "ans": "sea breeze",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 11
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ is the process by which heat of the sun reaches us.",
        "ans": "Radiation",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 12
      }
    ],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Match the Following.",
        "qus": null,
        "ans": "1. (d),  2. (c), 3. (b),  4. (a)",
        "code": "MTF",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [
          {
            "image": "1. Land breeze blows during",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "2. Sea breeze blows during",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "3. Dark coloured clothes are preferred during",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "4. Light coloured clothes are preferred during",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option2": [
          {
            "image": "(a) Summer",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(b) Winter",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(c) Day",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(d) Night",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option3": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option4": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Name the two scales used to measure temperature.",
        "ans": "Fahrenheit scale (°F)<br>Celsius scale (°C)",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe the construction of a clinical thermometer with a diagram.",
        "ans": "A clinical thermometer consists of a long narrow, uniform glass tube, it has a bulb at one end, This bulb contains mercury, outside the bulb a small shining thread of mercury can be seen.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 2,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch4a1.jpg",
          "width": "546",
          "height": "135"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Write the precautions one should observe while reading a clinical thermometer.",
        "ans": "• Wash thermometer before and after use with antiseptic solution.<br>• Ensure that before use the mercury level is below 35°C.<br>• Read the thermometer keeping the level of mercury along the straight line and handle it with care.<br>• Do not hold the thermometer by the bulb while reading it.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 3,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Mercury level does not fall or rise in a clinical thermometer when taken out of the mouth. Why?",
        "ans": "Because of the constriction of the capillary present near the mercury bulb, that helps the raised mercury to be stable at its temperature and prevents the back. How until jerk is not applied.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 4,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "A clinical thermometer has the range of 35 °C to 42 °C. Why?",
        "ans": "The chemical thermometer is designed to measure the temperature of human body only. The temperature of the human body normally does not go below 35°C or above 42°C. That is the reason that this thermometer has the range 35°C to 42°C.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 5,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What are the precautions which should be taken while using a laboratory thermometer?",
        "ans": "• Wash thermometer before and after use<br>• Ensure that mercury is at normal room temperature<br>• Handle it with care to do not touch the bulb while reading.<br>• It should be kept upright not tilled<br>• Bulb should be surrounded from all sides by the substance of which the temperature is to be measured.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 6,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Mention one cause of concern due to the use of mercury in thermometer.",
        "ans": "There is a lot of concern over the use of mercury in thermometers. Mercury is a toxic substance and is very difficult to dispose of a thermometer breaks. These days digital thermometeras are available which do not use mercury.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 7,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Why laboratory thermometer cannot be used to measure our body temperature?",
        "ans": "As laboratory thermometer are designed to measure a wide range of temp. i.e. – 10° C to 110° C more over, Laboratory thermometer do not have any the of construction or kink due to which the mercury level cannot be stable when removed out of the body.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 8,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe an experiment to show that heat flows from a hotter object to a colder object.",
        "ans": "Take a rod or feat strip of metal. Fix a few small wax pieces on the rod at equal distance. Clamp the rod to a stand now heat the other end of the rod with candle. You will observe the meeting of wax on the strip from end closer to heat to the colder and with the heat transfer. This shows that heat passes from hotter end to cooler end by process called conduction.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 9,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe an activity to show that convection takes place in liquids.",
        "ans": "Take a flask filled 3/4 with water keep if on tripod stand and let the water to be still. Now add the potassium crystal into the flask with help of straw. Heat the flask exactly below the crystal. You will see as the water temperature rises the water molecules near to the crystal to flame will move up and cooler molecules will move down. This shows convection.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 10,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What are ‘conductors’? Give two examples.",
        "ans": "The materials which allow heat to pass through them easily are conductors of heat. Example: aluminium, iron and copper etc.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 11,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Give one point of difference between convection and radiation.",
        "ans": "<b>Convection</b><br>The transfer of heat in a liquid medium is calledconvection.<br><b>Radiation</b><br>The transfer of heat without any medium between earth and sun is called Radiation.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 12,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Give two examples from everyday life where heat is transferred by radiation.",
        "ans": "Visible light of a candle is an example of radiation, microwaves from microwave is another example of radiation.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 13,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Discuss why wearing more layers of clothing during winter keeps us warmer than wearing just one thick piece of clothing.*",
        "ans": "During winters we prefer wearing more layers of clothing than just one thick piece of clothing because air gets trapped in between the various clothing layers. Being a poor conductor of heat air prevents heat lossfrom our body.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 14,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "In places of hot climate it is advised that the outer walls of houses be painted white. Explain.*",
        "ans": "As the white colour reflects heat/radiation coming from the sun, thus protecting the amount of cold air to be inside the house.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 15,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "A pair of thin blankets is more warm as compared to one thick blanket. Why?",
        "ans": "Because the air trapped in between the blanket and fibers prevents the flow of heat from our body to the cold surroundings.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 16,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How do woollen clothes keep us warm during winter?",
        "ans": "Wool is poor conductor of heat, there is air trapped in between the wool fibers, this air prevents the flow of heat from our body to the cold surroundings.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 17,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "A laboratory thermometer A is kept 7 cm away on the side of the flame, while a similar thermometer B is kept 7 cm above the flame of a candle as shown in the figure. Which of the thermometers, A or B, will show a greater rise in temperature? Give reason for your answer.",
        "ans": "Thermometer at the height of 7 cm above the flame will show greater rise as the hot molecules of the hot air will move upwards raining the temperature of thermometer.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 18,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch4a11.jpg",
          "width": "240",
          "height": "154"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "A circular metal loop is heated at point O as shown in the figure below.<br>(i) In which direction would the heat flow in the loop?<br>(ii) In which order the pins at points P, Q and R fixed with the help of wax will fall if points O, P, Q and R are equidistant from each other?",
        "ans": "(i) Heat will flow in equal amount on both directions.<br>(ii) Points P & R will fall first together and then Q.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 19,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch4a12.jpg",
          "width": "229",
          "height": "200"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "In the arrangements A and B shown in the figure, pins P and Q are fixed to a metal loop and an iron rod with the help of wax. In which case are both the pins likely to fall at different times? Explain.",
        "ans": "(B)",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 20,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch4a13.jpg",
          "width": "332",
          "height": "171"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Look at the figures given below. The length of wire PQ in case of A is equal to the diameter of the semicircle formed by the wire CDE in case B. One pin is attached to each wire with the help of wax as shown in the figure. Which pin will fall first? Explain.",
        "ans": "(A)",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 21,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch4a14.jpg",
          "width": "389",
          "height": "177"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "In the figure given below, mark where the heat is being transferred by conduction, by convection and by radiation.",
        "ans": "No Answer",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 22,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch4a15a.jpg",
          "width": "166",
          "height": "153"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch4a15.jpg",
          "width": "239",
          "height": "181"
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
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    [],
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    [],
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  "co": "ch4_co",
  "grade": "Grade 7",
  "dtf": "ch4_dtf",
  "laq": "ch4_laq",
  "ctt": "ch4_ctt",
  "mcq": "ch4_mcq",
  "yn": "ch4_yn",
  "fib": "ch4_fib",
  "gowf": "ch4_gowf",
  "saq": "ch4_saq",
  "ctco": "ch4_ctco",
  "map": "ch4_map",
  "jtf": "ch4_jtf",
  "grf": "ch4_grf",
  "nf": "ch4_nf",
  "snc": "ch4_snc",
  "un": "ch4_un",
  "vsaq": "ch4_vsaq",
  "mtf": "ch4_mtf",
  "afq": "ch4_afq",
  "afow": "ch4_afow",
  "tf": "ch4_tf",
  "cs": "ch4_cs",
  "pbq": "ch4_pbq"
},
{
  "subject": "Science",
  "chapter": "ch5",
  "chapterName": "Chapter 5 - Acids, Bases and Salts",
  "all": [
    [
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The correct way of making a solution of acid in water is to",
        "ans": "(b) add acid to water.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) add water to acid.",
          "(b) add acid to water.",
          "(c) mix acid and water simultaneously.",
          "(d) add water to acid in a shallow container."
        ],
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Products of a neutralisation reaction are always",
        "ans": "(c) a salt and water.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) an acid and a base.",
          "(b) an acid and a salt.",
          "(c) a salt and water.",
          "(d) a salt and a base."
        ],
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Turmeric is a natural indicator. On adding its paste to acid and base separately, which colours would be observed?",
        "ans": "(b) Yellow in acid and red in base.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Yellow in both acid and base.",
          "(b) Yellow in acid and red in base.",
          "(c) Pink in acid and yellow in base.",
          "(d) Red in acid and blue in base."
        ],
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Phenolphthalein is a synthetic indicator and its colours in acidic and basic solutions, respectively, are",
        "ans": "(d) colourless and pink.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) red and blue.",
          "(b) blue and red.",
          "(c) pink and colourless.",
          "(d) colourless and pink."
        ],
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "When the soil is too basic, plants do not grow well in it. To improve its quality what must be added to the soil?",
        "ans": "(a) Organic matter",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Organic matter",
          "(b) Quick lime",
          "(c) Slaked lime",
          "(d) Calamine solution"
        ],
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "‘Litmus’, a natural dye is an extract of which of the following?",
        "ans": "(c) Lichen",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) China rose (Gudhal)",
          "(b) Beetroot",
          "(c) Lichen",
          "(d) Blueberries (Jamun)"
        ],
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Neutralisation reaction is a",
        "ans": "(d) chemical change that cannot be reversed.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) physical and reversible change.",
          "(b) physical change that cannot be reversed.",
          "(c) chemical and reversible change.",
          "(d) chemical change that cannot be reversed."
        ],
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "A solution changes the colour of turmeric indicator from yellow to red. The solution is",
        "ans": "(a) basic.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) basic.",
          "(b) acidic.",
          "(c) neutral.",
          "(d) either neutral or acidic."
        ],
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following sets of substances contain acids?",
        "ans": "(d) Curd, vinegar",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Grapes, lime water",
          "(b) Vinegar, soap",
          "(c) Curd, milk of magnesia",
          "(d) Curd, vinegar"
        ],
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "On adding phenolphthalein indicator to a colourless solution, no change is observed. What is the nature of this solution?",
        "ans": "(c) Either acidic or neutral",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Basic",
          "(b) Either acidic or basic",
          "(c) Either acidic or neutral",
          "(d) Either basic or neutral"
        ],
        "val": 10
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following is an acid-base indicator?",
        "ans": "(c) Turmeric",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Vinegar",
          "(b) Lime water",
          "(c) Turmeric",
          "(d) Baking soda"
        ],
        "val": 11
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Select the correct statement:",
        "ans": "(d) Change of colour in an acid or a base depends on the type of the indicator.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Both acids and bases change colour of all indicators.",
          "(b) If an indicator gives a colour change with an acid, it does not give a change with a base.",
          "(c) If an indicator changes colour with a base, it does not change colour with an acid.",
          "(d) Change of colour in an acid or a base depends on the type of the indicator."
        ],
        "val": 12
      }
    ],
    [
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tAll substances are either acidic or basic.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False (Not all substances can be acid or base, some can be neutral too)",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tA compound if acidic will turn all indicators red.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False (It depends on type of indicator weather to show colour or not eg: Base turns turmeric sol red and not acid)",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tLime water turns red litmus blue.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tCommon salt dissolved in water turns blue litmus red.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False (It is neutral, so do not show any change on litmus paper).",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tPhenolphthalein is a natural indicator.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False (Phenolphthalein is chemical indicator).",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tCalamine can be used to treat ant’s sting.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tLemon water is basic in nature.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 7
      }
    ],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Substances which are sour in taste are ______________________.",
        "ans": "Acid",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ are the substances which are bitter in taste and feel soapy on touch.",
        "ans": "Base",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ are used to check whether a substance is acid or base.",
        "ans": "Indicator",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Turmeric is an example of ______________________ indicators.",
        "ans": "Natural",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Acids turn ______________________ litmus ______________________.",
        "ans": "Blue, Red ",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ is the most commonly used natural indicator.",
        "ans": "Litmus",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Base turns ______________________ litmus to ______________________.",
        "ans": "Red, blue",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "In neutralisation reaction, ______________________ is always produced.",
        "ans": "salt",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "When the solution is basic, phenolphthalein gives ______________________ colour.",
        "ans": "pink in",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "When the solution is basic, phenolphthalein gives ______________________ colour.",
        "ans": "Salf, water",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 10
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The sting of an ant contains ______________________ which can be neutralised by rubbing moist ____________________________.",
        "ans": "formic acid, baking soda/Calamine solution",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 11
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "When the soil is too ______________________, it is treated with quick lime or slaked lime.",
        "ans": "acidic",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 12
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Excessive use of chemical fertilisers makes the soil ______________________.",
        "ans": "acidic",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 13
      }
    ],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Match the Following.",
        "qus": null,
        "ans": "1. (c),  2. (e), 3. (d),  4. (a),  5. (b)",
        "code": "MTF",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [
          {
            "image": "1. Tartaric Acid",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "2. Calcium Hydroxide",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "3. Formic acid",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "4. Sodium hydroxide",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "5. Lactic acid",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option2": [
          {
            "image": "(a) Soap",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(b) Curd",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(c) Unripe mangoes",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(d) Ant’s sting",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(e) Lime water",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option3": [
          {
            "image": null,
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            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
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          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
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          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
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          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
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        ],
        "option4": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
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          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
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          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
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          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What are indicators? Give some examples of naturally occurring indicators.",
        "ans": "Indicators are substances used to test weather the substances is an acid or a base. Turmeric and china rose petals are some naturally occurring indicators.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Give two differences between an acid and a base.*",
        "ans": "img src='Ch5a1.jpg', width=\"275\", height=\"85\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 2,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch5a1.jpg",
          "width": "275",
          "height": "85"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Name the acid/base present in the following substances:<br>(a) Vinegar __________________________________<br>(b) Ant sting __________________________________<br>(c) Orange juice __________________________________<br>(d) Lime water __________________________________<br>(e) Milk of magnesia __________________________________<br>(f) Curd __________________________________<br>(g) Soap __________________________________<br>(h) Tamarind __________________________________",
        "ans": "(a) Acetic acid<br>(b) Formic acid<br>(c) Citric acid<br>(d) Calcium hydroxide base<br>(e) Magnesium hydroxide base<br>(f) Lactic acid <br>(g) Sodium hydroxide/Potassium hydroxide<br>(h) Tartric acid",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 3,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What are neutral solutions?",
        "ans": "The solutions which do not change the colour of either red or blue litmus are known as neutral.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 4,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Name three naturally occurring acids and their sources.",
        "ans": "<b>Acids</b><br>Formic acid<br>Lactic acid<br>Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)<b>Sources</b><br>Ant’s sting<br>Curd<br>Amla, Citrus fruits",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 5,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Three liquids are given to you. One is hydrochloric acid, another is sodium hydroxide and third one is a sugar solution. How will you identify them? You have only turmeric solution.*",
        "ans": "Nature of solutions <br>• Sodium hydroxide = basic<br>• Hydrochloric acid = acidic<br>• Sugar solution = neutral<br>Now → Add a drop of all the solution on turmeric indicator one by one. The solution which gives red colour is sodium hydroxide. Now mix one drop of sodium hydroxide in one-one drop of both the solutions. The solution which gives red colour is a mixture of sugar solution and sodium hydroxide. The solution that do not give any other colour is HCl.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 6,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Name the source from which litmus solution is obtained. What is the use of this solution?*",
        "ans": "The most commonly used natural indicator is litmus it is extracted from lichens. It has a purple colour in water. It is used as an indicator.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 7,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Ammonia is found in many household products, such as window cleaners. It turns red litmus paper blue. What is its nature?*",
        "ans": "Ammonia is found in many household products; such as window cleaners. It turns red litmus paper blue. As Ammonia is alkali (basic) in Nature.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 8,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Define neutralisation. Give a suitable example to show neutralisation reaction.",
        "ans": "The reaction between acid and base is known as neutralization. e.g.:",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 9,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch5a2.jpg",
          "width": "537",
          "height": "46"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What happens when a few drops of phenolphthalein is added to an acidic and a basic solution?",
        "ans": "When a few drops of phenolphthalein (Colourless) is added to an acidic solution it do not change colour and when added into the base it changes colour from colourless to blue in the reaction.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 10,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch5a3.jpg",
          "width": "400",
          "height": "100"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Write two reactions which are examples of neutralisation.",
        "ans": "img src='Ch5a4.jpg', width=\"481\", height=\"106\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 11,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch5a4.jpg",
          "width": "350",
          "height": "35"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is the name of the acid that ants make?",
        "ans": "The name to acid that ants make is Formic acid.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 12,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is the effect of acidic soil on productivity of crops? How is the effect neutralised?",
        "ans": "Excessive use of chemical fertilizers makes the soil acidic. Plants donot grow well when the soil is either too acidic or too basic.<br>When acidic-treated with base like quicklime or slaked lime when basic – treated with organic matter.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 13,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is the cause of acid rain? How does it affect the environment?",
        "ans": "The amount of carbon dioxide present in the rain gets concentrated and forms carbonic acid which then flows with the rain and effects adversely on fresh water bodies and on soil too by increasing the amount of acid.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 14,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Ant’s sting contains formic acid. What would you rub on the skin to stop it from hurting?",
        "ans": "The effect of formic acid can be neutralized by rubbing moist baking soda (Sodium hydrogen carbonate) or calamine solution, which contains zinc carbonate.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 15,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Look at the given reaction.<br>Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide (base) → Sodium chloride (salt) + Water<br>Sodium chloride formed in this reaction remains in solution form. Can we get solid sodium chloride from this solution? Suggest a method (if any).",
        "ans": "Yes we can get solid sodium chloride from this sol by boiling it which would evaporate the water and sodium chloride crystals will be left atleast.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 16,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "The figure given below shows solutions taken in test tubes A, B, C and D. What colour is expected when a piece of red litmus paper is dropped in each test tube? Nature of the solutions is given in the table for your help.",
        "ans": "img src='Ch5a6.jpg', width=\"559\", height=\"118\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 17,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch5a5.jpg",
          "width": "395",
          "height": "233"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch5a6.jpg",
          "width": "559",
          "height": "118"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Fill in the crossword below with the help of the clues provided.<br><b>Across :</b><br>(2) The solution which does not change the colour of either red or blue litmus.<br>(4) Phenolphthalein gives pink colour in this type of solution.<br>(7) Colour of blue litmus in lemon juice.<br><br><b>Down :</b><br>(1) It is used to test whether a substance is acidic or basic.<br>(3) It is a natural indicator and gives red colour in basic solution.<br>(5) Nature of ant’s sting.<br>(6) It is responsible for increase in temperature during a neutralisation reaction.",
        "ans": "img src='Ch5a8.jpg', width=\"315\", height=\"286\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 18,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch5a7.jpg",
          "width": "303",
          "height": "276"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch5a8.jpg",
          "width": "303",
          "height": "276"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "You are provided with three test tubes A, B and C as shown in the figure with different liquids. What will you observe when you put <br>(a) a piece of blue litmus paper in each test tube?<br>(b) a piece of red litmus paper in each test tube?<br>(c) a few drops of phenolphthalein solution to each test tube?",
        "ans": "img src='Ch5a10.jpg', width=\"235\", height=\"83\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 19,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch5a9.jpg",
          "width": "260",
          "height": "202"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch5a10.jpg",
          "width": "235",
          "height": "83"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain two neutralisation reactions related to daily life situations.",
        "ans": "img src='Ch5a11.jpg', width=\"410\", height=\"120\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 20,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch5a11.jpg",
          "width": "410",
          "height": "120"
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
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    [],
    [],
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  "grade": "Grade 7",
  "fib": "ch5_fib",
  "co": "ch5_co",
  "mtf": "ch5_mtf",
  "dtf": "ch5_dtf",
  "saq": "ch5_saq",
  "afq": "ch5_afq",
  "cs": "ch5_cs",
  "ctt": "ch5_ctt",
  "yn": "ch5_yn",
  "tf": "ch5_tf",
  "vsaq": "ch5_vsaq",
  "gowf": "ch5_gowf",
  "mcq": "ch5_mcq",
  "pbq": "ch5_pbq",
  "grf": "ch5_grf",
  "snc": "ch5_snc",
  "un": "ch5_un",
  "laq": "ch5_laq",
  "afow": "ch5_afow",
  "ctco": "ch5_ctco",
  "jtf": "ch5_jtf",
  "map": "ch5_map",
  "nf": "ch5_nf"
},
{
  "subject": "Science",
  "chapter": "ch6",
  "chapterName": "Chapter 6 - Physical and Chemical Changes",
  "all": [
    [
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following is a physical change?",
        "ans": "(d) Melting of wax",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Rusting of iron",
          "(b) Combustion of magnesium ribbon",
          "(c) Burning of candle",
          "(d) Melting of wax"
        ],
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following is a chemical change?",
        "ans": "(b) Cooking of vegetables",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Twinkling of stars",
          "(b) Cooking of vegetables",
          "(c) Cutting of fruits",
          "(d) Boiling of water"
        ],
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Bursting of balloon is a",
        "ans": "(b) physical change as no new substance is formed.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) chemical change as it is reversible.",
          "(b) physical change as no new substance is formed.",
          "(c) chemical change as it releases gas.",
          "(d) both physical and chemical changes."
        ],
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "A chemical change may involve",
        "ans": "(d) all of these",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) change in colour only",
          "(b) change in temperature only",
          "(c) evolution of gas only",
          "(d) all of these"
        ],
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following is/are true when milk changes into curd?<br>(a) Its state is changed from liquid to semisolid.<br>(i) Its state is changed from liquid to semisolid.<br>(ii) It changes colour.<br>(iii) It changes taste. <br>(iv) The change cannot be reversed.<br>Choose the correct option from below:",
        "ans": "(c) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) (i) and (ii) are correct",
          "(b) (ii) and (iii) are correct",
          "(c) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct",
          "(d) (i) to (iv) are correct"
        ],
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "A man painted his main gate made up of iron. What purpose do you think it serves?<br>(i) prevents it from rusting. <br>(ii) protects it from the sun.<br>(iii) makes it look beautiful. <br>(iv) makes it dust free.<br>Choose the correct answer.",
        "ans": "(d) (i) and (iii)",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) (i) and (ii)",
          "(b) (ii) and (iii)",
          "(c) (ii) only",
          "(d) (i) and (iii)"
        ],
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Iron pillar near the Qutub Minar in Delhi is famous for the following facts. Which of these facts is responsible for its long stability?",
        "ans": "(d) It has not rusted after such a long period.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) It is more than 7 metres high.",
          "(b) It weighs about 6000 kg.",
          "(c) It was built more than 1600 years ago.",
          "(d) It has not rusted after such a long period."
        ],
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Galvanisation is a process used to prevent the rusting of which of the following?",
        "ans": "(a) Iron",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Iron",
          "(b) Zinc",
          "(c) Aluminium",
          "(d) Copper"
        ],
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Paheli’s mother made a concentrated sugar syrup by dissolving sugar in hot water. On cooling, crystals of sugar got separated. This indicates a",
        "ans": "(b) chemical change that can be reversed.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) physical change that can be reversed.",
          "(b) chemical change that can be reversed.",
          "(c) physical change that cannot be reversed.",
          "(d) chemical change that cannot be reversed."
        ],
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following statements is incorrect for a chemical reaction?",
        "ans": "(a) Heat may be given out but never absorbed.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Heat may be given out but never absorbed.",
          "(b) Sound may be produced.",
          "(c) A colour change may take place.",
          "(d) A gas may be evolved."
        ],
        "val": 10
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Two drops of dilute sulphuric acid were added to 1 g of copper sulphate powder and then small amount of hot water was added to dissolve it (step I). On cooling, beautiful blue coloured crystals got separated (step II). Step I and step II are",
        "ans": "(d) both chemical change.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) physical and chemical changes respectively.",
          "(b) chemical and physical changes respectively.",
          "(c) both physical change.",
          "(d) both chemical change."
        ],
        "val": 11
      }
    ],
    [
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tCutting a log wood into pieces is a chemical change.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False: It is a physical change as it donot disturb the chemical structure of wood.",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tFormation of manure from leaves is a physical change.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False: It is a chemical change as new substance is formed.",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tIron pipes coated with zinc do not get rusted easily.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tIron and rust are the same substances.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False as rust is iron oxide",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tCondensation of steam is not a chemical change.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 5
      }
    ],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "A piece of iron kept in the open acquires a film of brownish substance called ______________________.",
        "ans": "iron oxide (Rust)",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ ribbon burns with a brilliant white light leaving behind a powdery ash.",
        "ans": "Magnesium hydroxide",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The blue colour of the copper sulphate solution changes to green on reaction with iron; this is due to the formation of ______________________.",
        "ans": "iron sulphate",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "When ____________________________ is passed through lime water, _______________________________ is formed, which makes lime water milky.",
        "ans": "Carbon dioxide [Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>]",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "For rusting, the presence of ______________________ and ______________________ is essential.",
        "ans": "oxygen, water ",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "A coat of ___________________ or ___________________ can be applied on the object to prevent rusting.",
        "ans": "paint, grease",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The process of depositing a layer of zinc on iron is called ______________________.",
        "ans": "galvanization",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Pure salt can be obtained from a salt solution by the process of ______________________.",
        "ans": "crystallization",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The process of depositing a layer of ______________________ on iron is called galvanisation.",
        "ans": "zink",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 9
      }
    ],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Match the Following.",
        "qus": null,
        "ans": "1. (d),  2. (f), 3. (e),  4. (a),  5. (c),  6. (b)",
        "code": "MTF",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [
          {
            "image": "1. Large crystals",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "2. Depositing a layer of zinc on iron",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "3. Souring of milk",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "4. Carbon dioxide",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "5. Iron oxide",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "6. Dissolving common salt in water",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option2": [
          {
            "image": "(a) Turns lime water milky",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(b) Physical change",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(c) Rust",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(d) Sugar candy",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(e) Chemical change",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(f) Galvanisation",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option3": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option4": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What do you mean by physical change?",
        "ans": "A physical change is a reversible change, when a substance undergoes a physical change it does not give rise to a different kind of substances such a change affects one or more physical properties matter.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Name few physical properties involved in physical changes.",
        "ans": "A physical change involves a change in physical properties. For e.g.: It includes Melting (Melting of ice into water). Transition to a GAS (Water evaporating into vapour gas) change in strength and durability, change in shape, size, color, volume, density.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 2,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What do you mean by chemical change?",
        "ans": "A change in which one or more new substance is formed is called a chemical change.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 3,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What happens when a ribbon of magnesium is heated in air? Give the equation.",
        "ans": "When magnesium ribbon is burnt it gives a brilliant white light and when completely burnt it leaves behind a powdery ash.<br>Magnesium (Mg) + Oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) → Magnesium oxide (Mgo)",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 4,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Which test is performed to confirm the release of carbon dioxide in a chemical reaction?",
        "ans": "img src='Ch6a2.jpg', width=\"480\", height=\"70\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 5,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch6a1.jpg",
          "width": "277",
          "height": "161"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch6a2.jpg",
          "width": "480",
          "height": "70"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How would you show that setting of curd is a chemical change?*",
        "ans": "Do the setting of curd milk is changed to a new substance curd. When this happens it forms a irreversible change that means milk can not be made from curd. Hence after the formation of curd milk cannot be regained that shows, setting of curd is a chemical change.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 6,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What conditions are required for iron to rust? Give a chemical equation to show the process of rusting.",
        "ans": "Conditions such as moisture in air is high & humid, rusting becomes faster for rusting presence of both oxygen and water (or water vapour) is essential. <br>e.g. 4Fe + 3O<sup>2</sup> → 2Fe<sup>2</sup>O<sup>3</sup>",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 7,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch6a3.jpg",
          "width": "480",
          "height": "70"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How can the iron articles be prevented from rusting? State three ways to prevent the rusting of iron.",
        "ans": "To prevent the iron articles from rusting following 3 ways can be used. (1) One simple way is to apply oil paint. (2) galvanization → deposit a layer of metal like chromium & zinc or iron. (3) grease can also be applied to stop rusting.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 8,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Why are rusting and photosynthesis considered a chemical change?",
        "ans": "These changes are chemical change or irreversible as more than one new product is formed and further more original product cannot be regained eg:",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 9,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch6a4.jpg",
          "width": "293",
          "height": "51"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is the role of ozone layer in the upper part of atmosphere?",
        "ans": "Ozone layer is a high concentration of Ozone molecules (O<sub>3</sub>) its main function is to absorb the sun’s ultraviolet radiation hence protecting the earth from its harmful effects.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 10,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What do you understand by the term ‘Galvanisation’?",
        "ans": "Galvanization is a process of depositing a layer of zinc chromium on the iron articles which would prevent iron from rusting.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 11,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain why rusting of iron objects is faster in coastal areas than in deserts.*",
        "ans": "Is in coastal areas rusting occurs more faster because of humidity and salt water excess in environment that can cause rusting fast. Where as in desert region there is no humid climate so rusting is very less.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 12,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain how painting of an iron gate prevents it from rusting.*",
        "ans": "Painting must prevent the iron gates from rusting because it will not allow the iron gates from coming in the contact with moisture and oxygen.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 13,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Define crystallisation.",
        "ans": "Large crystals of pure substances can be formed from their solutions. The process is called crystallization.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 14,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe how crystals of copper sulphate are prepared.",
        "ans": "Take a cupful of water in beaker and take a few drops of dilute sulphuric acid. Heat the water and copper sulphate powder slowly by stirring continously keep on adding and fitter the solution and let it cool. You can see the crystals of copper sulphate at bottom.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 15,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "If you leave a piece of iron in the open for a few days, it acquires a film of brownish substance, called rust:<br>(a) Do you think rust is different from iron?<br>(b) Can you change rust back into iron by some simple method?<br>(c) Do you think formation of rust from iron is a chemical change?<br>(d) Give two other examples of a similar type of change.",
        "ans": "(a) Yes: as rust is chemical change on surface of iron 10 change it into iron oxide rust.<br>(b) No: for that at first removal of rust is necessary and then apply paint.<br>(c) Yes<br>(d) Rust on iron pipes and rusting of outer covering of sheep.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 16,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Complete the sentences.",
        "qus": "Magnesium (Mg) + Oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) → _______________",
        "ans": "MgO",
        "code": "CS",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Complete the sentences.",
        "qus": "Magnesium oxide (MgO) + Water (H<sub>2</sub>O) → _______________",
        "ans": "Mg (OH)<sub>2</sub>",
        "code": "CS",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Complete the sentences.",
        "qus": "Copper sulphate (CuSO<sub>4</sub>) + Iron(Fe) → _______________ + Copper (Cu)",
        "ans": "FeSO<sub>4</sub>",
        "code": "CS",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Complete the sentences.",
        "qus": "Iron (Fe) + Oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) + Water (H<sub>2</sub>O) → _______________",
        "ans": "2Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O",
        "code": "CS",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "val": 4
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    []
  ],
  "fib": "ch6_fib",
  "grade": "Grade 7",
  "mtf": "ch6_mtf",
  "mcq": "ch6_mcq",
  "vsaq": "ch6_vsaq",
  "saq": "ch6_saq",
  "laq": "ch6_laq",
  "co": "ch6_co",
  "grf": "ch6_grf",
  "snc": "ch6_snc",
  "gowf": "ch6_gowf",
  "ctt": "ch6_ctt",
  "dtf": "ch6_dtf",
  "un": "ch6_un",
  "yn": "ch6_yn",
  "jtf": "ch6_jtf",
  "pbq": "ch6_pbq",
  "cs": "ch6_cs",
  "afow": "ch6_afow",
  "ctco": "ch6_ctco",
  "map": "ch6_map",
  "nf": "ch6_nf",
  "tf": "ch6_tf",
  "afq": "ch6_afq"
},
{
  "subject": "Science",
  "chapter": "ch7",
  "chapterName": "Chapter 7 - Weather, Climate and Adaptation of Animals to Climate",
  "all": [
    [
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The maximum and minimum temperatures displayed daily in the weather bulletin refer to the",
        "ans": "(c) temperature recorded at 12 noon and at early morning.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) highest day temperature and lowest night temperature of the day",
          "(b) highest day temperature and highest night temperature of the month.",
          "(c) temperature recorded at 12 noon and at early morning.",
          "(d) average highest temperature of day and average lowest temperature of night."
        ],
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Out of the given definitions, which is the most appropriate definition of climate?",
        "ans": "(b) Average weather pattern of many years.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Changes in weather conditions in a year.",
          "(b) Average weather pattern of many years.",
          "(c) Change in weather pattern in a few years.",
          "(d) Weather conditions during summer."
        ],
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following briefly describes the desert climate?",
        "ans": "(c) Hot and dry",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Hot and humid",
          "(b) Dry and humid",
          "(c) Hot and dry",
          "(d) Hot and wet"
        ],
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Eddy went to a wildlife sanctuary where he saw dense vegetation of trees, shrubs, herbs and also a variety of animals like monkeys, birds, elephants, snakes, frogs, etc. The most likely location of this sanctuary is in the",
        "ans": "(b) tropical region",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) temperate region",
          "(b) tropical region",
          "(c) polar region",
          "(d) coastal region"
        ],
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Given below are some adaptive features of animals:<br>(i) Layer of fat under the skin<br>(ii) Long, curved and sharp claws<br>(iii) Slippery body<br>(iv) Thick white fur<br>Which of them are the adaptive features of a polar bear?",
        "ans": "(d) (i), (ii), and (iv) only",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) (i) only",
          "(b) (i) and (ii) only",
          "(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) only",
          "(d) (i), (ii), and (iv) only"
        ],
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following statements is incorrect for penguins?",
        "ans": "(d) They have streamlined body",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) They huddle together",
          "(b) They cannot swim",
          "(c) They have webbed feet",
          "(d) They have streamlined body"
        ],
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Read the following environmental conditions of tropical rainforests:<br>(i) Hot and humid climate <br>(ii) Unequal lengths of day and night<br>(iii) Abundant rainfall <br>(iv) Abundant light and moisture<br>Identify the conditions from the above list that are responsible for the presence of large number of plants and animals in tropical rainforests.",
        "ans": "(b) Unequal lengths of day and night(i) and (iii)",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) (i) and (ii)",
          "(b) Unequal lengths of day and night(i) and (iii)",
          "(c) (i), (iii) and (iv)",
          "(d) (ii) and (iv)"
        ],
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The coldest region on the earth is the",
        "ans": "(a) polar region",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) polar region",
          "(b) tropical region",
          "(c) temperate region",
          "(d) coastal region"
        ],
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Choose the odd one from the following options :",
        "ans": "(c) Long grasping tail",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Thick layer of fat under the skin",
          "(b) White fur",
          "(c) Long grasping tail",
          "(d) Wide and large feet with sharp claws"
        ],
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which option describes a tropical region?*",
        "ans": "(a) Hot and humid",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Hot and humid",
          "(b) Moderate temperature, heavy rainfall",
          "(c) Cold and humid",
          "(d) Hot and dry"
        ],
        "val": 10
      }
    ],
    [
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tIt is easy to predict the weather rather than the climate.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False. As weather can also change several times a day.",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tSince very few prey are available, polar bear does not need to have strong sense of smell.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False. They have very strong sense of smell.",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tPenguins stick together to fight the cold polar climate.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True.",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tTropical rainforests are cool and humid throughout the year because of heavy rains all the time.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False. Are hot and humid with plenty of rainfall.",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tThe tusks of elephants are modified teeth that help in tearing the bark of trees.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True.",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tThe temperate region has generally a hot climate because of its location around the equator.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True.",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 6
      }
    ],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The temperature, humidity and other factors are called the ______________________ of the weather.",
        "ans": "elements",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The weather reports are prepared by the ______________________ department of the government.",
        "ans": "meterological",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The days are ______________________ in winter than in summer.",
        "ans": "shorter",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The north-eastern India receives rain for a major part of the year; therefore, the climate of this region is ______________________.",
        "ans": "wet]",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The climate of a desert is ______________________ and ______________________.",
        "ans": "hot, dry ",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The average weather taken over a long time is called ______________________.*",
        "ans": "mean temperature",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ has a profound effect on all living organisms.",
        "ans": "Climate",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The lion-tailed macaque lives in the rainforests of ______________________.",
        "ans": "western ghats",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Polar bears have a layer of ______________________ under their skin.",
        "ans": "fat",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Birds migrate to ______________________ region when winter sets in.",
        "ans": "warmer",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 10
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "As tropical region is situated near ______________________, the climate is generally hot.",
        "ans": "equator",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 11
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "As tropical region is situated near ______________________, the climate is generally hot.",
        "ans": "equator",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 12
      }
    ],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Match the Following.",
        "qus": null,
        "ans": "1. (d),  2. (b), 3. (a),  4. (c)",
        "code": "MTF",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [
          {
            "image": "1. Red eyed frog",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "2. Penguin",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "3. Tiger",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "4. Lion-tailed macaque",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option2": [
          {
            "image": "(a) Very sensitive hearing",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(b) Streamlined body",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(c) Silver-white mane",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(d) Sticky pads on feet",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option3": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option4": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What do you mean by weather?",
        "ans": "The day to day conditions of the atmosphere at the place with respect to the temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind-speed, etc. is called the weather.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Which instruments are used to record the temperature of the atmosphere?",
        "ans": "There are special thermometers called maximum and minimum thermometers which record the day to day temperature where as for measuring rainfall instrument called rain gauge.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 2,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How does the sun play an important role in determining the weather at any place?",
        "ans": "Sun is the primary source of all heat and light on the earth that causes changes in the weather energy absorbed and reflected by the earths surface oceans, and the atmosphere play important role in determining weather at any place.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 3,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Write the main point of difference between weather and climate.",
        "ans": "<b>Weather:</b>day to day condition of atmosphere<br><b>Climate:</b>the average weather pattern taken over a long time i.e. (in years)",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 4,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How can we calculate the mean temperature for a given month?",
        "ans": "The mean temperature refers to the average of maximum and minimum temperature of the month.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 5,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe in brief the climatic conditions found in Rajasthan.",
        "ans": "Rajasthan has high temperature during most part of the year, during winter temperature is quite low, this region receiver very little rainfall and so the typical desert climate is seen which is usually hot and dry.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 6,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Out of weather and climate, which one changes frequently?",
        "ans": "Weather changes frequently, it can vary over very short periods. (for e.g. it is sunny in the morning but suddenly clouds appear and starts raining heavily).",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 7,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Where are the polar regions situated? Give the climatic conditions found there.",
        "ans": "Polar regions are situated on poles they represent an extreme climate where regions are covered with snow and it is very cold for most part of the year, in winter temperature can be as low as – 37° C.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 8,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "List the important features that help the polar bear to adapt itself to the polar region.",
        "ans": "Polar bears adapt white furs so that they cannot be easily visible in the whole background protects it from predators. They also have two thick layers of and a layer of fat under skin are well insulated with the long curved and sharp clauses polar bear are able to swim in water.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 9,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How is the penguin’s body adapted to live in the polar regions?",
        "ans": "Penguins have thick skin to a lot of fat to protect it from cold, they huddled together to keep warm, their bodies are streamlined and their feet have webs, making them good swimmers.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 10,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Why do the birds migrate?",
        "ans": "Birds in colder or polar regions must remain warm to survive. They migrate to warmer regions when winter sets in and go back after the winter is over.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 11,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Where do we find the tropical rainforests? How do they support a wide variety of plants and animals?",
        "ans": "Tropical rain forest are found in western ghats & Assam in India, southeast Asia, Central America and Central Africa. Because of warmth and rain this regions support a wide variety of plants and animals.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 12,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Mention the adaptations found in animals living in the tropical rainforests.",
        "ans": "Many animals are adapted to live on trees. Frogs develop sticky pads to climb on trees. Monkeys have long tails for grasping branches. Birds as Toucan adapted long beak to reach fruits on branches.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 13,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How is a lion-tailed macaque adapted to live in the tropical rainforests?",
        "ans": "The lion tailed macaque (also called as Beard ape) has the silver-white mane, which surrounds the head from the cheeks down tails chin. It is good climber to spends its major part of life on tree and feeds on fruits, seeds, leaves etc.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 14,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "List the adaptations found in elephants.",
        "ans": "Elephants in the rainforest uses their trunk as nose and has a strong sense of smell the trunk is also used by it for picking up food. Their tusk are modified teeth that helps to tear the bank of tree to eat.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 15,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How does camouflage help the tropical animals?",
        "ans": "The tropical animals have sensitive hearing, sharp eyesight, thick skin and a skin colour which help them to camouflage by blending with the surroundings this is to protect them from predators.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 16,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Given below is a list of climatic conditions and some examples of animals. Read them carefully and place the items in the relevant columns as shown. Penguin, Gorilla, Monkey, Reindeer, Assam, Greenland, Sun does not rise for six months, Hot and humid climate, Days and nights are almost equal in length throughout the year, Winter temperature around –37°C, Western Ghats.",
        "ans": "img src='Ch7a1.jpg', width=\"420\", height=\"140\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 17,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch7a1.jpg",
          "width": "420",
          "height": "140"
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "MATLICE (Hint: weather pattern in a region over a period of time)\t\t\t\t________",
        "ans": "CLIMATE",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "AROPL (Hint: coolest region on the earth)\t\t\t\t________",
        "ans": "POLAR",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "TREHMEOMRET (Hint: used to measure temperature)\t\t\t\t________",
        "ans": "THERMOMETER",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "UHIDYTMI (Hint: feature of weather)\t\t\t\t________",
        "ans": "HUMIDITY",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 4
      }
    ],
    []
  ],
  "grade": "Grade 7",
  "co": "ch7_co",
  "laq": "ch7_laq",
  "jtf": "ch7_jtf",
  "fib": "ch7_fib",
  "tf": "ch7_tf",
  "gowf": "ch7_gowf",
  "mcq": "ch7_mcq",
  "saq": "ch7_saq",
  "ctco": "ch7_ctco",
  "ctt": "ch7_ctt",
  "afow": "ch7_afow",
  "yn": "ch7_yn",
  "pbq": "ch7_pbq",
  "un": "ch7_un",
  "vsaq": "ch7_vsaq",
  "cs": "ch7_cs",
  "snc": "ch7_snc",
  "mtf": "ch7_mtf",
  "nf": "ch7_nf",
  "map": "ch7_map",
  "grf": "ch7_grf",
  "dtf": "ch7_dtf",
  "afq": "ch7_afq"
},
{
  "subject": "Science",
  "chapter": "ch8",
  "chapterName": "Chapter 8 - Winds, Storms and Cyclones",
  "all": [
    [
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "A fire alarm usually detects smoke in case of fire. Where should such an alarm be placed in a room?",
        "ans": "(d) On the ceiling",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Near the door",
          "(b) On the floor",
          "(c) On any wall",
          "(d) On the ceiling"
        ],
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Four schematic diagrams are shown in the figure to depict the direction of sea breeze. Which of them gives the correct direction?",
        "ans": "Ch8a5.jpg",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "Ch8a4.jpg",
          "Ch8a5.jpg",
          "Ch8a6.jpg",
          "Ch8a7.jpg"
        ],
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The figure shows a child blowing air with a straw near the opening of another straw which has its other end in a soft drink bottle. It was observed that the level of the soft drink in the straw rises up as soon as air is blown over its open end. Which one of the following best explains the reason for rise in the level of the drink?",
        "ans": "(a) Blowing of air decreases pressure over the opening of the straw.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Blowing of air decreases pressure over the opening of the straw.",
          "(b) The straw of the soft drink bottle collapses when air is blown over its open end.",
          "(c) Blowing of air warms up the air inside the straw.",
          "(d) Blowing of air increases the pressure on the surface of soft drink in the bottle."
        ],
		"pic": {
          "image": "Ch8a8.jpg",
          "width": "384",
          "height": "233"
        },
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Following are the precautions one must take in case a storm is accompanied by lightning:<br>(i) Do not take shelter under a tree.<br>(ii) Do not take shelter under an umbrella with a metallic end.<br>(iii) Do not take shelter in open garages, storage sheds, etc.<br>(iv) Do not take shelter in a bus in the open.<br>Which one of these is not correct?",
        "ans": "(d) (iv)",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) (i)",
          "(b) (ii)",
          "(c) (iii)",
          "(d) (iv)"
        ],
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following places is most likely to be affected by a cyclone?",
        "ans": "(b) Puri",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Mumbai",
          "(b) Puri",
          "(c) Goa",
          "(d) Porbandar"
        ],
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "A curtain is hanging at the entrance of a room. A long corridor runs at right angles to the door, that is parallel to the curtain. If a strong wind blows along the corridor, the curtain will",
        "ans": "(a) get pushed inside the room.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) get pushed inside the room.",
          "(b) get pushed outside the room.",
          "(c) get collected towards one end/swirled.",
          "(d) remain unaffected."
        ],
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following places is unlikely to be affected by a cyclone?*",
        "ans": "(c) Amritsar",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Chennai",
          "(b) Mangalore",
          "(c) Amritsar",
          "(d) Puri"
        ],
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the statements given below is correct?",
        "ans": "(b) In summer the wind blows from the land towards the ocean.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) In winter the wind blows from the land to the ocean.",
          "(b) In summer the wind blows from the land towards the ocean.",
          "(c) A cyclone is formed by a very high-pressure system with very high-speed winds revolving around it.",
          "(d) The coastline of India is not vulnerable to cyclones."
        ],
        "val": 8
      }
    ],
    [
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tIf wind blows from land to the ocean, then it is daytime.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tA very high-pressure system, with very high-speed wind surrounding it forms a cyclone.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tThe coastline of India is not vulnerable to cyclones.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tWarm air is lighter than cool air\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 4
      }
    ],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ is called wind.",
        "ans": "Moving air",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Steam ______________________ into water, which reduces the amount of air inside the can.",
        "ans": "condenses",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The pressure of air inside a can ________________ than the pressure exerted by the air from outside the can.",
        "ans": "decreases",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "High-speed winds are accompanied by reduced ______________________.",
        "ans": "air pressure]",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Air moves from the region of ______________________ pressure to a region of ________________ pressure.",
        "ans": "high, low ",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ outside the balloons will push them towards each other.",
        "ans": "air pressure",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Air ______________________ on heating and ______________________ on cooling.",
        "ans": "expands, condenses",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ are generated due to uneven heating on the earth.",
        "ans": "Wind currents",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The word monsoon is derived from the Arabic word _________________ which means ________________.",
        "ans": "musium, season",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ winds carry water and it rains.",
        "ans": "Monsoon",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 10
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ temperature produces strong upward rising winds.",
        "ans": "Rising",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 11
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The centre of the cyclone is called the ______________________.",
        "ans": "Eye of cyclone",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 12
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "A ______________________ is a dark funnel-shaped cloud that reaches from the sky to the ground.",
        "ans": "tornodo",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 13
      }
    ],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Match the Following.",
        "qus": null,
        "ans": "1. (d),  2. (b), 3. (a),  4. (c)",
        "code": "MTF",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [
          {
            "image": "1. On heating air",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "2. On heating air",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "3. On cooling air",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "4. On cooling air",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option2": [
          {
            "image": "(a) Descends",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(b) Expands",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(c) Contracts",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(d) Rises",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option3": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option4": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe an activity to confirm that air exerts pressure.",
        "ans": "Take a tin can with a lid. Fill it approximately half with water. Heat the can on a candle flame till the water boils. Let the water boil for a few minutes. Blow out the candle. Immediately put the lid tightly on the can. Be careful in handling the hot can. Put the can carefully in a shallow metallic vessel or a washbasin. Pour fresh water over the can. The air exerts pressure or can because of which the tin can looses its shape.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "State two experiences that made you think that air exerts pressure.",
        "ans": "<b>Activity: Blow the balloons:</b> Take two balloons of approximately equal size. Put a little water into the balloons. Blow up both the balloons and tie each one to a string. Hang the balloons 8–10 cm apart on a cycle spoke or a stick. Blow in the space between the balloons. What did you expect? What happens? Try different ways of blowing on the balloons to see what happens.<b>Activity: Can you blow and lift?:</b> Hold a strip of paper, 20 cm long and 3 cm wide, between your thumb and forefinger as shown in the Fig. 8.5. Now blow over the paper. Paheli thinks that the strip will be lifted up. Boojho thinks that the strip will bend down.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 2,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch8a1.jpg",
          "width": "369",
          "height": "130"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Suggest two methods to find out wind direction at a given place.*",
        "ans": "The two method to find out wind direction at a given place are (i). An intstrument called anemometer can be used to find the direction and speed of wind. (ii) Hold a strip of paper outside. The direction in which the paper is blowing is the direction on which the wind blows.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 3,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe an activity to show that air expands on heating and contracts on cooling.",
        "ans": "<b>Activity: Take a boiling tube.</b> Stretch a balloon tightly over the neck of the tube. You can use a tape to make it tight. Pour some hot water in a beaker. Insert the boiling tube with the balloon in the hot water. Observe for 2–3 minutes for any change in shape of the balloon. Take the tube out, let it cool down to the room temperature. Take some ice-cold water in another beaker and place the tube with the balloon in cold water for 2–3 minutes. Observe the change in the shape of the balloon. You will notice that the balloon in hot water gets a little rise as hot air gets expand. The balloon in ice cold water will stuck down as air condenses on cooling.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 4,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch8a2.jpg",
          "width": "284",
          "height": "222"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe an activity to show that warm air is lighter than cold air and it rises up.",
        "ans": "Take two paper bags or empty paper cups of the same size. Hang the two bags in the inverted position on the two ends of a metal or wooden stick. Tie a piece of thread in the middle of the stick. Hold the stick by the thread (Fig.) as in a balance. Put a burning candle below one of the bags as shown in the figure. Observe what happens. You will observe the raise of cup upside the candle as the cup is filled with hor air and it goes up.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 5,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch8a3.jpg",
          "width": "97",
          "height": "198"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain why holes are made in hanging banners and hoardings.*",
        "ans": "Air exerts pressure. Wind blowing in high speed may break or displace many things if holes are made in hanging banners and hoardings then air can pass through there holes, which reduces the air pressure exerted on the banners and hoardings, that is why holes are made in banners and hoardings.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 6,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain the setting up of convection currents in air.",
        "ans": "When warm air rises at a place. The air pressure at that place is lowered. The cold air from the surrounding areas rushes in to fill its place. This sets up convection in air.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 7,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain the generation of wind currents due to uneven heating of the earth.",
        "ans": "The air at the equatorial regions becomes warmer due to heating on the earth. This warm air rises and the cooler air from the regions in the 0–30 degrees latitude belt on either side of the equator moves in the wind blows from the north and south towards the equator. At the poles the air is cooler than that at latitudes about 60 degrees the worm air at these latitudes rises up and the cold wind from the polar regions rushes in to take its place.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 8,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What makes the winds blow from the oceans towards the lands? Name these winds.",
        "ans": "The wind will blow from higher pressure over the water to lower pressure over the land causing the sea breeze.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 9,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "It rains very little in winter. Why?",
        "ans": "Un even heating of land and water in winter generate winds from the northwest colder land these colder winds carry little water hence bring small amount of rain in winter.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 10,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How are thunderstorms produced? Explain the process.",
        "ans": "Thunderstorm develop in hot humid tropical areas the rising temperature produce strong upward risingwinds. These winds carry water droplets upwards where they freeze and fall down again, the swift movement of the falling water droplets along with the rising air create lightening and sound.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 11,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Define cyclone. What do you mean by the eye of the storm?",
        "ans": "A cyclone is a large scale air mass that relates around strong centres of low pressure, the center of a cyclone is a calm area. It is called the eye of the storm.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 12,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How does a cyclone form from a thunderstorm?",
        "ans": "The water requires heat when it changes from liquid to vapour state the water gives back heat when vapour condenses into liquid and a very low pressure area is created. This is how thunderstorm becomes a cyclone.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 13,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Mention the factors that contribute to the development of cyclone.",
        "ans": "Factors like wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and humidity contribute to the development of a cyclone. The centre of the cyclone is a cloudless calm area called eye.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 14,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How destructive can be a cyclone? Write some examples of it.",
        "ans": "Cyclones can be very distructive it appears like a water wall moving towards the share as a result causing severe less of life and property and reduces fertility of soil.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 15,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What do you understand by the term ‘Tornado’?",
        "ans": "A Tornado is a dark funnel shaped cloud that reaches from the sky to the ground. Most of the tornado are weak. Tornadoes may form within cyclone.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 16,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "List the precautions one should take if a storm is accompanied by lightning.",
        "ans": "When a thunderstorm threatens get inside a home or large building, inside home avoid using the telephone except for emergencies.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 17,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Define tornado shelter.",
        "ans": "A storm shelter or storm cellar is a type of underground bunker designed to protect the occupants from violent severe weather particularly tornadoes.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 18,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Mention the important effective safety measures that need to be taken to reduce the devastating effects of cyclone.",
        "ans": "A cyclone forecast and warning service. Rapid communication of warnings to the government agencies, the port, fishermen, ships and to the general public. Construction of cyclone shelters in cyclone prone area.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 19,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How will you help your neighbours in case cyclone approaches your village/town?*",
        "ans": "The neighbours should be helped in the following ways.<br>• Move them to cyclone shelters and other safer places.<br>• Ask them to take necessary steps to shift animals, vehicles and household goods to safer place. Call emergency services when required.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 20,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "List the precautions one should take if he/she is living in a cyclone-hit area.",
        "ans": "• Do not drink water that could be contaminated.<br>• Always store drinking water for emergencies.<br>• Do not touch wet switches and fallen power lines.<br>• Do not go out just in the sake of fun.<br>• Do not pressurise the rescue force by making undue demands.<br>• Cooperate and help your neighbours and friends.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 21,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is anemometer?",
        "ans": "As all storms are low pressure systems. Wind speed plays an important role in the formation of storms, it is, therefore, important to measure the wind speed. The instrument that measures the wind speed is called an anemometer.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 22,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How has advanced technology helped to monitor cyclone-related disasters?",
        "ans": "The world today is very different because of satellites and radars, a cyclone alert on cyclone watch is issued 48 hours in advance of any expected storm and a cyclone warning is issued 24 hours in advance. The message is broadcast every hour or half hour when a cyclone is near the coast.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 23,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "The picture in the figure below shows tree line along the seacoast on an island near the equator. As shown, the tree tops are permanently bent in one direction. Are the trees bent towards the sea or away from it? Explain.",
        "ans": "These trees are bent towards the land or away from the sea. This is because in the day time wind blows from sea to land. This sea breeze makes the trees to bend towards the land.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 24,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch8a10.jpg",
          "width": "294",
          "height": "274"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Identify the names of six natural phenomena from the following word diagram given in the figure below.",
        "ans": "img src='Ch8a13.jpg', width=\"205\", height=\"287\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 25,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch8a12.jpg",
          "width": "205",
          "height": "287"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch8a13.jpg",
          "width": "205",
          "height": "287"
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    []
  ],
  "grf": "ch8_grf",
  "co": "ch8_co",
  "vsaq": "ch8_vsaq",
  "yn": "ch8_yn",
  "pbq": "ch8_pbq",
  "nf": "ch8_nf",
  "gowf": "ch8_gowf",
  "fib": "ch8_fib",
  "mtf": "ch8_mtf",
  "laq": "ch8_laq",
  "tf": "ch8_tf",
  "mcq": "ch8_mcq",
  "afq": "ch8_afq",
  "saq": "ch8_saq",
  "grade": "Grade 7",
  "map": "ch8_map",
  "cs": "ch8_cs",
  "ctco": "ch8_ctco",
  "afow": "ch8_afow",
  "dtf": "ch8_dtf",
  "ctt": "ch8_ctt",
  "snc": "ch8_snc",
  "jtf": "ch8_jtf",
  "un": "ch8_un"
},
{
  "subject": "Science",
  "chapter": "ch9",
  "chapterName": "Chapter 9 - Soil",
  "all": [
    [
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The microorganisms present in the soil require moisture (water) and nutrients for growth and survival. Choose from the options below the habitat (place) where the soil has plenty of water and nutrients.",
        "ans": "(b) Forest",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Desert",
          "(b) Forest",
          "(c) Open field",
          "(d) Cricket ground"
        ],
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Availability of water and minerals in the soil for maximum absorption by roots is in the",
        "ans": "(c) A-horizon",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) B-horizon",
          "(b) C-horizon",
          "(c) A-horizon",
          "(d) surface of soil"
        ],
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Soil conservation measures are mainly aimed at protecting which of the following?",
        "ans": "(b) Topsoil",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Plants",
          "(b) Topsoil",
          "(c) Subsoil",
          "(d) Soil organisms"
        ],
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Read the following statements with reference to soil:<br>(i) Weathering is a very fast process of soil formation.<br>(ii) Percolation of water is faster in sandy soils.<br>(iii) Loamy soil contains only sand and clay.<br>(iv) Topsoil contains the maximum amount of humus.<br>Choose the correct statements from the above.",
        "ans": "(d) (ii) and (iv)",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) (ii) and (iv)",
          "(b) (i) and (iii)",
          "(c) (ii) and (iii)",
          "(d) (i) and (ii)"
        ],
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which horizon of a soil profile contains the highest amount of humus?",
        "ans": "(a) A-horizon",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) A-horizon",
          "(b) B-horizon",
          "(c) C-horizon",
          "(d) Bedrock"
        ],
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Humus is:",
        "ans": "(b) Dead organic matter in the soil",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Plant matter of the soil.",
          "(b) Dead organic matter in the soil.",
          "(c) Made of animal constituents.",
          "(d) Worms that feed on soil."
        ],
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Bedrock is the layer of soil:",
        "ans": "(b) That is represented by larger rock pieces.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Which is very fertile.",
          "(b) That is represented by larger rock pieces.",
          "(c) Which has very little organic matter.",
          "(d) That is the uppermost layer."
        ],
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Sandy soil is not good for plant growth because?",
        "ans": "(a) It cannot hold water.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) It cannot hold water.",
          "(b) Of poor aeration.",
          "(c) Of poor drainage.",
          "(d) Of excess minerals in it."
        ],
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The best soil for healthy growth of plants is",
        "ans": "(b) loamy soil",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) clayey soil",
          "(b) loamy soil",
          "(c) sandy soil",
          "(d) clayey and loamy soil"
        ],
        "val": 9
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Soil supports the growth of plants by holding the roots firmly and supplying ______________________ and ______________________.",
        "ans": "water, nutrient",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The rotting dead matter in the soil is called ______________________.",
        "ans": "humus",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Each layer constituting the soil profile differs in ______________________, ______________________, _____________________ and chemical composition.",
        "ans": "feel (taxture), colour, depth",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The mixture of _________________ and _________________ is called soil.",
        "ans": "rock particles, humus]",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "No humus is present in _________________ horizon.",
        "ans": "C",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Soil containing greater proportion of big particles is called _________________ soil.",
        "ans": "sandy",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "_________________ soil is a mixture of clay, sand and silt.",
        "ans": "Loamy",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The _________________ provides shelter to many living organisms such as worms, rodents and beetles.",
        "ans": "top-soil, A horizon",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "_________________ soil has the right water-holding capacity for the growth of plants.",
        "ans": "Clayey",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "_________________ soil is used to make pots, toys and statues.",
        "ans": "Clayey",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 10
      }
    ],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Match the Following.",
        "qus": null,
        "ans": "1. (f),  2. (d), 3. (a),  4. (b),  5. (c),  6. (e)",
        "code": "MTF",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [
          {
            "image": "1. Earthworm",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "2. Garden lizard",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "3. Crab",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "4. Rodents",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "5. Scorpion",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "6. Snails and slugs",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option2": [
          {
            "image": "(a) sand and beaches",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(b) burrows in soil",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(c) deep, narrow holes in dry soils",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(d) surface of soil",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(e) surface of shaded moist soils",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(f) A-horizon moist soils",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option3": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option4": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is soil?",
        "ans": "Soil is a mixture of broken rocks and mines living organisms, and decaying organic matter called hum. Humus is dark, soft and rick in nutrients. Soil also includes air and water.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Why soil is regarded as one of the most important natural resources?",
        "ans": "Soil is one of the most important natural resources. It supports the growth of plants by holding the roots firmly and supplying water and nutrient it is the home for many organisms. Soil is essential for agriculture. Agriculture provides food, clothing and shelter for all.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 2,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What do you understand by the term ‘weathering of rocks’?",
        "ans": "The soil is formed by the breaking down of rocks by the action of wind, water and climate. This process is called weathering of rocks.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 3,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is the role of humus in the soil? What is humus made up of?",
        "ans": "The rotting dead matter in the soil is called humus it is made up of some dead rotting leaves and animal remains, etc.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 4,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "With the help of a labelled diagram, explain the soil profile.",
        "ans": "img src='Ch9a2.jpg', width=\"337\", height=\"282",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 5,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch9a1.jpg",
          "width": "196",
          "height": "251"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch9a2.jpg",
          "width": "337",
          "height": "282"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is basis of soil classification? Name the three basic types of soil.",
        "ans": "The soil is classified on the basis of the proportion of particles of various sizes. The three basic type of soil are sandy soil, clayey soil, loamy soil.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 6,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain the three types of soil on the basis of the proportion of particles of different sizes.",
        "ans": "If the soil contains greater proportion of big particles. It is called sandy soil. If the proportion of particles is relatively higher then it is called clayey soil if the amount of large and five particles is equal than the soil is loamy soil.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 7,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What do you mean by silt?",
        "ans": "Silt is a component of loamy soil. It occurs as a deposit in river beds. The size of silt particles is between those of sand and clay.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 8,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "List the differences between clayey soil and sandy soil.*",
        "ans": "img src='Ch9a3.jpg', width=\"310\", height=\"125",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 9,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch9a3.jpg",
          "width": "310",
          "height": "125"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How does the size of the particles in a soil influence its properties?",
        "ans": "The size of soil particles is important. The amount of open space between the particles influences how easily water moves through a soil and how much water soil will hold.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 10,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Sandy soil has the highest rate of water percolation. Why?",
        "ans": "Sandy soil is porous and also has the largest particle size because of which the interparticle space increases which will not retain water in good amount because of which the rate of water percolation is highest.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 11,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What do you mean by ‘percolation rate of water’ in soil? Give the formula for calculating it.",
        "ans": "Water percolation rate of soil refers to the rate of movement of water to soil as it passes through a small holes present between soil particles.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 12,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch9a4.jpg",
          "width": "259",
          "height": "36"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "A group of students performed an experiment in the field related to the rate of percolation. They observed that it took 30 minutes for 10 mL of water to percolate through the soil sample. Calculate the rate of percolation.",
        "ans": "img src='Ch9a5.jpg', width=\"320\", height=\"75",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 13,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch9a5.jpg",
          "width": "320",
          "height": "75"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Razia conducted an experiment in the field related to the rate of percolation. She observed that it took 40 min for 200 mL of water to percolate through the soil sample. Calculate the rate of percolation.*",
        "ans": "img src='Ch9a6.jpg', width=\"320\", height=\"75",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 14,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch9a6.jpg",
          "width": "320",
          "height": "75"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is soil moisture? Give the formula used to calculate the percentage of water absorbed.",
        "ans": "img src='Ch9a7.jpg', width=\"380\", height=\"75",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 15,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch9a7.jpg",
          "width": "380",
          "height": "75"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Ram is given 50 gm of dry, powdered soil and 200 mL of water in a measuring cylinder. If the final volume of water left in the measuring cylinder is 50 mL, find the percentage of water absorbed by the soil.",
        "ans": "img src='Ch9a8.jpg', width=\"400\", height=\"75",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 16,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch9a8.jpg",
          "width": "400",
          "height": "75"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Name the climatic factors that affect the soil profile.",
        "ans": "Soil is affected by wind, rainfall, temperature, light and humidity.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 17,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What factors determine the type of vegetation and crops of a region?",
        "ans": "The climatic factors and components of the soil determine the various types of vegetation and crops that might grow in any region.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 18,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Name the substances that pollute soil.",
        "ans": "Polythene bags and plastics pollute the soil they also kill the organisms living in the soil. Other substances like waste products, chemicals and pesticides in excessive use pollute the soil.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 19,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "List three ways by which we can reduce the soil pollution.*",
        "ans": "• Decrease the use of chemicals and other non-degradable waste products – that makes the soil infertile.<br>• Treat the waste products and chemicals should be tracked before they are released.<br>• Reduce the use of plastics and polythene bags.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 20,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Locate the following zones given as boxed items in the figure which shows a diagram of soil profile.",
        "ans": "img src='Ch9a10.jpg', width=\"200\", height=\"175\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 21,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch9a9.jpg",
          "width": "178",
          "height": "191"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch9a10.jpg",
          "width": "200",
          "height": "175"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Several terms related to soil are hidden in the squares given in the figure below. Spot them and make a list. Two examples are given for you.",
        "ans": "img src='Ch9a12.jpg', width=\"165\", height=\"180\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 22,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch9a11.jpg",
          "width": "166",
          "height": "181"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch9a12.jpg",
          "width": "165",
          "height": "180"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Solve the following crossword puzzle with the help of clues given.<br><b>Across :</b><br>(2) Plantation prevents it.<br>(4) This type of soil can hold very little water.<br>(5) Use should be banned to avoid soil pollution.<br>(6) Type of soil used for making pottery.<br>(7) Living organism in the soil.<br><br><b>Down :</b><br>(1) In desert soil erosion occurs through.<br>(3) Clay and loam are suitable for cereals like.<br>(5) Collective name for layers of soil.",
        "ans": "img src='Ch9a14.jpg', width=\"263\", height=\"249\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 23,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch9a13.jpg",
          "width": "363",
          "height": "249"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch9a14.jpg",
          "width": "363",
          "height": "249"
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "Unscramble the following jumbled words related to soil:<br>SUHUM:\t\t\t\t________",
        "ans": "HUMUS",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "Unscramble the following jumbled words related to soil:<br>ILOS FIPROLE:\t\t\t\t________",
        "ans": "SOIL PROFILE",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "Unscramble the following jumbled words related to soil:<br>ZOINORH:\t\t\t\t________",
        "ans": "HORIZON",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "Unscramble the following jumbled words related to soil:<br>MOAL:\t\t\t\t________",
        "ans": "LOAMY",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "Unscramble the following jumbled words related to soil:<br>GINRHETWEA:\t\t\t\t________",
        "ans": "WEATHERING",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "Unscramble the following jumbled words related to soil:<br>ATONIERPCL:\t\t\t\t________",
        "ans": "TROPICAL",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 6
      }
    ],
    []
  ],
  "grade": "Grade 7",
  "co": "ch9_co",
  "saq": "ch9_saq",
  "nf": "ch9_nf",
  "fib": "ch9_fib",
  "tf": "ch9_tf",
  "mcq": "ch9_mcq",
  "vsaq": "ch9_vsaq",
  "laq": "ch9_laq",
  "mtf": "ch9_mtf",
  "yn": "ch9_yn",
  "afq": "ch9_afq",
  "cs": "ch9_cs",
  "ctco": "ch9_ctco",
  "dtf": "ch9_dtf",
  "jtf": "ch9_jtf",
  "grf": "ch9_grf",
  "gowf": "ch9_gowf",
  "ctt": "ch9_ctt",
  "un": "ch9_un",
  "map": "ch9_map",
  "snc": "ch9_snc",
  "afow": "ch9_afow",
  "pbq": "ch9_pbq"
},
{
  "subject": "Science",
  "chapter": "ch10",
  "chapterName": "Chapter 10 - Respiration in Organisms",
  "all": [
    [
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The end products of aerobic respiration are",
        "ans": "(a) Carbon dioxide + water",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Carbon dioxide + water",
          "(b) Alcohol + carbon dioxide",
          "(c) Carbon monoxide + alcohol",
          "(d) Carbon dioxide + water + energy"
        ],
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following can respire in the absence of oxygen?",
        "ans": "(b) Muscle cells and yeast",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Frog",
          "(b) Muscle cells and yeast",
          "(c) Rat and snake",
          "(d) Earthworms"
        ],
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "In the leaves of plants, exchange of gases takes place through the pores called",
        "ans": "(a) Stomata",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Stomata",
          "(b) Lenticels",
          "(c) Hydathodes",
          "(d) Spiracles"
        ],
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following regarding cramps is incorrect?",
        "ans": "(d) Cramps release the extra energy needed by the muscle cells.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Accumulation of lactic acid causes muscle cramps.)",
          "(b) The partial breakdown of glucose produces lactic acid.",
          "(c) Hot water bath gives relief from cramps.",
          "(d) Cramps release the extra energy needed by the muscle cells."
        ],
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "During heavy exercise which of the following does not occur?",
        "ans": "(d) Glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and alcohol.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) The breathing rate is increased up to 25 times per minute.",
          "(b) We take deep breaths to inhale more oxygen.",
          "(c) A person needs extra energy.",
          "(d) Glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and alcohol."
        ],
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Sometimes when we do heavy exercise, anaerobic respiration takes place in our muscle cells. What is produced during this process?",
        "ans": "(d) Lactic acid only",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Alcohol and lactic acid",
          "(b) Alcohol and CO<sub>2</sub>",
          "(c) Lactic acid and CO<sub>2</sub>",
          "(d) Lactic acid only"
        ],
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Yeast is used in wine and beer industries because it respires",
        "ans": "(c) anaerobically producing alcohol",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) aerobically producing oxygen",
          "(b) aerobically producing alcohol",
          "(c) anaerobically producing alcohol",
          "(d) anaerobically producing CO<sub>2</sub>"
        ],
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "During the process of exhalation, the ribs move",
        "ans": "(b) up and inwards",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) down and inwards",
          "(b) up and inwards",
          "(c) down and outwards",
          "(d) up and outwards"
        ],
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Breathing is a process tha<br> (i) provides O<sub>2</sub> to the body <br>(ii) breaks down food to release energy<br>(iii) helps the body to get rid of CO<sub>2</sub> <br>(iv) produces water in the cells <br>Which of the following gives the correct combination of functions of breathing?",
        "ans": "(a) (i) and (ii)",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) (i) and (ii)",
          "(b) (ii) and (iii)",
          "(c) (i) and (iii)",
          "(d) (ii) and (iv)"
        ],
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Fish breathes with the help of gills which are richly supplied with blood vessels. The gills help the fish to",
        "ans": "(b) take in oxygen dissolved in water",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) take in oxygen from air",
          "(b) take in oxygen dissolved in water",
          "(c) absorb nutrients present in water",
          "(d) release waste substances in water"
        ],
        "val": 10
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Earthworms and frogs breathe through their skin because of which the skin of both the organisms is",
        "ans": "(d) moist and slimy(a) (i) and (ii)",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) moist and rough",
          "(b) dry and rough",
          "(c) dry and slimy",
          "(d) moist and slimy"
        ],
        "val": 11
      }
    ],
    [
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tOxygen breaks down glucose outside the cells of organisms.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False. O<sub>2</sub> breaks glucose inside the cells of organisms.",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tFrogs can breathe through their skin as well as lungs.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tInsects have spiracles on the lower surface of the body.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "False. Spiracles are the openings through which respiration occurs. They are present on the sides of insects.",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "State True or False.",
        "qus": "\n\t\tExhaled air has more percentage of CO2 than inhaled air.\n\t\t_________\n\t",
        "ans": "True",
        "code": "TF",
        "val": 4
      }
    ],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "All living organisms use ______________________ to perform life functions.",
        "ans": "Oxyzen",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "In cellular respiration, glucose is broken down into _______________ and ________________ using oxygen.",
        "ans": "CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "In the absence of oxygen, glucose breaks down into ______________________ and ______________________.",
        "ans": "alcohol, CO<sub>2</sub>",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Organisms that live in the absence of air are known as ______________________.",
        "ans": "anaerobic]",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Breathing involves the movement of the ______________________ and the ______________________.",
        "ans": "diaphragm, ribcage/lungs",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Number of times a person breathes in a minute is known as ______________________.",
        "ans": "breathing rate",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Taking of air rich in oxygen into the body is known as ______________________.",
        "ans": "inhalation",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Giving out of air rich in carbon dioxide from the body is known as ______________________.",
        "ans": "exhalation",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "During inhalation, the air passes from our nostrils to ______________________.",
        "ans": "nasal cavity",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "A muscular sheet, known as ______________________ forms the floor of chest cavity.",
        "ans": "diaphragm",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 10
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "During inhalation, the ribs move __________________ and the diaphragm moves _____________________.",
        "ans": "up, down",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 11
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The percentage of oxygen in inhaled air is ______________ and that in exhaled air is ______________________.",
        "ans": "21%, 16.4%",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 12
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Percentage of carbon dioxide in inhaled air is _______________ and in exhaled air is ___________________.",
        "ans": "0.04%, 4.4%",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 13
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Cockroaches have small openings on the sides of the body, known as ______________________.",
        "ans": "spiracles",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 14
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "______________________ is the network of air tubes for exchange of gases.",
        "ans": "tracheae",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 15
      },
      {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Earthworms breathe through their ______________________.",
        "ans": "skin",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 16
      }
    ],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Match the Following.",
        "qus": null,
        "ans": "1. (c),  2. (d), 3. (a),  4. (b)",
        "code": "MTF",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [
          {
            "image": "1. Butterfly",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "2. Earthworms",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "3. Sparrow",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "4. Fish",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option2": [
          {
            "image": "(a) Lungs",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(b) Gills",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(c) Spiracles",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(d) Skin",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option3": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option4": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Represent the following types of respiration by a simple chemical equation:<br>(a) Aerobic respiration.",
        "ans": "img src='Ch10a1.jpg', width=\"438\", height=\"40\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch10a1.jpg",
          "width": "438",
          "height": "40"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Represent the following types of respiration by a simple chemical equation:<br>(b) Anaerobic respiration in yeast.",
        "ans": "img src='Ch10a2.jpg', width=\"457\", height=\"34\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 2,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch10a2.jpg",
          "width": "457",
          "height": "34"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Why do we get muscle cramps after heavy exercise?",
        "ans": "The cramps occurs when muscle cells respire anaerobically. The partial breakdown of glucose produces lactic acid. The accumulation of lactic acid produces muscle cramps.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 3,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "We get relief from muscle cramps after a hot water bath or a massage. Why?",
        "ans": "Hot water bath or massage increases the circulation of blood. As a result supply of oxygen is also increased. Because of which lactic acid is broken down into CO2 and H2O & thus we get relief from cramps.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 4,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is the average breathing rate of an adult human being?",
        "ans": "The number of times a person breathes in a minute is termed as the breathing rate. The average breathing rate varies from human to human. (average of 15 to 18 breath per minutes).",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 5,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What do you mean by breathing? Name the two processes involved in it.",
        "ans": "Breathing means taking in air rich in oxygen and giving out air rich in CO<sub>2</sub> with help of respiratory organs. Inhalation-taking of air rich in oxygen into the body is inhalation. Exhalation-giving out of air rich in CO<sub>2</sub> is exhalation.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 6,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain briefly the mechanism of breathing in human beings.",
        "ans": "Mechanism of breathing occurs in two phases.<br>• Inhalation air rich in O2 moves in the nasal cavity then into lungs when ribs move out and Diaphragm moves down.<br>• Exhalation air rich in CO2 moves out of the body through noshills when ribs move back and Diaphragm moves up.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 7,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch10a3.jpg",
          "width": "293",
          "height": "185"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "When does a sneeze occur?",
        "ans": "When we inhale unwanted particles may get trapped in the hair of nasal cavity and irritate the living of the cavity as a result of which sneeze occur.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 8,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is the function of the hair present in our nasal cavity?",
        "ans": "The hairs present in our nasal cavity performs the main function of purifying air by filtering it from the hair present in it. It also secretes mucus that stops the dust particles from entering into trachea lungs.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 9,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Why do we yawn when we feel sleepy or drowsy?",
        "ans": "When we are sleepy or feel drowsy. We yawn because our brain cells lack sufficient amount of oxygen. the deep breath associated with yawning helps us to drawn in more oxygen and supply the much needed oxygen.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 10,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe an activity to show that carbon dioxide is exhaled during breathing.",
        "ans": "Take a slender, clean test tube or a glass/plastic bottle. Make a hole in its lid and fix it on the bottle. Pour some freshly prepared lime water in the test-tube. Insert a plastic straw through the hole in the lid in such a way that it dips in lime water. Now blow gently through the straw a few times (Fig. 10.8). There a change in the appearance of lime water. The lime water turns milky. This is due to CO<sub>2</sub> present in the exhaled air.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 11,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "Ch10a5.jpg",
          "width": "241",
          "height": "158"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe the process of breathing in cockroaches.",
        "ans": "Oxygen rich air rushes through spiracles into the tracheal tubes, diffuses into the body tissue and reaches every cell of the body during inhalation andf it occurs in reverse during exhalation.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 12,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Discuss how the exchange of gases takes place in earthworms.",
        "ans": "The earthworms breath through their skin. The skin of an earthworm feels moist and slimy on touching, gases can easily pass through them.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 13,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Frog is an amphibian. How does a frog breathe?<br>(a) On land : ______________________________________________________________________________<br>(b) In water : ______________________________________________________________________________",
        "ans": "(a)with the pair of lungs like humans<br>(b) through their skin which is moist & slippery.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 14,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How do fishes breathe?",
        "ans": "Fishes have Gills which help them to use oxygen dissolve in water. Gills are projections of the skin and are well supplied with blood vessels. Fishes take in water through mouth and forcefully pass if through gills because of which the oxygen dissolved in water directly diffuses into the blood vessels and excess water gets removed out.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 15,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain the process of breathing in plants.",
        "ans": "In plants each part can independently take in oxygen from air, utilise it to obtain energy, give out carbon dioxide. The leaves have tiny pores on the surface called stomata through which exchange of gases takes place. The gases enters the plants through these small pores and reach to every cell by diffusion.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 16,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How do plants get oxygen from the soil?",
        "ans": "Air is present between the particles of the soil, Root of plants has very large number of tiny hair on them, they take up air from the spaces between the soil particles. Gaseous diffusion occurs and the respiration gases reach to all the cells from the surface of root hair.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 17,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Observe the following figure carefully and answer the following questions:<br>(a) In which jar, will the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> be the highest and why?",
        "ans": "As in jar [A] a plant that is kept is still respiring because of which CO<sub>2</sub> level is high in jar A.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 18,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch10a6.jpg",
          "width": "259",
          "height": "154"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Observe the following figure carefully and answer the following questions:<br>(b) In which jar, will the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> be the lowest and why?",
        "ans": "[B] As in jar [B] the plant looses its respiration capacity as there is no sunlight because of which the amount of CO<br>2</br> is lowers.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 19,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch10a6.jpg",
          "width": "259",
          "height": "154"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Observe the figure carefully and answer the following questions:<br>(a) Which process is being tested in the activity?",
        "ans": "Effect of exhaled air on lime water.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 20,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch10a8.jpg",
          "width": "245",
          "height": "277"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Observe the figure carefully and answer the following questions:<br>(b) What is the result of the activity? Give reasons.",
        "ans": "It shows that respiratory gases contains CO<sub>2</sub>, which turned the lime water milky.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 21,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch10a8.jpg",
          "width": "245",
          "height": "277"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Observe the figures (A) and (B) and answer the following:<br>Observe the figures (A) and (B) and answer the following:<br>(a) Which of the figures (A) or (B) indicates the process of inhalation and which the process of exhalation?",
        "ans": "(A) Inhalation, (B) Exhalation",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 22,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch10a10.jpg",
           "width": "606",
          "height": "250"
        },
        "ansimg": {
         "image": "Ch10a10a.jpg",
          "width": "606",
          "height": "250"
        }
      },
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Observe the figures (A) and (B) and answer the following:<br>(b) In the figure, label the arrows that indicate the direction of<br> (i) movement of air<br>(ii) movement of diaphragm<br>(iii) movement of ribs",
        "ans": "img src='Ch10a11.jpg', width=\"606\", height=\"250\"",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 23,
        "option1": [],
        "option2": [],
        "option3": [],
        "option4": [],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "Ch10a10.jpg",
           "width": "606",
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{
  "subject": "Science",
  "chapter": "ch11",
  "chapterName": "Chapter 11 - Transportation in Animals and Plants",
  "all": [
    [
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The rhythmical contraction and relaxation of heart is called",
        "ans": "(b) Heartbeat",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Heart rate",
          "(b) Heartbeat",
          "(c) Pulse",
          "(d) Pulse rate"
        ],
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following does not excrete uric acid?",
        "ans": "(d) Shark",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Birds",
          "(b) Lizard",
          "(c) Snake",
          "(d) Shark"
        ],
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Blood circulation was discovered by",
        "ans": "(d) William Harvey",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Karl Landsteiner",
          "(b) Robert Brown",
          "(c) Christian Bernard",
          "(d) William Harvey"
        ],
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Blood in kidneys is filtered by the",
        "ans": "(c) Blood capillaries",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Urinary bladder",
          "(b) Ureters",
          "(c) Blood capillaries",
          "(d) Urethra"
        ],
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Upward movement of water and minerals in a flowering plant is mainly due to",
        "ans": "(a) Transpiration",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Transpiration",
          "(b) Photosynthesis",
          "(c) Respiration",
          "(d) Transfusion"
        ],
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The muscular tube through which stored urine is passed out of the body is called",
        "ans": "(c) urethra",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) kidney",
          "(b) ureter",
          "(c) urethra",
          "(d) urinary bladder"
        ],
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "They are pipe-like, consisting of a group of specialised cells. They transport substances and form a two-way traffic in plants. Which of the following terms qualify for the features mentioned above?",
        "ans": "(b) Vascular tissue",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Xylem tissue",
          "(b) Vascular tissue",
          "(c) Root hairs",
          "(d) Phloem tissue"
        ],
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The absorption of nutrients and exchange of respiratory gases between blood and tissues take place in",
        "ans": "(d) capillaries",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) veins",
          "(b) arteries",
          "(c) heart",
          "(d) capillaries"
        ],
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "In which of the following parts of human body are sweat glands absent?",
        "ans": "(c) Lips",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Scalp",
          "(b) Armpits",
          "(c) Lips",
          "(d) Palms"
        ],
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "In a tall tree, which force is responsible for pulling water and minerals from the soil?",
        "ans": "(c) Suction force",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Gravitational force",
          "(b) Transportation force",
          "(c) Suction force",
          "(d) Conduction force"
        ],
        "val": 10
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Aquatic animals like fish excrete their wastes in gaseous form as",
        "ans": "(c) Ammonia",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Oxygen",
          "(b) Hydrogen",
          "(c) Ammonia",
          "(d) Nitrogen"
        ],
        "val": 11
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [
	 {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Circulatory system in human beings consists of the ____________ and the ____________.",
        "ans": "heart, blood//blood vessel",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The ____________ a type of blood cells helps in clotting of blood.",
        "ans": "platelets",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 2
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The human heart beats about ____________ per minute in an adult person.",
        "ans": "70–80 beats",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 3
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Pulmonary ____________ carries carbon-dioxide-rich blood to the lungs, while the pulmonary ____________ carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart.",
        "ans": "artery, veins",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 4
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The two upper chambers of the heart are called ____________ and the two lower chambers are called ____________.",
        "ans": "atrium, ventricle",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 5
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The doctor feels our heartbeats with the help of an instrument called a ____________.",
        "ans": "stethoscope",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 6
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The main excretory product in aquatic animals is ____________.",
        "ans": "ammonia",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 7
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The waste present in blood is removed by ____________.",
        "ans": "kidneys",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 8
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "____________ is used to carry the urine from kidney to urinary bladder.",
        "ans": "Ureter",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 9
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The urine consists of ____________ percentage of water.",
        "ans": "95%",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 10
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The food synthesised in the leaves is transported to all parts of the plants by the vascular tissues called ____________.",
        "ans": "phloem",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 11
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The cooling effect in plants is mainly due to the process of ____________.",
        "ans": "transpiration",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 12
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Haemoglobin present in the red blood cells helps in the transportation of ____________.",
        "ans": "oxygen",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 13
      }
	],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Match the Following.",
        "qus": null,
        "ans": "1. (a),  2. (d), 3. (f),  4. (b),  5. (e),  6. (c)",
        "code": "MTF",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [
          {
            "image": "1. Right ventricle",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "2. Pulmonary veins",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "3. Left atrium",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "4. Pulmonary arteries",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "5. Left ventricle",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "6. Right auricle",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option2": [
          {
            "image": "(a) Right auricle",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(b) Take deoxygenated blood from the heart to lungs.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(c) Receives blood from different parts of the body.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(d) Bring oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(e) Pushes blood into the aorta.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(f) Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option3": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option4": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "State three important functions of blood.",
        "ans": "The three functions of blood are:<br> • It transports substances like nutrients absorbed from small intestine throughout the body.<br> • It carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body.<br> • It also transport waste for removal from the body.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Name the constituents of blood.",
        "ans": "Fluid part of blood is plasma<br> • Red blood cells are present in blood which contain haemoglobin.<br> • White blood cells which fight against germs that may enter our body.<br> • Platelets – it forms clot on wound or damaged parts.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 2
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Name the blood cells which contain haemoglobin. Give two functions of haemoglobin.",
        "ans": "• Red blood cells (RBC) contain haemoglobin<br> • Haemoglobin binds with oxygen and transports if to all the parts of the body and to all cells.<br> • The presence of haemoglobin also make blood appear red.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 3
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Give the functions of:<br> (i) Red Blood Cells (RBC) <br> (ii) White Blood Cells (WBC) <br> (iii) Platelets",
        "ans": "(i) Red Blood Cells (RBC): It contains red blood pigment called haemoglobin which helps in transportation of oxygen to all parts of the body. <br>(ii) White Blood Cells (WBC): White blood cells (WRC) fight against germs that may enter our body.<br> (iii) Platelets: Platelets are a type of blood cells, it helps in formation of clot.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 4
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What are capillaries?",
        "ans": "Capillaries are smaller forms of arteries and veins. Arteries divide into smaller vessels. On reaching the tissue, there divide further into extremely thin tubes called capillaries. The capillaries join up to form veins which empty into the heart.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 5
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe the function of heart.",
        "ans": "The heart is an organ which beats continuously to act as a pump for the transport of blood. It takes up deoxigenated blood from the body pass it into the lungs where blood gets purified and then comes into heart and gets pumped to the various parts of the body by heart.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 6
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain briefly the working of the circulatory system.",
        "ans": "The circulatory system constitute heart, arteries and veins. Oxygen has to be transported throughout the body. The arteries supplied oxygen rich blood to the body with the pump of heart with that veins take the deoxygenated blood from body to heart which is then supplied to the lungs for oxygenation and again brought back and then passed into the body again.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 7,
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch11a7a.jpg",
          "width": "282",
          "height": "345"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What do you mean by ‘pulse’? What is the pulse rate in a resting person?",
        "ans": "When, the middle finger and index finger of right hand is placed in the inner side of left wrist. You can feel some throbbing movements it is called pulse it is due to blood flowing in arteries each heartbeat generates one pulse in the arteries and the pulse rate per minute indicates the rate of heart beat. The average pulse rate varies from 60 to 100 pulses per minute.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 8
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is a stethoscope? Explain in brief its construction.",
        "ans": "A doctor uses the stethoscope as a device to amplify the sound of the heart. It consist of a chestpiece that consist a sensitive diaphragm, two ear pieces and a tube joining the parts.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 9,
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch11a9a.jpg",
          "width": "293",
          "height": "200"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is the relationship between heartbeat and pulse rate?",
        "ans": "Each heartbeat generates one pulse in the arteries and the pulse rate per minute indicates the rate of heart beat.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 10
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "List the human excretory organs.",
        "ans": "The organs of human excretory organs includes – a pair of kidneys (left and right) – a pair of ureters (left and right) – one urinary bladder – one urethra and urinary opening.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 11
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What are the main constituents of urine?",
        "ans": "The urine consist of 95% water, 2.5% urea and 2.5% other waste products.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 12
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Give a brief account of dialysis.",
        "ans": "Sometimes a persons kidneys may stop working due to infection on injury. As a result of kidney failure, waste products start accumulating in the blood, such persons cannot survive unless their blood is filtered periodically through an artificial kidney. This is called dialysis.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 13
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Why is it necessary to excrete waste products?",
        "ans": "When our cells perform their functions certain work products are released. These are toxic and hence need to be removed from the body.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 14
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Define tissue. Name the two vascular tissues found in plants.",
        "ans": "A similar group of cells performing similar function is called a tissue. The two vascular tissues found in plants are xylem and phloem.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 15
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How is food transported from the leaves to all parts of the plant?",
        "ans": "The leaves synthesize food. The food has to be transported to all parts of the plant. This is done by vascular tissue called phloem.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 16
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How do plants get rid of excess water?",
        "ans": "Plants absorb mineral nutrients and water from the soil. Not all the water absorbed in utilised by the plant. The water evaporates through the stomata present on the surface of the leaves by process called transpiration through which excess water in plant gets evaporated.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 17
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Why is transportation important for plants?",
        "ans": "Plants need a transport system to move food, water and minerals around. They use two different systems xylem moves water and solutes from the roots to the leaves. Phloem moves food substances from leaves to the rest of the plant.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 18
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Why transportation of materials is necessary in a plant or an animal? Explain.",
        "ans": "Transport of materials is necessary in both plant and animals as every cell needs a regular supply of nutrients and oxygen for releasing energy through respiration. The food that we eat in broken down into smaller components to be absorbed by the cells.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 19
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Differentiate between Artery the and Vein",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "aoption1": [
          {
            "image": "Artery",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• They are thick walled",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• Arteries have no valve",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• Carry oxygenated blood except pulmonary artery",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption2": [
          {
            "image": "Vein",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• They are thin walled",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• They have valves",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• Carry deoxygenated blood except pulmonary vein",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "val": 20
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Differentiate between the Transportation in plants and transpiration in plants",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "aoption1": [
          {
            "image": "Transportation",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• It is transport of soluble products of photosynthesis",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• Occurs through phloem in the form of sucrose by utilizing energy",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption2": [
          {
            "image": "Transpiration",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• Plays role in transport of water and minerals",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• Occurs through xylem by simple physical forces",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "val": 21
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Differentiate between the Atrium and Ventricles ",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
       "aoption1": [
          {
            "image": "Atrium",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• The upper chambers in heart are called atrium",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• The walls of atrium are thin",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• Supply oxygenated blood",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption2": [
          {
            "image": "Vein",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• The lower chambers in heart are called ventricles.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• The walls of ventricles are thick",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• Supply deoxygenated blood",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "val": 22
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [
	{
        "heading": "Complete the sentences.",
        "qus": "Fill in the blanks of the following paragraph using just two words – arteries and veins:<br> (a) _____________ carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body and (b) _____________ carry carbon-dioxide-rich blood from all parts of the body back to the heart. (c) _____________ have thin walls and (d) _____________ have thick elastic walls. Blood flows at high pressure in (e) _____________. Valves are present in (f) _____________ which allow blood to flow only towards the heart. (g) _____________ divide into smaller vessels. These vessels further divide into extremely thin tubes called capillaries. The capillaries join up to form (h) _____________.",
        "ans": "(a) arteries, &ensp;(b) veins, &ensp;(c) arteries, &ensp;(d) ventricles, &ensp;(e)arteries, &ensp;(f) veins, &ensp;(g)arteries, &ensp;(h) veins",
        "code": "CS",
        
        "val": 1
      }
	],
    [
	 {
        "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
        "qus": "Draw a schematic diagram of circulation present in human beings.",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "PBQ",
        
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch11b1a.jpg",
          "width": "400",
          "height": "489"
        },
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
        "qus": "Draw a labelled diagram of human excretory system.",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "PBQ",
        
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch11b2a.jpg",
          "width": "325",
          "height": "466"
        },
        "val": 3
      }
	],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    []
  ],
  "yn": "ch11_yn",
  "afq": "ch11_afq",
  "nf": "ch11_nf",
  "co": "ch11_co",
  "fib": "ch11_fib",
  "mcq": "ch11_mcq",
  "saq": "ch11_saq",
  "grade": "Grade 7",
  "vsaq": "ch11_vsaq",
  "laq": "ch11_laq",
  "mtf": "ch11_mtf",
  "tf": "ch11_tf",
  "pbq": "ch11_pbq",
  "un": "ch11_un",
  "grf": "ch11_grf",
  "jtf": "ch11_jtf",
  "dtf": "ch11_dtf",
  "cs": "ch11_cs",
  "ctt": "ch11_ctt",
  "gowf": "ch11_gowf",
  "ctco": "ch11_ctco",
  "map": "ch11_map",
  "afow": "ch11_afow",
  "snc": "ch11_snc"
},
{
  "subject": "Science",
  "chapter": "ch12",
  "chapterName": "Chapter 12 - Reproduction in Plants",
  "all": [
    [
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following parts of the pistil contains the ovules?",
        "ans": "(c) Ovary",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Stigma",
          "(b) Style",
          "(c) Ovary",
          "(d) None of these"
        ],
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "After fertilisation, ovary develops into",
        "ans": "(c) Fruit",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Seed",
          "(b) Zygote",
          "(c) Fruit",
          "(d) Embryo"
        ],
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Spiny seeds with hooks are dispersed by means of",
        "ans": "(b) Animals",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Wind",
          "(b) Animals",
          "(c) Water",
          "(d) Insects"
        ],
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Vegetative propagation is a method to form new plants in which",
        "ans": "(d) Only a single parent is involved.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Two parents are involved.",
          "(b) Only pistil is involved.",
          "(c) Both stamens and carpels are involved.",
          "(d) Only a single parent is involved."
        ],
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following is incorrect regarding pollination?",
        "ans": "(a) Cross-pollination takes place in the same flower.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Cross-pollination takes place in the same flower.",
          "(b) Insect pollinated flowers have colourful and fragrant flowers.",
          "(c) Wind pollinated flowers have light pollen grains.",
          "(d) Pollination precedes fertilisation."
        ],
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following parts of a plant take part in sexual reproduction?<br> (i) Flower &ensp; (ii) Seed<br> (iii) Fruit &ensp; (iv) Leaves<br> Choose the correct answer from below.",
        "ans": "(b) (i), (ii) and (iii)",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) (i) and (ii)",
          "(b) (i), (ii) and (iii)",
          "(c) (iii) and (iv)",
          "(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)"
        ],
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Lila observed that a pond with clear water was covered up with green algae within a week. By which method of reproduction did the algae spread so rapidly?",
        "ans": "(c) Fragmentation",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Budding",
          "(b) Sexual reproduction",
          "(c) Fragmentation",
          "(d) Pollination"
        ],
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Seeds of drumstick and maple are carried to long distances by wind because they possess",
        "ans": "(a) winged seeds",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) winged seeds",
          "(b) large and hairy seeds",
          "(c) long and ridged fruits",
          "(d) spiny seeds"
        ],
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The ‘eye’ of the potato plant is what",
        "ans": "(c) the bud is to Bryophyllum leaf",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) the root is to any plant",
          "(b) the bud is to a flower",
          "(c) the bud is to Bryophyllum leaf",
          "(d) the anther is to stamen"
        ],
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The ovaries of different flowers may contain",
        "ans": "(c) one to many ovules",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) only one ovule",
          "(b) many ovules",
          "(c) one to many ovules",
          "(d) only two ovules"
        ],
        "val": 10
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following statements is/are true for sexual reproduction in plants?<br> (i) Plants are obtained from seeds.<br> (ii) Two plants are always essential.<br> (iii) Fertilisation can occur only after pollination.<br> (iv) Only insects are agents of pollination.<br> Choose from the options given below.",
        "ans": "(a) (i) and (iii)",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) (i) and (iii)",
          "(b) (i) only",
          "(c) (ii) and (iii)",
          "(d) (i) and (iv)"
        ],
        "val": 11
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Pollination refers to the",
        "ans": "",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) transfer of pollen from anther to ovary.",
          "(b) transfer of male gametes from anther to stigma.",
          "(c) transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.",
          "(d) transfer of pollen from anther to ovule."
        ],
        "val": 12
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [
	 {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The roots, stems and leaves are called the _____________ parts of a plant.",
        "ans": "Vegetative",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Plants produce seeds as a result of _____________ reproduction.",
        "ans": "Sexual",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 2
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Yeast reproduces by ___________________.",
        "ans": "budding (asexual reproduction)",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 3
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Transfer of pollen grains from _____________ to _____________ is called pollination.",
        "ans": "anther, stigma",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 4
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "A flower having both male and female reproductive parts is called _____________.",
        "ans": "bisexual flower",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 5
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "On fertilisation, ovary is transformed into ______________ and the ovules develop into _____________.",
        "ans": "fruit, seed/embryo",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 6
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called _____________.",
        "ans": "pollination",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 7
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The cell which results after fusion of the gametes is called a _____________.",
        "ans": "zygote",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 8
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The zygote develops into an _____________.",
        "ans": "embryo",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 9
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The anther contains pollen grains which produce _____________.",
        "ans": "Male gametes",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 10
      }
	],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Match the Following.",
        "qus": null,
        "ans": "1. (c),  2. (e), 3. (b),  4. (a),  5. (d)",
        "code": "MTF",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [
          {
            "image": "1. Bud",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "2. Eyes",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "3. Fragmentation",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "4. Wings",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "5. Spores",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option2": [
          {
            "image": "(a) Maple",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(b) Spirogyra",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(c) Yeast",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(d) Bread mould",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(e) Potato",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option3": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option4": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction.",
        "ans": "Budding – Yeast reproduces by process of budding.<br> Fragmentation – Spirogyra reproduces by process of fragmentation.<br> Spore formation – fungus reproduces by spore formation.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What are vegetative buds? Name three plants which reproduce by means of it.",
        "ans": "Different parts of the plant produces Reproductive buds which when fall on the ground produces a new offspring, three plants that reproduces by budding are Bryophyllum, sweet potato, dahlia, ginger, potato etc.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 2
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What type of reproduction takes place in Bryophyllum? Explain.",
        "ans": "Bryophyllum has buds on the margins of the leaves. If a leaf of this plant falls on a moist soil each bud can give rise to a new plant.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 3
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Name two plants which store food in their roots and also reproduce vegetatively.",
        "ans": "Carrot, Radish, Turnip, sweet potato, Asparagus etc are some examples of plants. Which store food in their roots and also reproduce vegetatively.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 4
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How does reproduction take place in cacti plants?",
        "ans": "Plants such as cacti produce new plants when their parts get detached from the main plant body. Each detached part can grow into a new plant.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 5
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Give three advantages of vegetative propagation.",
        "ans": "Plants produced by vegetative propagation take less time to grow and bear flowers and fruits earlier than those produced from seeds. The new plants are exact copies of the parent plant as they are produced from a single parent.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 6
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain the given terms with examples:<br>(a) Budding: <br> (b) Fragmentation:",
        "ans": "(a) Budding: Budding is a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism developer from an outgrowth or bad due to cell division at one particular site. These buds develop into tiny individuals and, when fully mature detach from the parent body and become new independent individuals examples: hydra and yeast. <br>(b) Fragmentation: When water and nutrients are available algae grow and multiply rapidly by fragmentation. An alga divides into two or more fragments. These fragments or pieces grow into new individuals. This process continues and they cover a large area in a short period of time.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 7,
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch12b1a.jpg",
          "width": "273",
          "height": "327"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain what do you understand by the term sexual reproduction.",
        "ans": "Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves the production of male and female gametes. The transfer of the male gametes to the female ovules in a process is called pollination and after pollination occurs fertilization happens and the ovules grow into seed within fruit.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 8
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Why are spores covered by hard protective coat?",
        "ans": "Each spore is covered by hard protective coat to withstand unfavourable conditions such as high temperature and low humidity so they can survive for long time.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 9
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe the reproductive parts of a flower.",
        "ans": "There are two reproductive parts of the flowers (a) stamen (b) Pistil – the stamen consists of anther and filament anther consist of pollen grain, the male Reproductive organ.<br> Pistil consist of stigma, style, ovary, ovule the female reproductive organ.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 10
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Give one point of difference between wind pollinated and insect pollinated flowers.",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        
		 "aoption1": [
          {
            "image": "Wind pollinated",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "They are odourless and decorated of nectar.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption2": [
          {
            "image": "Insect pollinated",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "Strongly odoured and usually possess nectar or edible pollen",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
          
        ],
        "val": 11
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain the different types of pollination found in flowering plants.",
        "ans": "There are two different types of pollination (1) Self pollination (2) Cross pollination<br> • If the pollen lands on the stigma of same flower. It is called self pollination.<br> • When the pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of another flower of same plant or that of the same kind is called cross pollination.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 12
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe briefly the process of fertilisation in a flower.",
        "ans": "The cells which results after fusion of the gametes is called a zygote. The process of fusion of male and females gametes (to form a zygote) is called fertilization. The zygote developes into an embryo. Which forms a fruit.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 13
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain the main difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination.",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "aoption1": [
          {
            "image": "Self pollination",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "In self pollination the pollen lands on the stigma of same flower it is called self pollination",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption2": [
          {
            "image": "Cross pollination",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "When the pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of another flower of same plant or that of the same kind is called cross pollination",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
          
        ],
        "val": 14
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Mention the important changes in a flower that take place after fertilsation.",
        "ans": "After fertilisation the ovary grows into a fruit and other parts of flower fall off. The fruit is the ripened ovary the seeds develop from the ovules. The seeds contains an embryo enclosed in a protective seed coat.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 15
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "List the benefits of seed dispersal in plants.",
        "ans": "Plants benefits by seed dispersal, it prevents competition between the plant and its own seedlings for sunlight, water and minerals it also enables the plants to imrade new habitate for wider distribution.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 16
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe the different ways by which seeds are dispersed.",
        "ans": "Some seeds are dispersed by water, some seeds are dispersed by animals, some seeds are dispersed where the fruits burst with sudden jerks.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 17
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
	 {
        "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
        "qus": "In the diagram below, label the parts marked (a), (b) and (c).",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "PBQ",
       
        "pic": {
          "image": "ch12a1.jpg",
          "width": "221",
          "height": "280"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch12a1a.jpg",
          "width": "377",
          "height": "280"
        },
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
        "qus": "In the figure of a flower given below, label the parts whose functions are given below and give their names.<br> (a) The part which contains pollen grains.<br>(b) The part where the female gamete is formed.<br> (c) The female reproductive part where pollen grains germinate.<br> (d) The colourful part of flower which attracts insects.",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "PBQ",
       
        "pic": {
          "image": "ch12a2.jpg",
          "width": "290",
          "height": "210"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch12a2a.jpg",
          "width": "416",
          "height": "210"
        },
        "val": 2
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
        "qus": "In the diagram of a bisexual flower given below, draw the missing part and label the parts marked (a), (b) and (c). Also label the missing part that you draw.",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "PBQ",
       
        "pic": {
          "image": "ch12a3.jpg",
          "width": "342",
          "height": "240"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch12a3a.jpg",
          "width": "403",
          "height": "240"
        },
        "val": 3
      }
	],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    []
  ],
  "yn": "ch12_yn",
  "afq": "ch12_afq",
  "nf": "ch12_nf",
  "co": "ch12_co",
  "fib": "ch12_fib",
  "mcq": "ch12_mcq",
  "saq": "ch12_saq",
  "grade": "Grade 7",
  "vsaq": "ch12_vsaq",
  "laq": "ch12_laq",
  "mtf": "ch12_mtf",
  "tf": "ch12_tf",
  "pbq": "ch12_pbq",
  "un": "ch12_un",
  "grf": "ch12_grf",
  "jtf": "ch12_jtf",
  "dtf": "ch12_dtf",
  "cs": "ch12_cs",
  "ctt": "ch12_ctt",
  "gowf": "ch12_gowf",
  "ctco": "ch12_ctco",
  "map": "ch12_map",
  "afow": "ch12_afow",
  "snc": "ch12_snc"
},
{
  "subject": "Science",
  "chapter": "ch13",
  "chapterName": "Chapter 13 - Motion and Time",
  "all": [
    [
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following relations is correct?",
        "ans": "(a) Speed = Distance × Time.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Speed = Distance × Time.",
          "(b) Speed = Distance/Time.",
          "(c) Speed = Time/Distance.",
          "(d) Speed = Distance × Time."
        ],
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The basic unit of speed is:",
        "ans": "(d) m/s",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) km/min",
          "(b) m/min",
          "(c) km/h",
          "(d) m/s"
        ],
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "A car moves with a speed of 40 km/h for 15 minutes and then with a speed of 60 km/h for the next 15 minutes. The total distance covered by the car is:",
        "ans": "(b) 25 km",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) 100 km",
          "(b) 25 km",
          "(c) 15 km",
          "(d) 10 km"
        ],
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following cannot be used for measurement of time?",
        "ans": "(a) A leaking tap",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) A leaking tap",
          "(b) Simple pendulum",
          "(c) Shadow of an object during the day",
          "(d) Blinking of eyes"
        ],
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Two clocks A and B are shown in the figure. Clock A has an hour and a minute hand, whereas clock B has an hour hand, minute hand as well as a second hand. Which of the following statements is correct for these clocks?",
        "ans": "(c) A time interval of 5 minutes can be measured by both A and B.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) A time interval of 30 seconds can be measured by clock A.",
          "(b) A time interval of 30 seconds cannot be measured by clock B.",
          "(c) A time interval of 5 minutes can be measured by both A and B.",
          "(d) A time interval of 4 minutes 10 seconds can be measured by clock A."
        ],
		"pic": {
          "image": "ch13a5.jpg",
          "width": "317",
          "height": "150"
        },
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Two students were asked to plot a distance-time graph for the motion described by Table A and Table B. The graph given below is true for",
        "ans": "(a) both A and B.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) both A and B.",
          "(b) A only.",
          "(c) B only.",
          "(d) neither A nor B."
        ],
		"pic": {
          "image": "ch13a6.jpg",
          "width": "455",
          "height": "430"
        },
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "A bus travels 54 km in 90 minutes. The speed of the bus is",
        "ans": "(d) 3.6 m/s",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) 0.6 m/s",
          "(b) 10 m/s",
          "(c) 5.4 m/s",
          "(d) 3.6 m/s"
        ],
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "If we denote speed by S, distance by D and time by T, the relationship between these quantities is",
        "ans": "(a) S = D × T",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) S = D × T",
          "(b) T = S D",
          "(c) S = 1/D × T",
          "(d) S = T/D"
        ],
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Observe the figure.<br> The time period of a simple pendulum is the time taken by it to travel from",
        "ans": "(a) A to B and back to A.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) A to B and back to A.",
          "(b) O to A, A to B and B to A.",
          "(c) B to A, A to B and B to O.",
          "(d) A to B."
        ],
		"pic": {
          "image": "ch13a9.jpg",
          "width": "193",
          "height": "200"
        },
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The figure shows an oscillating pendulum.<br> Time taken by the bob to move from A to C is t1 and from C to O is t2. The time period of this simple pendulum is",
        "ans": "(b) 2(t<sub>1</sub> + t<sub>2</sub>)",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) (t<sub>1</sub> + t<sub>2</sub>)",
          "(b) 2(t<sub>1</sub> + t<sub>2</sub>)",
          "(c) 3(t<sub>1</sub> + t<sub>2</sub>)",
          "(d) 4(t<sub>1</sub> + t<sub>2</sub>)"
        ],
		"pic": {
          "image": "ch13a10.jpg",
          "width": "218",
          "height": "200"
        },
        "val": 10
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The correct symbol to represent the speed of an object is",
        "ans": "(a) 5 m/s",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) 5 m/s ",
          "(b) 5 mp",
          "(c) 5 m/s<sup>-1</sup>",
          "(d) s/m"
        ],		
        "val": 11
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Boojho walks to his school which is at a distance of 3 km from his home in 30 minutes. On reaching he finds that the school is closed and comes back by a bicycle with his friend and reaches home in 20 minutes. His average speed in km/h is",
        "ans": "(d) 3.6",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) 8.3",
          "(b) 7.2",
          "(c) 5",
          "(d) 3.6"
        ],
        "val": 12
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [
	 {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "____________ is the distance covered by the object in unit time.",
        "ans": "Speed",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "In ____________ type of motion, the speed of the object moving along a line keeps on changing.",
        "ans": "non-uniform",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 2
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The interval between two events is called ____________.",
        "ans": "time",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 3
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The metallic ball of a simple pendulum is called the ____________.",
        "ans": "bob",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 4
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The to-and-fro motion of a simple pendulum is an example of a ____________ or an ____________.",
        "ans": "periodic, oscillatory",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 5
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Most clocks or watches used presently have an electric circuit, with one or more cells, these are called  ____________ clocks.",
        "ans": "quartz",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 6
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The basic unit of time is ____________.",
        "ans": "second",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 7
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "____________ of the objects helps us to decide which one is moving faster than the other.",
        "ans": "Speed",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 8
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "____________ is used to show the speed in the vehicles.",
        "ans": "Speedometer",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 9
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Odometer is used to measure ____________ in the vehicles.",
        "ans": "distance",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 10
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "If the distance-time graph is a straight line, it indicates that the object is moving with a ______________.",
        "ans": "constant speed",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 11
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The line XOX’ is known as _____________ and the line YOY’ is known as______________.",
        "ans": "horizontal line, verticle line",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 12
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The point of intersection of XOX’ and YOY’ is known as ______________.",
        "ans": "origin ‘O’",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 13
      }
	],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Write down the formula to find the average speed of an object.",
        "ans": "The formula to find the average speed of an object is",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch13b1a.jpg",
          "width": "267",
          "height": "42"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "A car travels between Delhi and Agra in 4 hours. If the distance between the two cities is 160 km, what is the average speed of the car?",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 2,
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch13b2a.jpg",
          "width": "250",
          "height": "100"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "A boy cycles down from his house to his school at a speed of 18 km/h and reaches there in 30 minutes. How far is the school from his house?",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 3,
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch13b3a.jpg",
          "width": "370",
          "height": "80"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "A snail covers 1 metre in 10 seconds. What is the speed of the snail?",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 4,
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch13b4a.jpg",
          "width": "320",
          "height": "140"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Car ‘A’ travelled a distance of 200 km in 4 hours, whereas car ‘B’ travelled a distance of 150 km in 2.5 hours. Which car travelled faster?",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 5,
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch13b5a.jpg",
          "width": "491",
          "height": "80"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "When is a pendulum said to have completed one oscillation, explain with a suitable diagram?",
        "ans": "The pendulum is said to have completed one oscillation when its bob, starting from its mean position O, moves to A and B and back too. The pendulum also completes one oscillation when its bob moves from one extreme position A to the other extreme position B return back to A.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 6,
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch13b6a.jpg",
          "width": "433",
          "height": "200"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "With the help of an activity, explain how will you measure the time period of a simple pendulum.",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 7,
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch13b7aa.jpg",
          "width": "550",
          "height": "310"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Name the three types of time measuring devices used in earlier times.",
        "ans": "The three type of time measuring devices used in earlier times are sundials, water clocks and sand clocks are some examples of such devices.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 8
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What kind of watch is used to measure the time in an athletics meet?",
        "ans": "To measure the time in an athletics meet stopwatches are used. It convey the total time taken by the athletes to complete the race.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 9
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "A simple pendulum takes 32 s to complete 20 oscillations. What is the time period of the oscillation?",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 10,
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch13b10a.jpg",
          "width": "320",
          "height": "140"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Which meters are used in vehicles? What are they used for?",
        "ans": "There are two types of meters used in vehicles (i) speedometer – Which covers speed of vehicle in km/hr. Odometer – It measures the distance covered by the vehicle.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 11
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "A superfast train moves with a speed of 120 km/h. What is the distance travelled by the train in one minute?",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 12,
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch13b12a.jpg",
          "width": "280",
          "height": "120"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "The odometer of a car reads 57321.0 km when the clock shows the time 8:30 am. What is the distance moved by the car if at 8:50 am, the odometer reading has changed to 57336.0 km? Calculate the speed of the car in km/min during this time. Express the speed in km/h also.",
        "ans": "The distance travelled will be 57336 – 57321 = 15 km<br> Therefore speed = 15/20 = 0.75 km/hr<br> Therefore speed = 15 × 60 / 20 = 45 km/hr<br> So the speed of car is 45 kmph or 0.75 km per minute if it covers 15 km in 20 minutes.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 13
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Salma takes 15 minutes from her house to reach her school on a bicycle. If the bicycle has a speed of 2 m/s, calculate the distance between her house and the school.",
        "ans": "Time t = 15 m = 15 × 60 sec = 900 sec<br> Speed = 2 m/s;<br> Distance = 900 × 2 = 1800 m<br> Thus the distance between her house and school is 1.8 km.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 14
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": " ",
        "ans": "(a) Mahesh<br> (b) Mahesh<br> (c) Suresh",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 15,

		"pic": {
          "image": "ch13b15.jpg",
          "width": "485",
          "height": "215"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch13b15a.jpg",
          "width": "187",
          "height": "180"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Show the shape of the distance-time graph for the motion in the following cases:<br> (a) A car moving with a constant speed<br> (b) A car parked on a side road.",
        "ans": "",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 16,
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch13b16a.jpg",
          "width": "295",
          "height": "275"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Complete the data of the table given below with the help of the distance-time graph given in the figure.",
        "ans": "",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 17,
		"pic": {
          "image": "ch13b17.jpg",
          "width": "520",
          "height": "350"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch13b17a.jpg",
          "width": "520",
          "height": "70"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Starting from A, Paheli moves along a rectangular path ABCD as shown in the figure below.<br> She takes 2 minutes to travel each side. Plot a distance-time graph and explain whether the motion is uniform or non-uniform.",
        "ans": "",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 18,
		"pic": {
          "image": "ch13b18.jpg",
          "width": "278",
          "height": "172"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch13b18a.jpg",
          "width": "223",
          "height": "150"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "The given figure is the distance-time graph of the motion of an object.<br> (i) What will be the position of the object at 20 s? 8 m<br> (ii) What will be the distance travelled by the object in 12 s? 6 m<br> (iii) What is the average speed of the object? 0.5 m/s",
        "ans": "(i) 8 m<br> (ii) 6 m<br> (iii) 0.5 m/s",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 19,
		"pic": {
          "image": "ch13b19.jpg",
          "width": "200",
          "height": "333"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Boojho goes to the football ground to play football. The distance-time graph of his journey from his home to the ground is given as the figure below.<br> (a) What does the graph between points B and C indicate about the motion of Boojho? rest position<br>  (b) Is the motion between 0 and 4 minutes uniform or non-uniform? non-uniform<br> (c) What is his speed between 8 and 12 minutes of his journey? 18.75 m/m",
        "ans": "(a) Rest position<br>  (b) Non-uniform<br> (c) 18.75 m/m",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 20,
		"pic": {
          "image": "ch13b20.jpg",
          "width": "267",
          "height": "300"
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
	 {
        "heading": "Define the following.",
        "qus": "Specify the term:<br> Speed :",
        "ans": "The distance covered by an object in a unit time is called speed.",
        "code": "DTF",
        "val": 1,
		"ansimg": {
          "image": "ch13d1a.jpg",
          "width": "286",
          "height": "45"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Define the following.",
        "qus": "Specify the term:<br> Non-uniform motion :",
        "ans": "If the speed of an object moving along a straight line keeps changing its motion is said to be non-uniform.",
        "code": "DTF",
        "val": 2
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Define the following.",
        "qus": "Specify the term:<br> Uniform motion :",
        "ans": "An object moving along a straight line with a constant speed is said to be uniform motion.",
        "code": "DTF",
        "val": 3
		
      }
	 ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    []
  ],
  "yn": "ch13_yn",
  "afq": "ch13_afq",
  "nf": "ch13_nf",
  "co": "ch13_co",
  "fib": "ch13_fib",
  "mcq": "ch13_mcq",
  "saq": "ch13_saq",
  "grade": "Grade 7",
  "vsaq": "ch13_vsaq",
  "laq": "ch13_laq",
  "mtf": "ch13_mtf",
  "tf": "ch13_tf",
  "pbq": "ch13_pbq",
  "un": "ch13_un",
  "grf": "ch13_grf",
  "jtf": "ch13_jtf",
  "dtf": "ch13_dtf",
  "cs": "ch13_cs",
  "ctt": "ch13_ctt",
  "gowf": "ch13_gowf",
  "ctco": "ch13_ctco",
  "map": "ch13_map",
  "afow": "ch13_afow",
  "snc": "ch13_snc"
},
{
  "subject": "Science",
  "chapter": "ch14",
  "chapterName": "Chapter 14 - Electric Current and Its Effects",
  "all": [
    [
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The ISI mark on an electric appliance ensures that the",
        "ans": "(c) Appliance is safe and wastage of energy is minimum",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Appliance is popular",
          "(b) Appliance is durable",
          "(c) Appliance is safe and wastage of energy is minimum",
          "(d) Appliance is fire proof"
        ],
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The magnetic effect of current was first observed by",
        "ans": "(d) H.C. Oersted",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Ohm",
          "(b) Faraday",
          "(c) Coulomb",
          "(d) H.C. Oersted"
        ],
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The device used to close or open an electric circuit is",
        "ans": "(a) Switch",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Switch",
          "(b) Resistance",
          "(c) Rheostat",
          "(d) MCB"
        ],
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following appliances is not based on the principle of heating effect of current?",
        "ans": "(d) Electric bell",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Electric bulb",
          "(b) Electric kettle",
          "(c) Room heater",
          "(d) Electric bell"
        ],
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The safety device in electrical appliances is",
        "ans": "(c) Fuse",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Resistance",
          "(b) Filament",
          "(c) Fuse",
          "(d) Resistors"
        ],
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "When an electric current flows through a copper wire AB as shown in the figure, the wire",
        "ans": "(a) deflects a magnetic needle placed near it",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) deflects a magnetic needle placed near it",
          "(b) becomes red hot",
          "(c) gives electric shock",
          "(d) behaves like a fuse"
        ],
		"pic": {
          "image": "ch14a6.jpg",
          "width": "200",
          "height": "158"
        },
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Choose the statement which is not correct in the case of an electric fuse.",
        "ans": "(c) There is a minimum limit on the current which can safely flow in the electric circuits.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Fuses are inserted in electric circuits of all buildings.",
          "(b) There is a maximum limit on the current which can safely flow through the electric circuits.",
          "(c) There is a minimum limit on the current which can safely flow in the electric circuits.",
          "(d) If a proper fuse is inserted in a circuit, it will blow off if current exceeds the safe limit."
        ],
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Three bulbs A, B and C are connected in a circuit as shown in the figure below.<br> When the switch is ‘ON’,",
        "ans": "(c) all the bulbs A, B and C will glow at the same time.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) bulb C will glow first.",
          "(b) bulbs B and C will glow simultaneously and bulb A will glow after some time.",
          "(c) all the bulbs A, B and C will glow at the same time.",
          "(d) the bulbs will glow in the order A, B and C."
        ],
		"pic": {
          "image": "ch14a8.jpg",
          "width": "319",
          "height": "100"
        },
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "When a switch is in OFF position,<br>(i) circuit starting from the positive terminal of the cell stops at the switch.<br>(ii) circuit is open.<br>(iii) no current flows through it.<br>(iv) current flows after some time.<br>Choose the combination of correct answers from the following.",
        "ans": "(b) (ii) and (iii) are correct",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) all are correct",
          "(b) (ii) and (iii) are correct",
          "(c) only (iv) is correct",
          "(d) only (i) and (ii) are correct"
        ],
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following precautions need not be taken while using electric gadgets/appliances/circuit?",
        "ans": "(d) We should never turn the switch in ON position.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) We should never touch a lighted electric bulb connected to the mains.",
          "(b) We should never experiment with the electric supply from the mains or a generator or an inverter.",
          "(c) We should never use just any wire or strip of metal in place of a fuse.",
          "(d) We should never turn the switch in ON position."
        ],
        "val": 10
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [
	 {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "A bulb in an electric circuit glows up when the circuit is ___________.",
        "ans": "connected / ON",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "If the filament of the bulb is broken, the circuit would be ___________.",
        "ans": "incomplete",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 2
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The coil of wire in an electric room heater is called an ___________.",
        "ans": "element",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 3
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The amount of heat produced in a wire depends on its ___________, ___________ and ___________.",
        "ans": "Resistance of, Current flowing wire, time of flow",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 4
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "A fuse ___________ if the current is too large.",
        "ans": "heat",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 5
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The magnetic effect of electric current was first observed by ___________.",
        "ans": "H.C. Oersted",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 6
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "A magnet formed due to the magnetic field of an electric current is called ___________.",
        "ans": "electromagnet",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 7
      }
	],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How are the cells connected in a battery?",
        "ans": "Cells in a battery are connected with positive terminal of one cell to the negative terminal of another cell with a thick wire on a metal strip.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Why does the filament of a bulb become hot?",
        "ans": "The filament of an electric bulb gets heated to such a high temperature that it starts glowing that produces light because of this filament of a bulb become hot.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 2
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is the heating effect of electric current?",
        "ans": "When an electric current is passed through a conductor the conductor becomes hot after some time and produce heat. This happens due to the conversion of some electric energy passing through the conductor into heat energy. This effect of electric current is called heating effect of current.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 3
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Make a list of five electrical appliances that use the heating effect of electric current.",
        "ans": "Most of the appliances can be used in household work such as filament lamp, electric heater, electric iron, electric kettle, electric gas.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 4
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Mention the factors on which the amount of heat produced in a wire depends.",
        "ans": "The factors on which the amount of heat produced depends on electric current. Resistance to heating element and time period to utilise the energy.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 5
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is electric fuse? How does a fuse wire protect an electric circuit?",
        "ans": "A fuse breaks the circuit if a fault in on appliance causes to much current flow. This protects the wiring and the appliances if something goes wrong. The fuse contains a piece of wire that melts easily. If the current going through the fuse is too great, the wire heats up unit it melts and breaks the circuit.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 6
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What do you mean by MCBs?",
        "ans": "MCBs – are miniature circuit breakers, there are switches which automatically turn off when current in a circuit exceeds the safe limit. You turn them on 8 once again the circuit is complete.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 7
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe a simple experiment to show that an electric current produces a magnetic effect.",
        "ans": "Activity: Take the cardboard tray from inside a discarded matchbox. Wrap an electric wire a few times around the cardboard tray. Place a small compass needle inside it. Now connect the free ends of this wire to an electric cell through a switch as shown in Fig. <br>Note the direction in which the compass needle is pointing. Bring a bar magnet near the compass needle. Observe what happens. Now, while watching the compass needle carefully, move the switch to the ‘ON’ position. What do you observe? Does the compass needle deflect? Move the switch back to the ‘OFF’ position. Does the compass needle come back to its initial position? <br>Repeat the experiment a few times. What does this experiment indicate? We know that the needle of a compass is a tiny magnet, which points in north-south direction. When we bring a magnet close to it, the needle gets deflected when the current flows in a nearby wire.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 8,
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch14b8a.jpg",
          "width": "210",
          "height": "164"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "With the help of an activity, explain the making of an electromagnet.",
        "ans": "Activity: Take around 75 cm long piece of insulated (plastic or cloth covered or enamelled) flexible wire and an iron nail, say about 6–10 cm long. Wind the wire tightly around the nail in the form of a coil. Connect the free ends of the wire to the terminals of a cell through a switch as shown in Fig.<br> Place some pins on or near the end of the nail. Now switch on the current. What happens? Do the pins cling to the tip of the nail? Switch off the current. Are the pins still clinging to the end of the nail?<br> The coil in the above activity behaves like a magnet when electric current flows through it. When the electric current is switched off, the coil generally loses its magnetism. Such coils are called electromagnets. The electromagnets can be made very strong and can lift very heavy loads. Do you remember the crane about which you read in Chapter 13 of Class VI? The end of such a crane has a strong electromagnet attached to it. The electromagnets are also used to separate magnetic material from the junk. Doctors use tiny electromagnets to take out small pieces of magnetic material that have accidentally fallen in the eye. Many toys also have electromagnets inside them.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 9,
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch14b9a.jpg",
          "width": "200",
          "height": "158"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What happens when we switch off the current in an electromagnet?",
        "ans": "When the current flows through a wire, a magnetic field is produced around the wire and an electromagnet is formed. The magnetic field can be turned off again by switching off the current.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 10
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Write any four uses of electromagnets.",
        "ans": "Electromagnets can be used in<br> • Electric bells and buzzers<br>• Loud speakers and headphones<br>• Motors and generators, etc.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 11
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Briefly explain the construction and working of an electric bell.",
       
	   "ans": "Construction: It consists of a going, an electromagnet, a soft iron rod and a contact screw. Working: When the current passes through the electromagnet it becomes magnetized which helps to attract the armature and after this the hammer raids and attract armature. At that time electromagnet did not behave as a magnet because of the breaking contact with the screw. So again armature comes down to make the contact with the screw. This process keeps repeating.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 12
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Abhay took a wire of length 10 cm. Bobby took a wire of 5 cm of the same material and thickness. Both of them connected the wires as shown in the circuit diagrams A and B. The current flowing in both the circuits is the same.<br> (i) Will the heat produced in both the cases be equal? Explain.<br> (ii) Will the heat produced be the same if the wires taken by them are of equal lengths but of different thickness? Explain.",
       
	   "ans": "(i) No the amount of heat produced in both the cases will not be equal Amount of heat produced in a wire depends upon the length of the wire.<br> (ii) No the amount of heat produced in the wire depends upon the thickness of the wire.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 13,
		"pic": {
          "image": "ch14b13.jpg",
          "width": "200",
          "height": "183"
        },
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
	 {
        "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
        "qus": "Draw a circuit diagram to show:<br> (a) An open circuit<br> (b) A closed circuit",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "PBQ",
       
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch14c1a.jpg",
          "width": "183",
          "height": "280"
        },
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
        "qus": "Draw the symbols of the following electric components.<br> (a) Electric cell :<br> (b) Electric bulb :<br> (c) Switch in ‘ON’ position :<br> (d) Switch in ‘OFF’ position :",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "PBQ",
       
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch14c2a.jpg",
          "width": "389",
          "height": "120"
        },
        "val": 2
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
        "qus": "Draw a circuit diagram of an electric bell.",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "PBQ",
       
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch14c3a.jpg",
          "width": "200",
          "height": "243"
        },
        "val": 3
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
        "qus": "How does the magnetic effect of electric current help in the working of an electric bell? Explain with the help of a diagram.",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "PBQ",
       
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch14c4a.jpg",
          "width": "306",
          "height": "155"
        },
        "val": 4
      }
	],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
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    [],
    [],
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    []
  ],
  "yn": "ch14_yn",
  "afq": "ch14_afq",
  "nf": "ch14_nf",
  "co": "ch14_co",
  "fib": "ch14_fib",
  "mcq": "ch14_mcq",
  "saq": "ch14_saq",
  "grade": "Grade 7",
  "vsaq": "ch14_vsaq",
  "laq": "ch14_laq",
  "mtf": "ch14_mtf",
  "tf": "ch14_tf",
  "pbq": "ch14_pbq",
  "un": "ch14_un",
  "grf": "ch14_grf",
  "jtf": "ch14_jtf",
  "dtf": "ch14_dtf",
  "cs": "ch14_cs",
  "ctt": "ch14_ctt",
  "gowf": "ch14_gowf",
  "ctco": "ch14_ctco",
  "map": "ch14_map",
  "afow": "ch14_afow",
  "snc": "ch14_snc"
},
{
  "subject": "Science",
  "chapter": "ch15",
  "chapterName": "Chapter 15 - Light",
  "all": [
    [
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Eddy and Lawrence were given one mirror each by their teacher. Eddy found his image to be erect and of the same size, whereas Lawrence found her image erect and smaller in size. This means that the mirrors of Eddy and Lawrence are, respectively,",
        "ans": "(c) plane mirror and convex mirror",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) plane mirror and concave mirror",
          "(b) concave mirror and convex mirror",
          "(c) plane mirror and convex mirror",
          "(d) convex mirror and plane mirror"
        ],
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following can be used to form a real image?",
        "ans": "(a) Concave mirror only",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Concave mirror only",
          "(b) Plane mirror only",
          "(c) Convex mirror only",
          "(d) Both concave and convex mirrors"
        ],
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "If an object is placed at a distance of 0.5 m in front of a plane mirror, the distance between the object and the image formed by the mirror will be",
        "ans": "(b) 1 m",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) 2 m",
          "(b) 1 m",
          "(c) 0.5 m",
          "(d) 0.25 m"
        ],
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "You are provided with a concave mirror, a convex mirror, a concave lens and a convex lens. To obtain an enlarged image of an object, you can use either",
        "ans": "(b) concave mirror or convex lens",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) concave mirror or convex mirror",
          "(b) concave mirror or convex lens",
          "(c) concave mirror or concave lens",
          "(d) concave lens or convex lens"
        ],
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "A rainbow can be seen in the sky",
        "ans": "(b) when the sun is behind you",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) when the sun is in front of you",
          "(b) when the sun is behind you",
          "(c) when the sun is overhead",
          "(d) only at the time of sunrise"
        ],
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "An erect and enlarged image can be formed by",
        "ans": "(b) only a concave mirror",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) only a convex mirror",
          "(b) only a concave mirror",
          "(c) only a plane mirror",
          "(d) both convex and concave mirrors"
        ],
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "You are provided with a convex mirror, a concave mirror, a convex lens and a concave lens. You can get an inverted image from",
        "ans": "(a) both concave lens and convex lens.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) both concave mirror and convex mirror.",
          "(b) both concave mirror and convex mirror.",
          "(c) both concave mirror and convex lens.",
          "(d) both convex mirror and concave lens."
        ],
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "An image formed by a lens is erect. Such an image could be formed by a",
        "ans": "(b) concave lens provided the image is smaller than object.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) convex lens provided the image is smaller than object.",
          "(b) concave lens provided the image is smaller than object.",
          "(c) concave lens provided the image is larger than object.",
          "(d) concave lens provided the image is of the same size."
        ],
        "val": 8
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [
	 {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "A polished or shiny surface acts as a ______________.",
        "ans": "mirror",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "An image which can be obtained on a screen is called ______________.",
        "ans": "real image",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 2
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The image formed by a plane mirror is ______________, and is of the ______________ size of the object.",
        "ans": "erect, same",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 3
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Convex mirrors always form virtual and ______________ image.",
        "ans": "erect",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 4
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "A ______________ image is always inverted.",
        "ans": "real",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 5
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The mirrors used as side mirrors in vehicles are ______________ mirrors.",
        "ans": "convex",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 6
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "A ______________ lens converges the light falling on it, while a ______________ lens diverges the light.",
        "ans": "convex, concave",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 7
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Lenses which are thicker in the middle and thinner at the end are ______________ lenses.",
        "ans": "convex",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 8
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Image formed by ______________ lens is always virtual.",
        "ans": "spherical",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 9
      }
	],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How is the position of image related to the position of object in the case of plane mirror?",
        "ans": "The image formed by a plane mirror is always virtual in nature. It is erect, if is of the same size as the object. It is formed at the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "An object is at a distance of 25 cm in front of a plane mirror. The mirror is shifted 5 cm away from the object. Find the new distance between the object and the image.",
        "ans": "As we know that the real distance between the mirror and object. Distance between mirror and image so if distance between mirror and object is 30 cm therefore the distance between image and mirror is also 30 cm. Therefore the distance between and positions of the image is 60 cm.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 2
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Differentiate between real image and virtual image.",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "aoption1": [
          {
            "image": "Real image",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• Real image can be caught on screen",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• Real image is always inverted",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption2": [
          {
            "image": "Virtual image",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• Virtual image cannot be caught on screen",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• Virtual image is always erect.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "val": 3
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Why are concave and convex mirrors called spherical mirrors?",
        "ans": "The reflecting surfaces of concave and convex mirror are considered to form a part of a hollow sphere. Their reflecting surface is not a plane surface concave and convex mirrors are called spherical mirrors because their reflecting surfaces are the parts of hollow sphere of glass.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 4
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Give three uses of concave mirrors.",
        "ans": "The uses of concave mirror are (or) concave mirror can be used in/as<br>• telescopes<br>• head lights<br>• Solar furnaces, etc.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 5
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Does a concave mirror give real image for all the locations of the object? Explain.",
        "ans": "The image of the object (the toy car) is larger concave mirrors on the other hand, can have real image. If the object is further away from the mirror than the focal point. The image will be upside-down and real.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 6
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Name the mirror which always produces an erect and virtual image. How is the size of the image related to the size of the object?",
        "ans": "Convex mirror always produces erect and virtual images. The images formed are diminished, i.e, the size of the image is shorter than the size of the object.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 7
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "You are provided with (a) plane mirror, (b) concave mirror and (c) convex mirror. How will you distinguish them without touching?",
        "ans": "• If you look into a plane mirror, you can find that the size of the image is same as that of the object.<br> • If you look into a concave mirror you can see an enlarged image when placed close and can see an inverted image when kept away.<br> • A convex mirror always forms a small and erect image.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 8
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is a lens?",
        "ans": "Lens is a piece of transparent material with curved sides, for concentrate and dispersing light, rays. The one that is thicker from middle is convex lens those feel thinner in middle are concave lens.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 9
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "A convex lens is called a converging lens whereas a concave lens as a diverging lens. Explain.",
        "ans": "A convex lens converges (bends inward) the light generally falling on it therefore it is called a converging lens on the other hand a concave lens diverges (bends outwards) the light and is called diverging lens.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 10,
		"ansimg": {
          "image": "ch15a1a.jpg",
          "width": "188",
          "height": "115"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Differentiate between Converging lens and Diverging lens.",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "AFQ",
        "aoption1": [
          {
            "image": "Converging lens",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• After refraction light rays meet at one point or appear to move.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• The image formed can be virtual, enlarged or diminished based upon the position of object",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption2": [
          {
            "image": "Diverging lens",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• After refraction light rays move away from one another",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "• The image formed is always virtual and diminished.",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "val": 11
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How will you prove that light consists of seven colours using Newton’s disc?",
        "ans": "Draw a circle out of the disc and paint seven colours VIBGYOR on it, make a hole in center to attack a pencil through which disc can rotate freely. When rotating colours are not visible and the disk appeared white. This showed that seven colours when mixed up produces white light.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 12
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain the experiment of prism to show that light consists of seven colours.",
       
        "ans": "Take a glass prism. Allow a narrow beam of sunlight through a small hole in the window of a dark room to fall on one face of the prism. Let the light coming out of the other face of the prism fall on a white sheet of paper or on a white wall. What do you observe? Do you see colours similar to those in a rainbow? This shows that the sunlight consists of seven colours. The sunlight is said to be white light. This means that the white light consists of seven colours. Try to identify these colours and write their names in your notebook. Can we mix these colours to get white light? Let us try.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 13,
		"ansimg": {
          "image": "ch15a2a.jpg",
          "width": "269",
          "height": "150"
        }
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What kind of image is formed by the following?<br> (i) Concave mirror : ________________________________________<br> (ii) Convex mirror : ________________________________________<br> (iii) Convex lens : ________________________________________<br> (iv) Concave lens : ________________________________________",
        "ans": "(i) Concave mirror : Both real and virtual images, enlarged, reduced <br> (ii) Convex mirror : Virtual and erect image <br> (iii) Convex lens : Either real or virtual images<br> (iv) Concave lens : Only virtual images",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 14
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Suppose we wish to obtain the real image of a distant tree. Explain two possible ways in which we can do it.",
        "ans": "(1) If tree is beyond the focus then the convex lens creates a real and inverted image of the tree formed on the other side of the incident ray.<br> (2) If tree is beyond the focus of the concave mirror then the image formed is read inverted and in front of the mirror.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 15
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "It was observed that when the distance between an object and a lens decreases, the size of the image increases. What is the nature of this lens? If you keep on decreasing the distance between the object and the lens, will you still able to obtain the image on the screen? Explain.",
        "ans": "(1) The nature of image is convex lens. If we keep decreasing the distance between the object and the lens, but the image we will get virtual which we can not get on screen.<br> (2) No, if the distance between object and lens, less than the focal length of the lens, then it will form a virtual image which cannot be obtained on a screen.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 16
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "You are given three mirrors of different types. How will you identify each one of them?",
        "ans": "The three different types of mirrors can be identified by forming the images.<br>  Plane Mirror: Forms an erect image which is of the same size as object.<br>  Concave mirror: Forms both real and virtual images.<br> Convex mirror: Always produces virtual and upright images.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 17
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
	 {
        "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
        "qus": "Draw two types of spherical mirrors.",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "PBQ",
      
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch15a3a.jpg",
          "width": "466",
          "height": "200"
        },
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
        "qus": "Draw two types of lenses.",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "PBQ",
      
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch15a4a.jpg",
          "width": "355",
          "height": "345"
        },
        "val": 2
      }
	],
    [
	  {
        "heading": "Define the following.",
        "qus": "Concave lens",
        "ans": "Concave lens: The lens which disperses the light rays around, that hits the lenses, are called a concave lens.",
        "code": "DTF",
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Define the following.",
        "qus": "Convex lens",
        "ans": "Convex lens: The lens which merges the light rays at a particular point, that travels through it are convex lens. The curve in convex lens focus outward.",
        "code": "DTF",
        "val": 1
      }
    
	],
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  ],
  "yn": "ch15_yn",
  "afq": "ch15_afq",
  "nf": "ch15_nf",
  "co": "ch15_co",
  "fib": "ch15_fib",
  "mcq": "ch15_mcq",
  "saq": "ch15_saq",
  "grade": "Grade 7",
  "vsaq": "ch15_vsaq",
  "laq": "ch15_laq",
  "mtf": "ch15_mtf",
  "tf": "ch15_tf",
  "pbq": "ch15_pbq",
  "un": "ch15_un",
  "grf": "ch15_grf",
  "jtf": "ch15_jtf",
  "dtf": "ch15_dtf",
  "cs": "ch15_cs",
  "ctt": "ch15_ctt",
  "gowf": "ch15_gowf",
  "ctco": "ch15_ctco",
  "map": "ch15_map",
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  "snc": "ch15_snc"
},
{
"subject": "Science",
  "chapter": "ch16",
  "chapterName": "Chapter 16 - Water : A Precious Resource",
  "all": [
    [
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following does not show water shortage?",
        "ans": "(c) Marches and protests for demand of water.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Taps running dry.",
          "(b) Long queues for getting water.",
          "(c) Marches and protests for demand of water.",
          "(d) A family gets three buckets of water per person per day."
        ],
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Seas and oceans are full of water on the earth. However, a very small percentage of water present on the earth is available for us. This percentage is roughly",
        "ans": "(a) 0.006%",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) 0.006%",
          "(b) 0.06%",
          "(c) 0.6%",
          "(d) 6%"
        ],
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following are not the liquid forms of water?<br>(i) Snow &ensp; (ii) Lake water &ensp; (iii) River water &ensp; (iv) Water vapour &ensp; (v) Ice<br> Choose the correct combination from the options below.",
        "ans": "(a) (i), (iv) and (v)",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) (i), (iv) and (v)",
          "(b) (i) and (ii)",
          "(c) (ii) and (iii)",
          "(d) (iv) only"
        ],
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "A man digging the ground near a waterbody found that the soil was moist. As he kept digging deeper and deeper he reached a level where all the spaces between particles of soil and gaps between rocks were filled with water. The upper limit of this layer is called",
        "ans": "(b) water table",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) water level",
          "(b) water table",
          "(c) groundwater",
          "(d) water limit"
        ],
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following is a way to use water economically?",
        "ans": "(c) Drip irrigation",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Construction of bawris",
          "(b) Rainwater harvesting",
          "(c) Drip irrigation",
          "(d) Infiltration"
        ],
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "On which of the following days is World Water Day observed?",
        "ans": "(a) 22 March",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) 22 March",
          "(b) 14 November",
          "(c) 2 October",
          "(d) 21 December"
        ],
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The amount of water recommended by the United Nations for drinking, washing, cooking and maintaining proper hygiene per person per day is a minimum of",
        "ans": "(d) 50 litres",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) 5 litres",
          "(b) 15 litres",
          "(c) 30 litres",
          "(d) 50 litres"
        ],
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "“Every Drop Counts” is a slogan related to",
        "ans": "(c) importance of water",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) counting of drops of any liquid",
          "(b) counting of water drops",
          "(c) importance of water",
          "(d) importance of counting"
        ],
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Water cycle does not involve which of the following?",
        "ans": "(d) Rainwater harvesting",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Evaporation",
          "(b) Condensation",
          "(c) Formation of clouds",
          "(d) Rainwater harvesting"
        ],
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following inhibits the seepage of rainwater into ground?",
        "ans": "(a) A pukka floor",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) A pukka floor",
          "(b) Playground",
          "(c) Grass lawn",
          "(d) Forest land"
        ],
        "val": 10
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [
	 {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "_____________ is celebrated as the World Water Day.",
        "ans": "22 March",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The total amount of water on the earth is kept constant by _____________.",
        "ans": "water cycle",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 2
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "_____________ percentage of the earth is covered with water.",
        "ans": "Seventy one",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 3
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The water found below the _____________ is called groundwater.",
        "ans": "water table",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 4
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The water that is fit for human consumption amounts to roughly _____________ % of all the water found on the earth.",
        "ans": "0.006",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 5
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "_____________ is the process of seeping of water into the ground.",
        "ans": "Infiltration",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 6
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "People find groundwater through _____________ and _____________ .",
        "ans": "hand pumps, wells",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 7
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "_____________ is the method to use rainwater to recharge groundwater.",
        "ans": "water harvesting",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 8
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "_____________ is the traditional method of collecting water.",
        "ans": "Bawris",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 9
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The method of delivering water directly at the base of the plant using narrow tubing is _____________.",
        "ans": "drip irrigation",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 10
      }
	],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Match the Following.",
        "qus": null,
        "ans": "1. (e),  2. (d),  3. (a),  4. (c),  5. (b)",
        "code": "MTF",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [
          {
            "image": "1. Groundwater",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "2. Bawri",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "3. Snow",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "4. Drip irrigation",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "5. Leaking taps",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option2": [
          {
            "image": "(a) Solid form of water",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(b) Wastage of water",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(c) Water management",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(d) Small waterbody",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(e) Water table",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option3": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option4": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Even though 71% of the earth’s surface is covered with water, roughly 0.006% of this water is available for our use. Explain.",
        "ans": "Around 97% of total water is in oceans which is salty and not fit for human consumption from remaining 30% is present in glaciers, ice caps lakes etc. and for the human consumption only freshwater is used. Because of which only 0.006% of water is available for use.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Why was the year 2003 observed as the International Year of Freshwater?",
        "ans": "Water use has been growing at more than twice the rate of population during the 20th century. to raise awareness for scarcity of water United Nations proclaimed 2003 year as International year for freshwater.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 2
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Which form of water is not readily available for our use? Where is it found?",
        "ans": "Less than 3% exists as fresh water but not all is readily available for use as more than 2/3 of fresh water is not even liquid. Its frozen in glaciers in places like Antarctic and greenland ice sheets.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 3
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What are the different forms of water? Giving examples of each, mention their presence in nature.",
        "ans": "Solid form – snow and caps available on poles.<br> Liquid form – oceans, lakes, rivers and underground.<br> Gaseous form – Water vapour presert in air around us.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 4
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Write a short note on water cycle.",
        "ans": "A cycle of process by which water circulates between the earths ocean, atmosphere, and law involving precipitation as rain and snow, drainage in stream and rivers services and return to the atmosphere by evaporation and transpiration.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 5
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Mention one important contribution of water cycle that takes place in nature.",
        "ans": "Ground water in upper levels may flow into rivers, lakes, or oceans, water near the soil surface may be taken up by plants and move out of their bodies through transpiration from the leaves. Snowmelt runoff and sublimation of snow and ice are other process that contribute to the water cycle.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 6
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What do you mean by groundwater? Mention the sources of groundwater.",
        "ans": "Ground water – the water found underneath the surface of the earth. The water from rainfall, lakes, rivers and streams seeps through the porous ground to reach the water table a level where the ground beneath is saturated with water ground water is usually contained in an aquifer.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 7
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How does increasing population affect the water table?",
        "ans": "Increasing population creates demand for construction of houses, shops, offices, roads etc. So the increasing population ends up consuming more ground water as well as allowing lesson water to seep into the ground. This results in depletion of water table.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 8
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Discuss the role of industrialisation in depletion of water table.",
        "ans": "Most of the stages of manufacturing processes in industries require water. If the number of industries increases, then the water required by them will be also increase therefore increase of industries contributes to the depletion of water table.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 9
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "There are ten tube wells in a lane of fifty houses. What could be the long-term impact on the water table?",
        "ans": "Because of the more water available than the necessary amount people in the lane of 50 house the wase and consumption of water increases due to which ground water of the water table will decrease and the impact can be scarcity of water.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 10
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What do you understand by ‘mismanagement of water resources’?",
        "ans": "Water supply pipes leaking and a lot of water moving out of the pipe gets waste, individually knowledge or unknowingly we waste water while brushing teeth, shaving, bathing washing and during many other activities, leaking taps etc are sources of mismanaged and waste water.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 11
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is rainwater harvesting?",
        "ans": "The rain water can be used to recharge the ground water by collecting if and directing into the ground this is called rain water harvesting.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 12
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "You have been asked to maintain a garden. How will you minimise the use of water?",
        "ans": "To maintain a garden. water is necessary, therefore to minimise the use of water, we can apply the drip irrigation method in this method, water is supplied directly to the base of plants using narrow pipes. There by reducing the less of water.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 13
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What role can an individual play in the conservation of water?",
        "ans": "There are number of ways to conserve water, or minimise the wastage of water by adopting certain practices such as turn off taps while brushing, mop the floor instead of washing, and use minimum water for all domestic purposes etc.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 14
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What happens to plants when there is not enough water?",
        "ans": "Plants need nutrients from soil, water and light if plants did not get enough water because of which the process inside the plant would stop eventually plants can die.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 15
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Water is the basic need for survival of living organisms. Justify.",
        "ans": "Living organisms need water to survive. Organisms require water to break down food molecules to generate energy during respiration process. Water also helps many organism regulate metabolism and dissolve compounds going into or out of the body.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 16
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is groundwater? What are the sources of water which are fed by groundwater?",
        "ans": "A part of rainwater seeps into the ground through the soil and collects over the non-porous ricks is called groundwater. The sources of water which one fed by groundwater are wells, lakes, ponds, springs, handpumps etc.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 17
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [
	 {
        "heading": "Complete the sentences.",
        "qus": "Complete the following chart by writing appropriate words in the boxes marked (a) to (e).",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "CS",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "ch16cs1.jpg",
          "width": "487",
          "height": "165"
        },
		"ansimg": {
          "image": "ch16cs1a.jpg",
          "width": "487",
          "height": "165"
        },
        "val": 1
      }
	],
    [
	 {
        "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
        "qus": "Draw a schematic diagram of water cycle. Label the various processes involved in it.<br> (1) rudgon rawet<br> (2) atooniaervp<br> (3) acestoonnnid<br> (4) duclos<br> (5) tspratniaoinr<br> (6) aitfinlronit<br> (7) ntciepirtaipo",
        "ans": "(1) rudgon rawet = ground water<br> (2) atooniaervp = evaporation<br> (3) acestoonnnid = condensation<br> (4) duclos = clouds<br> (5) tspratniaoinr = transpiration<br> (6) aitfinlronit = infiltration<br> (7) ntciepirtaipo = precipitant",
        "code": "PBQ",
       
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch16a1a.jpg",
          "width": "475",
          "height": "375"
        },
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
        "qus": "Draw a labelled diagram to show groundwater and water table.",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "PBQ",
        
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch16a2a.jpg",
          "width": "445",
          "height": "315"
        },
        "val": 2
      }
	],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
	 {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "Jumble word is given here. Write the correct word: <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; WASHFERRET - _________________",
        "ans": "FRESH WATER",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "Jumble word is given here. Write the correct word: <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CHARREGE - _________________",
        "ans": "RECHARGE",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 2
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "Jumble word is given here. Write the correct word: <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QUIFERA - _________________",
        "ans": "AQUIFER",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 3
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Unscramble and answer.",
        "qus": "Jumble word is given here. Write the correct word: <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; WOSN - _________________",
        "ans": "SNOW",
        "code": "UN",
        "val": 4
      }
	],
    []
  ],
  "yn": "ch16_yn",
  "afq": "ch16_afq",
  "nf": "ch16_nf",
  "co": "ch16_co",
  "fib": "ch16_fib",
  "mcq": "ch16_mcq",
  "saq": "ch16_saq",
  "grade": "Grade 7",
  "vsaq": "ch16_vsaq",
  "laq": "ch16_laq",
  "mtf": "ch16_mtf",
  "tf": "ch16_tf",
  "pbq": "ch16_pbq",
  "un": "ch16_un",
  "grf": "ch16_grf",
  "jtf": "ch16_jtf",
  "dtf": "ch16_dtf",
  "cs": "ch16_cs",
  "ctt": "ch16_ctt",
  "gowf": "ch16_gowf",
  "ctco": "ch16_ctco",
  "map": "ch16_map",
  "afow": "ch16_afow",
  "snc": "ch16_snc"
},
{
  "subject": "Science",
  "chapter": "ch17",
  "chapterName": "Chapter 17 - Forests: Our Lifeline",
  "all": [
    [
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following is called producer?",
        "ans": "(b) Plants",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Man",
          "(b) Plants",
          "(c) Domestic animals",
          "(d) Both man and animals"
        ],
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following statements is incorrect?",
        "ans": "(b) Forests help in bringing good rainfall in neighbouring areas.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Forests help in bringing good rainfall in neighbouring areas.",
          "(b) Forests help in bringing good rainfall in neighbouring areas.",
          "(c) Unplanned and indiscriminate deforestation must be stopped.",
          "(d) If forests disappear, it will cause disturbance in ecological balance."
        ],
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding microorganisms?",
        "ans": "(a) Microorganisms are known as decomposers.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Microorganisms are known as decomposers.",
          "(b) Humus is formed by the activity of microorganisms.",
          "(c) Microorganisms help in dispersal of seeds.",
          "(d) They help in cycling of nutrients."
        ],
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following products is not obtained from the forests?",
        "ans": "(d) Lac",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Resins",
          "(b) Cooking oil",
          "(c) Medicinal herbs",
          "(d) Lac"
        ],
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following serve as green lungs?",
        "ans": "(a) Green pigment of the plants",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Green pigment of the plants",
          "(b) Forests",
          "(c) Kitchen gardens",
          "(d) Greenhouse gases"
        ],
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Boojho visited a forest near his town with his classmates and his teacher. As they were entering the forest, their class teacher told them not to make noise in the forest as noise could disturb the",
        "ans": "(c) both birds and animals",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) birds",
          "(b) animals",
          "(c) both birds and animals",
          "(d) plants"
        ],
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which among the following forest animals is the smallest?",
        "ans": "(d) Porcupine",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Fox",
          "(b) Boar",
          "(c) Bison",
          "(d) Porcupine"
        ],
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following has the strongest stem?",
        "ans": "(a) A tree",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) A tree",
          "(b) A creeper",
          "(c) A climber",
          "(d) A bush"
        ],
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following is not prepared from the wood obtained from forest?",
        "ans": "(b) Thermocol",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Paper",
          "(b) Thermocol",
          "(c) Matchsticks",
          "(d) Plywood"
        ],
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following is not the name of a tree?",
        "ans": "(c) Porcupine",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Teak",
          "(b) Sal",
          "(c) Porcupine",
          "(d) Kachnar"
        ],
        "val": 10
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Pick the option which gives the names of a tree and an animal, respectively, from the following.",
        "ans": "(a) semal, hornbill",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) semal, hornbill",
          "(b) sal, khair",
          "(c) chinkara, blue bull",
          "(d) neem, palash"
        ],
        "val": 11
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the products is not obtained from a forest?",
        "ans": "(d) Ginger",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Honey",
          "(b) Catechu",
          "(c) Gum",
          "(d) Ginger"
        ],
        "val": 12
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The branchy part of a tree above the stem is known as",
        "ans": "(a) crown",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) crown",
          "(b) canopy",
          "(c) sapling",
          "(d) humus"
        ],
        "val": 13
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Forests are not responsible for",
        "ans": "(c) creating flood conditions.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) providing medicinal plants.",
          "(b) maintaining the flow of water into the streams.",
          "(c) creating flood conditions.",
          "(d) absorbing rainwater and maintaining water table."
        ],
        "val": 14
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [
	 {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The types of plants and animals differ from forest to forest is mainly due to different ____________ conditions.",
        "ans": "climatic",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "All animals depend ultimately on ____________ for food.",
        "ans": "Plants",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 2
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The presence of ____________ ensures that the nutrients of dead plants and animals are released into the soil.",
        "ans": "Humus",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 3
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The different horizontal layers of vegetation in the forest are known as ____________.",
        "ans": "Canopy layer",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 4
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The ____________ provides favourable conditions for the seeds to germinate and develop into seedings.",
        "ans": "forest floor",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 5
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The forest officers recognise the presence of some animals in the forest by their ____________ and ____________.",
        "ans": "foot prints, droppings",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 6
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "____________ help in maintaining the supply of nutrients to the growing plants in the forest.",
        "ans": "Decomposers",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 7
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Forests act as a ______________ rainwater and allow it to seep into the ground.",
        "ans": "natural absorber",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 8
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The insects, butterflies, honeybees and birds help flowering plants in ____________.",
        "ans": "pollination",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 9
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "A forest is a purifier of ____________ and ____________.",
        "ans": "air, water",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 10
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Herbs form the ____________ layer of the earth.",
        "ans": "lowest",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 11
      }
	],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Match the Following.",
        "qus": null,
        "ans": "1. (c),  2. (e), 3. (d),  4. (a),  5. (b)",
        "code": "MTF",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [
          {
            "image": "1. Decomposers",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "2. Canopy",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "3. Porcupine",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "4. Humus",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "5. Forest",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option2": [
          {
            "image": "(a) Dead plant and animal tissue",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(b) Habitats for wildlife",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(c) Microorganisms",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(d) Wild animals",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(e) Branches of tall trees",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option3": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option4": [
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": null,
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "aoption1": [],
        "aoption2": [],
        "aoption3": [],
        "aoption4": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": null,
          "width": null,
          "height": null
        }
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is a forest?",
        "ans": "A large area covered chiefly with trees and undergrowth is called forest. It is also a complex ecosystem consisting mainly to trees the buffer the earth and support a myraid of life forms.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How are forests useful to us? Give at least six points in support of your answer.",
        "ans": "Forest are useful to us in many ways.<br> • It gives us wood which is source of paper etc.<br> • It absorbs CO<sub>2</sub> and prevents Ozone layer from depleting.<br>• It is also responsible for rainfall.<br> • Forest help to fight against climate change.<br> • It also provides us clean rain water.<br> • Forests gives habitat to numerous life.<br> • Forest helps soil stay put.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 2
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What do you understand by ‘food chain’? Explain with one example.",
        "ans": "Food chain helps to recognise and differentiate Levels of primary producers secondary to decomposers it explains the balance of life on earth.<br> eg: Grass → insects → frog → snake → eagle.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 3
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Name the three categories of plants which are found in a forest.",
        "ans": "Tropical, Temperate, Boreal",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 4
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain the role of animals in the growth and regeneration of forests.",
        "ans": "Animals which live in the forest help in grow and regenerate in following ways: By eating vegitation they clean land for fresh growth. Animals help flowering plants in pollination and seed dispersal. Dead remains of animals make humus after decomposition.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 5
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How are the nutrients cycled from the plants to the soil and back to the plants? Explain.",
        "ans": "The nutrient cycle is a system where energy and matter are transferred between living organisms and nonliving parts of the environment this occurs as animals and plants consume nutrients found in the soil and these nutrient are then released back to environment via death and decomposition.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 6
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How do forests influence the life of the tribal people and the forest-dwelling communities?",
        "ans": "Trible people lived from many years in forest, forest helps in their dwelling, food, vegetation, water etc forest provide them land to cultivate food, provides wood for different purposes, other animals and birds reside on trees of forest and fruits and flowers of plants.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 7
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How do forests influence the quality of our air and soil?",
        "ans": "Forest maintain balance between CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>. the plants present in forest need CO<sub>2</sub> for photosynthesis and release oxygen during this process thus oxygen consumed during respiration and combustion is returned by forest. Thus forest affect the quality of air.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 8
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain why there is no waste in forest.",
        "ans": "There is no waste in forest because decomposers convert all dead bodies of the plants and animals into the humus which gets added to the soil thus no waste remains.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 9
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "‘Forest is a dynamic living entity – Full of life and vitality.’ What do you understand by the above statement?",
        "ans": "The dropping of animals and dead leaves of plants are decomposed by the decomposes and converted into nutrient. This nutrients are utilized by the seeds to grow. This forest is full of life and vitality so it is called a dynamic living entity.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 10
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How do animals dwelling in the forest help it to grow and regenerate?",
        "ans": "Animals which live in the forest help in grow and regenerate in following ways: By eating vegitation they clean land for fresh growth. Animals help flowering plants in pollination and seed dispersal. Dead remains of animals make humus after decomposition.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 11
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "How are plants dependent on animals in a forest? List the important points.",
        "ans": "Plants depend on animals for CO<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub> is used by plants for respiration and photosynthesis. The decomposers decompose dead plants and animals. By this process the soil get back its fertility which is good for plants. Some insects or birds also carrier pollen grains which helps plants to reproduce, the animals are agents of dispersal of seeds which helps the plants to grow.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 12
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What would happen if forests disappear? List four important consequences.",
        "ans": "1. If forest disappear, the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> in air will increases resulting in the increase of earths temp.<br> 2. In the absence of trees the soil with not hold water, which will cause floods. Duration cycle can also be affected.<br> 3. In absence of these plants animals will not get food and shelter.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 13
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Suggest steps that need to be taken to conserve forests.",
        "ans": "• Control over forest fire.<br> • Overgrazing by animals in the forest should be stopped.<br> • While constructing dams roads swimming, all ecological factors must be stopped.<br> • Large scale forest cutting must be stopped.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 14
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "“A bunch of seedlings were seen sprouting on a heap of animal dropping in a forest.” How do you think the seedling is benefited from the animal dung?",
        "ans": "Animal dung is considered as an important natural manure. It consists many nutrients in absorbable conditions for seeds to absorb and grow. Also dung contains moisture and warmth for a seedling to grow.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 15
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
	 {
        "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
        "qus": "The figure given below shows a part of the forest.<br> Write any three activities going on in the forest on the basis of this figure.",
        "ans": "1. Photosynthesis is the activity performed plants to make food and release oxygen.<br>  2. Decomposition: a process done by bacteria on dead animals and humus to mix of into soil.<br> 3. Birds and animals performing daily activities. (Internal)",
        "code": "PBQ",
        
        "pic": {
          "image": "ch17a1.jpg",
          "width": "354",
          "height": "276"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch17a1a.jpg",
          "width": "354",
          "height": "276"
        },
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
        "qus": "Draw a figure showing two animals, two birds and a few trees as a part of a forest.",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "PBQ",
       
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch17a2a.jpg",
          "width": "400",
          "height": "288"
        },
        "val": 1
      }
	],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    []
  ],
  "yn": "ch17_yn",
  "afq": "ch17_afq",
  "nf": "ch17_nf",
  "co": "ch17_co",
  "fib": "ch17_fib",
  "mcq": "ch17_mcq",
  "saq": "ch17_saq",
  "grade": "Grade 7",
  "vsaq": "ch17_vsaq",
  "laq": "ch17_laq",
  "mtf": "ch17_mtf",
  "tf": "ch17_tf",
  "pbq": "ch17_pbq",
  "un": "ch17_un",
  "grf": "ch17_grf",
  "jtf": "ch17_jtf",
  "dtf": "ch17_dtf",
  "cs": "ch17_cs",
  "ctt": "ch17_ctt",
  "gowf": "ch17_gowf",
  "ctco": "ch17_ctco",
  "map": "ch17_map",
  "afow": "ch17_afow",
  "snc": "ch17_snc"
},
{
  "subject": "Science",
  "chapter": "ch18",
  "chapterName": "Chapter 18 - Wastewater Story",
  "all": [
    [
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following is wastewater?",
        "ans": "(d) Water coming out of a laundry.",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Water trickling from a damaged tap.",
          "(b) Water coming out of a shower.",
          "(c) Water flowing in a river.",
          "(d) Water coming out of a laundry."
        ],
        "val": 1
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Sewage is mainly a",
        "ans": "(a) liquid waste",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) liquid waste",
          "(b) solid waste",
          "(c) gaseous waste",
          "(d) mixture of solid and gas"
        ],
        "val": 2
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following is/are products of wastewater treatment?",
        "ans": "(b) Sludge",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Biogas",
          "(b) Sludge",
          "(c) Both biogas and sludge",
          "(d) Aerator"
        ],
        "val": 3
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Open drain system is a breeding place for which of the following.",
        "ans": "(d) All of these",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Flies",
          "(b) Mosquitoes",
          "(c) Organisms which cause diseases",
          "(d) All of these"
        ],
        "val": 4
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Water polluted by various human activities causes a number of waterborne diseases. Which of the following is not a waterborne disease?",
        "ans": "(c) Asthma",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Cholera",
          "(b) Typhoid",
          "(c) Asthma",
          "(d) Dysentery"
        ],
        "val": 5
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Pick from the following, one chemical used to disinfect water.",
        "ans": "(a) Chlorine",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Chlorine",
          "(b) Washing soda",
          "(c) Silica",
          "(d) Coal"
        ],
        "val": 6
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "The system of a network of pipes used for taking away wastewater from homes or public buildings to the treatment plant is known as",
        "ans": "(b) sewerage",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) sewers",
          "(b) sewerage",
          "(c) transport system",
          "(d) treatment plant"
        ],
        "val": 7
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following is a part of inorganic impurities of the sewage?",
        "ans": "(a) Pesticides",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Pesticides",
          "(b) Urea",
          "(c) Phosphates",
          "(d) Vegetable waste"
        ],
        "val": 8
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "In a filtration plant, water is filtered using layers of",
        "ans": "(c) sand and fine gravel",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) sand and clay",
          "(b) clay and fine gravel",
          "(c) sand and fine gravel",
          "(d) sand, fine gravel and medium gravel"
        ],
        "val": 9
      },
      {
        "heading": "Multiple Choice Question.",
        "qus": "Which of the following is not a source of wastewater?",
        "ans": "(a) Sewers",
        "code": "MCQ",
        "width": null,
        "height": null,
        "optn": null,
        "options": [
          "(a) Sewers",
          "(b) Homes",
          "(c) Industries",
          "(d) Hospitals"
        ],
        "val": 10
      }
    ],
    [],
    [
	 {
        "heading": "Choose the Correct Option.",
        "qus": "(Air, hand pumps, cholera, water, large, ground, land)<br> A very _____________ number of our people defecate in the open. It may cause _____________ pollution and soil pollution. Both the surface water and _____________ get polluted. _____________ water is the source for wells, tube wells and _____________. Thus, it becomes the most common route for _____________ diseases like _____________, dysentery, etc.",
        "ans": "large, air, land, ground, hand pumps, water, cholera",
        "code": "CTCO",
        
        "options": null,
        "val": 1
      }
	],
    [
	 {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Dirty water going down from sinks, showers, etc. is known as _____________.",
        "ans": "wastewater",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The process of wastewater treatment is commonly known as _____________.",
        "ans": "Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 2
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Sewage is a liquid waste which has dissolved and suspended impurities called _____________.",
        "ans": "contaminants",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 3
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Sewage is a liquid waste which causes _____________ and _____________ pollution.",
        "ans": "water, soil",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 4
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "Sludge is decomposed by ____________ bacteria to produce ____________.",
        "ans": "anaerobic, electricity",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 5
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "The network of big and small pipes which carry dirty water is known as ____________.",
        "ans": "sewers",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 6
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Fill in the blanks.",
        "qus": "___________ is produced at the end of treatment process, which can be used as a fuel or for generating electricity.",
        "ans": "Bigas",
        "code": "FIB",
        "val": 7
      }
	  
	],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Match the Following.",
        "qus": null,
        "ans": "1. (a),  2. (d), 3. (b),  4. (c)",
        "code": "MTF",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1,
        "option1": [
          {
            "image": "1. Inorganic impurities",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "2. Organic impurities",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "3. Nutrients",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "4. Bacteria",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ],
        "option2": [
          {
            "image": "(a) Phosphorus and nitrogen",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(b) Nitrates and phosphates",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(c) Cholera and typhoid",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          },
          {
            "image": "(d) Pesticides and herbicides",
            "width": null,
            "height": null
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
      {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "The United Nations proclaimed the period 2005–2015 as the International Decade for action on “Water for Life.” Explain.",
        "ans": "The United Nations General Assembly in December 2003 proclaimed the years 2005–2015 as the international decade fun action “Water for life” the primary goal of the water for life decade is to promote efforts to fulfill international commitments made on water and water related issues by 2015.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 1
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Define wastewater.",
        "ans": "Wastewater is any water that has been affected by human use, wastewater is used water from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agriculture activities, surface runoff for storm water and any sewer inflow or sewer infiltration.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 2
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Give the reason why sewage should be treated before being discharged in a waterbody.",
        "ans": "Because as a solid material decays, it uses up oxygen, which is needed by the plants and animals living in the water.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 3
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is sewage? Explain why is it harmful to discharge untreated sewage into rivers or seas?",
        "ans": "Sewage is a liquid containing waste which is disposed by households industrial & agriculture activities in water. It is harmful to discharge unheated sewage into rivers, sea because it can pollute the whole sources of water, sewage contains harmful substances and disease causing microorganism.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 4
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What do you understand by ‘sewerage system’?",
        "ans": "Sewerage is the system made up of sewers that conveys sewage. It ends at a sewage system plant or at discharge point. It is a system of Biolines, manholes, etc.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 5
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Wastewater is passed through bar screens during the process of wastewater treatment. Why?",
        "ans": "The influent in sewage water passes through a bar screen to remove all large objects like cans, rags, sticks, plastic packets etc carried in sewage stream.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 6
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Describe briefly the steps involved in the treatment of wastewater in a wastewater treatment plant.",
        "ans": "There are four basic steps involved in the wastewater treatment plant they are (1) screening and pumping (2) Grit Removal (3) Primary setting (4) Aeration.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 7
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What is sludge? Explain how it is treated.",
        "ans": "Semi-solids such as faeces that settle down during wastewater treatment are called sludge – this sludge is removed using a scraper and then transferred to a tank where it is decomposed by anaerobic bacteria to produce biogas.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 8
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What do you understand by activated sludge? How is dried sludge obtained from it?",
        "ans": "Activated Sludge is a thick soft substance used for removing. Pollutants from wastewater by a biological reaction. Dry sludge is obtained by evaporation of water from the Digested sludge.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 9
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Why should eucalyptus trees be planted along sewage ponds?",
        "ans": "Because these trees absorb all surplus wastewater rapidly and release pure water vapour into the atmosphere.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 10
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain the function of bar screens in a wasterwater treatment plant.",
        "ans": "Bar screen removes large solid objects from water. The wastewater is allowed to pass through bar screen so that large solid objects such as rags, napkins, sticks, cons, plastic bags, polythene, etc present in wastewater can be removed.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 11
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Why should tea leaves, solid food remains, soft toys and cotton not to be thrown down the drain but in the dustbins?",
        "ans": "As these wastes choke the drains. They do not allow the free flow of oxygen, this hampers the degradation process of the garbage by microorganisms.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 12
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Why should oils and fats not be released in the drain? Explain.",
        "ans": "As oils and fats garden the soil in the pipes and block them, fats get dogged in holes of the soil in the drain and block it. It does not allow the water to flow.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 13
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Untreated human excreta is a health hazard. Explain",
        "ans": "It caused pollution of soil and water including underground water. When this contaminated water is used for drinking, it caused diseases, such as cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, dysentery etc.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 14
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Good sanitation practices should be adopted at public places. Explain.",
        "ans": "Good hygiene and safe water are essential for good health lac of proper sanitization can spread diseases at public places so sanitization practices should be adopted at public places.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 15
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Explain the relationship between sanitation and diseases.",
        "ans": "Sanitization and disease are related to each other as lac of sanitization can cause disease. When the contaminated water is used for drinking it can cause disease such as Cholera, typhoid, dysentery etc.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 16
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Mention two advantages of on-site human waste disposal technology.",
        "ans": "Simple to construct operate and maintain, a less expensive to install and maintain, surface water pollution is eliminated.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 17
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Vermi-processing toilet is a hygienic and beneficial on-site human waste disposal system. Explain.",
        "ans": "<b>Vermi-processing toilet</b> <br>A design of a toilet in which humans excreta is treated by earthworms has been tested in India. It has been found to be a novel, low water-use toilet for safe processing of human waste. The operation of the toilet is very simple and hygienic. The human excreta is completely converted to vermi cakes — a resource much needed for soil.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 18
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "Give reason: Chemicals like paints, solvents and medicines should not be disposed down the drains.",
        "ans": "Chemicals like paints solvents and medicines, insecticide etc may hill microbes that help purify water. So we should not dispose them down into drain.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 19
      },
	  {
        "heading": "Answer the following questions.",
        "qus": "What role can you play in maintaining water sources in a healthy state?",
        "ans": "Adopting good sanitization practices should be our way of life. This will influence others with your energy, ideas and optimism.",
        "code": "AFQ",
        "options": null,
        "val": 20
      }
	  
    ],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [
	 {
        "heading": "Picture-based questions.",
        "qus": "Solve the following puzzle:<br> <b>Across :</b><br> 3. Liquid waste product.<br> 4. Solid waste extracted in sewage treatment.<br> 6. A word related to hygiene.<br> 8. Waste matter discharged from human body.<br><b>Down :</b><br> 1. Used water.<br> 2. A pipe carrying sewage.<br> 5. Microorganisms which cause cholera.<br> 7. A chemical to disinfect water.",
        "ans": null,
        "code": "PBQ",
        "option1": null,
        "option2": null,
        "option3": null,
        "aoption1": null,
        "aoption2": null,
        "aoption3": null,
        "pic": {
          "image": "ch18a1.jpg",
          "width": "300",
          "height": "265"
        },
        "ansimg": {
          "image": "ch18a1a.jpg",
          "width": "300",
          "height": "265"
        },
        "val": 1
      }
	],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    [],
    []
  ],
  "yn": "ch18_yn",
  "afq": "ch18_afq",
  "nf": "ch18_nf",
  "co": "ch18_co",
  "fib": "ch18_fib",
  "mcq": "ch18_mcq",
  "saq": "ch18_saq",
  "grade": "Grade 7",
  "vsaq": "ch18_vsaq",
  "laq": "ch18_laq",
  "mtf": "ch18_mtf",
  "tf": "ch18_tf",
  "pbq": "ch18_pbq",
  "un": "ch18_un",
  "grf": "ch18_grf",
  "jtf": "ch18_jtf",
  "dtf": "ch18_dtf",
  "cs": "ch18_cs",
  "ctt": "ch18_ctt",
  "gowf": "ch18_gowf",
  "ctco": "ch18_ctco",
  "map": "ch18_map",
  "afow": "ch18_afow",
  "snc": "ch18_snc"
}]

Youez - 2016 - github.com/yon3zu
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